Dharti Ke Lal

{{Infobox film

| name = {{Lang|hi-latn|Dharti Ke Lal}}

| image =

| caption =

| director = Khwaja Ahmad Abbas

| writer = Khwaja Ahmad Abbas (screenplay, dialogue),
Bijon Bhattacharya (screenplay),
Krishan Chander (story),

| story = Krishan Chander

| producer = Khwaja Ahmad Abbas,
IPTA Pictures

| starring = Balraj Sahni
Tripti Mitra
Sombhu Mitra

| cinematography = Jamnadas Kapadia

| editing =

| music = Ravi Shankar

| distributor =

| released = {{Film date|1946|08|30|df=yes}}

| runtime = 125 mins

| country = India

| language = Hindustani

}}

File:Usha Dutt and Shombhu Mitra in Dharti Ke Lal.jpg

{{Lang|hi-latn|Dharti Ke Lal}} ({{IPA|hi|'d̪ʱəɾ.t̪iː 'keː 'lɑːl}}; {{translation|Children of the Earth}}) is a 1946 Hindustani film, the first directorial venture of the noted film director Khwaja Ahmad Abbas (K. A. Abbas). It was jointly written by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas and Bijon Bhattacharya, based on plays by Bhattacharya and the story Annadata by Krishan Chander. The film had music by Ravi Shankar, with lyrics by Ali Sardar Jafri, Nemichand Jain, Vamiq, and Prem Dhawan.

The film was based on the Bengal famine of 1943, which killed millions of Bengali people, and was one of the first films in Indian cinema's social-realist movement.{{cite book|last=Rajadhyaksha|first=Ashish|title=Indian Cinema: A Very Short Introduction|date=2016|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780191034770|page=61|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QUq1DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT61|language=en|access-date=3 November 2017|archive-date=30 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830091734/https://books.google.com/books?id=QUq1DAAAQBAJ&pg=PT61|url-status=live}} In 1949, {{Lang|hi-latn|Dharti Ke Lal}} also became the first Indian film to receive widespread distribution in the Soviet Union (USSR),[http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19970530/15050623.html Dharti Ke Lal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908194406/http://www.indianexpress.com/static/sorry/ |date=8 September 2012 }} Indian Express. which led to the country becoming a major overseas market for Indian films.{{cite news|title=With love from India to Russia|url=https://www.rbth.com/articles/2009/10/22/221009_indianfilms.html|work=Russia Beyond|date=22 October 2009|access-date=3 November 2017|archive-date=16 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816062142/https://www.rbth.com/articles/2009/10/22/221009_indianfilms.html|url-status=live}}

Overview

{{Lang|hi-latn|Dharti Ke Lal}} was critically acclaimed for its scathing view of the notorious Bengal famine of 1943, in which millions of Bengalis died. It is considered an important political film as it gives a realistic portrayal of the changing social and economic climate during World War II.

The film uses the plight of a single family caught in this famine, and tells the story of human devastation, and the loss of humanity during the struggle to survive.

During the Bengal famine of 1943, members of the IPTA travelled all over India, performing plays and collecting funds for the survivors of the famine, which destroyed a whole generation of farmer families in Bengal.{{Cite web |url=http://www.islamawareness.net/Asia/India/indian_arts.html |title=Indian arts |access-date=27 September 2007 |archive-date=20 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020044817/http://www.islamawareness.net/Asia/India/indian_arts.html |url-status=live }}

Thus Abbas was deeply influenced by the work of IPTA, and hence based his script upon two of IPTA's plays, Nabanna (Harvest) and Jabanbandi by Bijon Bhattacharya, and the story Annadata by Krishan Chander. Even the cast of the film was mainly actors from IPTA.

The film marked another chapter in the influential new wave in Indian cinema, which focussed on socially relevant themes as in Neecha Nagar (1946), made by Chetan Anand, also scripted by Abbas, and which continued with Bimal Roy's Do Bigha Zamin (1953).

It was the first and perhaps the only film produced by IPTA (Indian People's Theater Association) and remains one of the important Hindi films of that decade. The film marked the screen debut of Zohra Sehgal and also gave actor Balraj Sahni his first important on screen role.[http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/sep/20dinesh.htm Balraj Sahani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019072434/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/sep/20dinesh.htm |date=19 October 2012 }} Rediff.com.

The New York Times called it "...a gritty realistic drama."{{cite web |url=http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/143924/Dharti-Ke-Lal/overview |title=Dharti Ke Lal - Trailer - Cast - Showtimes - NYTimes.com |website=movies.nytimes.com |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430072153/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/143924/Dharti-Ke-Lal/overview |archive-date=30 April 2010 |url-status=dead}}

It proved to be tremendously influential not only to future filmmakers who admired its neorealist-like qualities—but also to intellectuals of India's left-wing.[https://web.archive.org/web/20100430072153/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/143924/Dharti-Ke-Lal/overview Dharti ke Lal Overview] The New York Times

Cast

Tripti Mitra
Sombhu Mitra
Balraj Sahni
Rashid Ahmed
Damayanti Sahni (Balraj Sahni's actual wife)
Rashid Khan
K. N. Singh
David
Zohra Sehgal
Snehaprabha

Notes

References

Dictionary of Films (Berkeley: U. of CA Press, 1977), p. 84.
Vasudev and Lenglet, eds., Indian Cinema Super-bazaar (New Delhi: Vikas, 1978).
Shyamala A. Narayan, The Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 1 1976; vol. 11: pp. 82 – 94.
Amir Ullah Khan and Bibek Debroy, Indian Economic Transition through Bollywood Eyes.