Dhudhuroa language
{{short description|Extinct Australian Aboriginal language}}
{{Use Australian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Dhudhuroa
| altname = Victorian Alpine
| region = North-eastern Victoria, Australia
| ethnicity = Dhudhuroa, Djilamatang, ?Minjambuta
| extinct = Early 20th century
| revived = 2010s
| familycolor = Australian
| fam1 = Pama–Nyungan
| fam2 = Gippsland
| iso3 = ddr
| aiatsis = S44
| glotto = dhud1236
| glottorefname = Dhudhuroa
}}
Dhudhuroa is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of north-eastern Victoria. As it is no longer spoken, Dhudhuroa is primarily known today from written material collected by R. H. Mathews from Neddy Wheeler. It has gone by numerous names, including Dhudhuroa, the Victorian Alpine language, Dyinningmiddhang, Djilamatang, Theddora,Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, volume 75, page 324: It is obvious that the two, the Theddora and the Dhudhuroa, are the same. Theddoramittung, Balangamida, and Tharamirttong. Yaitmathang (Jaitmathang), or Jandangara (Gundanora), was spoken in the same area, but was a dialect of Ngarigu.
Dhudhuroa language is currently undergoing a revival, and is being taught at Bright Secondary College and Wooragee Primary School.{{cite news |last=Jacks |first=Timna |date=10 October 2015 |title=VCE Indigenous language students awaken 'sleeping' Dhudhuroa tongue |url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/vce-indigenous-language-students-awaken-sleeping-dhudhuroa-tongue-20151008-gk4vai.html |newspaper=The Age |access-date=21 June 2019}}
Phonology
= Consonants =
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! |
Plosive
|{{IPA link|b}} |{{IPA link|d̪}} {{angbr|dh}} |{{IPA link|d}} |({{IPA link|ɖ}} {{angbr|rd}}) |{{IPA link|ɟ}} {{angbr|dj}} |{{IPA link|ɡ}} |
---|
Nasal
|{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n̪}} {{angbr|nh}} |{{IPA link|n}} |({{IPA link|ɳ}} {{angbr|rn}}) |{{IPA link|ɲ}} {{angbr|ny}} |{{IPA link|ŋ}} {{angbr|ng}} |
Lateral
| | |{{IPA link|l}} | | | |
Rhotic
| | |{{IPA link|r}} {{angbr|rr}} | | | |
Approximant
|{{IPA link|w}} | | | |{{IPA link|j}} {{angbr|y}} | |
Blake and Reid (2002) suggest that there were possibly two retroflex consonants, but there is not enough evidence for them.{{sfn|Blake|Reid|2002|p=185}}
= Vowels =
Grammar
Nouns are inflected for number, gender and case.
There are three numbers, the singular, dual and plural.{{Sfn|Mathews|1909|pp=278-279}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Sources
- {{cite journal |last1=Blake |first1=Barry J. |first2=Julie |last2=Reid |year=2002 |title=The Dhudhuroa language of northeastern Victoria: a description based on historical sources |journal=Aboriginal History |volume=26 |pages=177–210 |url=https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p73361/pdf/ch0844.pdf |jstor=24046052}}
- {{cite journal |last=Mathews |first=R. H. |year=1909 |title=The Dhudhuroa language of Victoria |journal=American Anthropologist |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=278–284 |doi=10.1525/aa.1909.11.2.02a00100}}
Further reading
- [http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/collections/language_bibs/dhuduroa_dhudhuruwa.pdf Bibliography of Dhuduroa people and language resources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150528111031/http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/collections/language_bibs/dhuduroa_dhudhuruwa.pdf |date=28 May 2015 }}, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
{{Pama–Nyungan languages|East}}
Category:Extinct languages of Victoria (state)
Category:Languages extinct in the 20th century
Category:Australian Aboriginal languages
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