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Dicksonia

{{Short description|Genus of ferns}}

{{distinguish|Dickinsonia}}

{{automatic taxobox

| image = Dicksonia antarctica in Nunniong, Australia.jpg

| image_caption = Dicksonia antarctica

| taxon = Dicksonia

| authority = L'Hér.

| type_species = Dicksonia arborescens

| type_species_authority = L'Hér.

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = See text.

| synonyms=

  • Balantium Kaulfuss

}}

Dicksonia is a genus of tree ferns in the order Cyatheales. It is regarded as related to Cyathea, but is considered to retain more primitive traits, dating back at least to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. The fossil record includes stems, pinnules, and spores.

The genus contains 20–25 species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Chile, St. Helena, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, and the Philippines. New Guinea has the greatest diversity, with five species.

Species of Dicksonia found in cultivation include:

  • D. antarctica, soft tree fern
  • D. fibrosa, woolly tree fern
  • D. squarrosa, rough or slender tree fern

The genus was first described by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle in 1788. The name honors James Dickson, a prominent nurseryman and botanist.Dicksonia antarctica – the soft tree fern. [http://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/interns-2003/dicksonia-antarctica.html Australian National Botanic Gardens]. 2008

Species

Plants of the World Online as of {{as of|2023|January}} recognizes the following species:{{cite web | title=Dicksonia - Plants of the World Online | website=Plants of the World Online | url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30003839-2 | access-date=2023-01-05}}

class="wikitable"
ImageScientific nameDistribution
Dicksonia amorosoana {{small|Lehnert & Coritico}}Philippines (Mindanao)
120pxDicksonia antarctica {{small|Labill.}}, soft tree fern, Tasmanian tree fernAustralia
120pxDicksonia arborescens {{small|L'Hér.}}St. Helena
Dicksonia archboldii {{small|Copel.}}New Guinea
Dicksonia baudouinii {{small|E.Fourn.}}New Caledonia
Dicksonia berteroana {{small|(Colla) Hook.}}Juan Fernández Islands
120pxDicksonia blumei {{small|(Kunze) T.Moore}}Indonesia, Philippines
Dicksonia brackenridgei {{small|Mett.}}Fiji, Samoa
Dicksonia celebica {{small|Lehnert}}Sulawesi.
Dicksonia ceramica {{small|Lehnert}}Maluku (Seram)
120pxDicksonia externa {{small|Skottsb.}}Juan Fernández Islands
120pxDicksonia fibrosa {{small|Colenso}}, woolly tree fern, kuripaka or wheki-pongaNew Zealand
120pxDicksonia grandis {{small|Rosenst.}}New Guinea
Dicksonia herbertii {{small|W.Hill}}Northeastern Queensland, Australia
Dicksonia hieronymi {{small|Brause}}New Guinea
Dicksonia karsteniana {{small|(Klotzsch) T.Moore}}Mexico to Venezuela and Bolivia
Dicksonia lanata {{small|Colenso}}Tuokuro. New Zealand
Dicksonia lanigera {{small|Holttum}}New Guinea
Dicksonia lehnertiana {{small|Noben, F.Giraldo, W.D.Rodr. & A.Tejedor}}Colombia
Dicksonia mollis {{small|Holttum}}Indonesia
Dicksonia munzingeri {{small|Noben & Lehnert}}Solomon Islands to New Caledonia.
Dicksonia perriei {{small|Noben & Lehnert}}New Caledonia
Dicksonia sciurus {{small|C.Chr.}}New Guinea
120pxDicksonia sellowiana {{small|(C.Presl) Hook.}}, xaxim, samambaiuçu (in Portuguese)Southern Mexico through Central America and Northern South America to Bolivia and Uruguay
120pxDicksonia squarrosa {{small|(G.Forst.) Sw.}}, rough tree fern, slender tree fern, New Zealand tree fern, whekiNew Zealand
Dicksonia stuebelii {{small|Hieron.}}Northern Peru
120pxDicksonia thyrsopteroides {{small|Mett.}}New Caledonia
Dicksonia timorensis {{small|Adjie}}Lesser Sunda Islands (Timor)
Dicksonia utteridgei {{small|Lehnert & Cámara-Leret}}New Guinea
120pxDicksonia youngiae {{small|C.Moore ex Baker}}, bristly tree fernAustralia

Phylogeny

Phylogeny of Dicksonia{{cite journal |last1=Nitta |first1=Joel H. |last2=Schuettpelz |first2=Eric |last3=Ramírez-Barahona |first3=Santiago |last4=Iwasaki |first4=Wataru |display-authors=et al. |year=2022 |title=An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=13 |issue= |page= 909768| doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 |pmid= 36092417|pmc= 9449725|bibcode= |doi-access=free}}{{cite web|last1= |first1= |last2= |display-authors=et al. |year=2023 |title=Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL |url=https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html |version=FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256] |access-date=17 August 2023}}

{{Clade | style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=D. squarrosa (Forster 1786) Swartz (New Zealand tree fern)

|2={{clade

|1=D. baudouinii Fournier

|2=D. lanata Colenso (stumpy tree fern)

}}

}}

|2={{clade

|1=D. brackenridgei Mettenius

|2={{clade

|1=D. perriei Noben & Lehnert

|2={{clade

|1=D. munzingeri Noben & Lehnert

|2=D. thyrsopteroides Mettenius

}}

}}

}}

}}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=D. timorensis Adjie

|2={{clade

|1=D. antarctica de Labillardière (Australian soft tree fern)

|2=D. fibrosa Colenso (golden tree fern)

}}

}}

|2={{clade

|1=D. stuebelii Hieronymus

|2={{clade

|1=D. karsteniana (Klotzsch 1847) Moore

|2={{clade

|1=D. navarrensis Christ

|2=D. sellowiana (Presl 1836) Hooker (xaxim)

}}

}}

}}

}}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=D. berteroana (Colla 1836) Hooker

|2={{clade

|1=D. arborescens L'Héritier de Brutelle (Saint Helena tree fern)

|2=D. blumei (Kunze 1848) Moore

}}

}}

|2={{clade

|1={{clade

|1=D. herbertii Hill

|2=D. youngiae Moore ex Baker (Bristly tree fern)

}}

|2={{clade

|1=D. mollis Holttum

|2={{clade

|1=D. hieronymi Brause

|2={{clade

|1=D. lanigera Holttum

|2={{clade

|1=D. grandis Rosenstock

|2={{clade

|1=D. archboldii Copeland

|2=D. sciurus Christensen

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

}}

Other species include:

References

{{Reflist}}

  • Large, M.F. and J.E. Braggins Tree Ferns. Timber Press, Inc. (2004).
  • Lobin, Wolfram. List of the American Dicksonia Species. Scientific Authority of Germany, Bonn 2001.

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20050908055016/http://www.baumfarn.at/treefern/ Community: Care and propagation of Tree ferns] (German/English)
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20151222154135/http://www.forestferns.co.uk/tree-ferns/dicksonia Fern Files: Dicksonia]
  • [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38937/38937-h/38937-h.htm#Dicksonia L'Héritier's original diagnosis of the genus online on Project Gutenberg]

External links

  • {{Commons category-inline|Dicksonia|Dicksonia}}
  • {{Wikispecies-inline|Dicksonia|Dicksonia}}

{{Plant classification}}

{{Fern classification}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q133239}}

{{-}}

Category:Dicksoniaceae

Category:Fern genera

Category:Ferns of Africa

Category:Ferns of Oceania

Category:Ferns of the Americas

Category:Jurassic plants

Category:Extant Jurassic first appearances

{{Cyatheales-stub}}

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