Diego Ladrón de Guevara

{{Short description|Viceroy of Peru (1710–1716) and Catholic bishop}}

{{Infobox Christian leader

| type =

| honorific-prefix = Most Reverend

| name = Diego Ladrón de Guevara

| title = Bishop of Quito

| image = Diego Ladrón de Guevara.jpg

| alt =

| caption =

| church = Catholic Church

| archdiocese = Bishop of Quito

| diocese =

| see =

| term = 1704–1717

| predecessor = Sancho de Andrade de Figueroa

| successor = Luis Francisco Romero

| ordination =

| ordained_by =

| consecration = 1689

| consecrated_by = Miguel Antonio de Benavides y Piedrola

| rank =

| birth_date = 1640

| birth_place = Sigüenza, Spain

| death_date = 9 November 1718

| death_place = Mexico City, Mexico

| previous_post = Bishop of Panamá (1689–1699)
Bishop of Ayacucho o Huamanga (1699–1704)

| nationality = Spanish

}}

Doctor Diego Ladrón de Guevara Orozco Calderón (1641 in Cifuentes, Spain – September 9, 1718) was a Roman Catholic bishop and Spanish colonial administrator. From August 30, 1710, to March 2, 1716, he was viceroy of Peru.

Before his term as viceroy

He studied theology at the University of Alcalá de Henares, where he was later professor of law. He also taught at the University of Sigüenza.

In 1689 he was appointed bishop of Panama{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/hierarchiacathol05eubeuoft#page/304/mode/2up|last1=Ritzler|first1=Remigius|last2=Sefrin|first2=Pirminus|title=Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi |volume= V|pages=305|date=1952|publisher=Messagero di S. Antonio|location=Patavii}} (in Latin) and consecrated by Miguel Antonio de Benavides y Piedrola, Bishop of Cartagena.{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/hierarchiacathol05eubeuoft|last1=Ritzler|first1=Remigius|last2=Sefrin|first2=Pirminus|title=HIERARCHIA CATHOLICA MEDII ET RECENTIORIS AEVI Vol V|pages=215, 305, and 326|date=1952|publisher=Messagero di S. Antonio|location=Patavii}} (in Latin){{cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|title=Bishop Diego Ladrón de Guevara |website=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bladron.html|access-date=June 16, 2018}} Wikipedia:SPS then in the Viceroyalty of Peru. That year he was jailed by order of Governor and Captain General José de Guzmán y Ávalos, with whom he had personal differences. In 1695 he added the additional responsibility of president of the Audiencia of Panama.

He served in Panama until 1699, when he was named bishop of Ayacucho (or Huamanga) in what is still Peru. He opened the University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga (founded in 1677) there, and was its first rector. This university was opposed by the older University of San Marcos. In 1703 he was appointed bishop of Quito (also in the Viceroyalty of Peru), where he served until his resignation in 1710 to take up the position of viceroy.

His administration

He replaced Miguel Núñez de Sanabria, president of the Audiencia of Lima, who had been serving as viceroy in an interim capacity. Ladrón de Guevara had been named in the sealed instructions brought by the previous viceroy, Manuel de Oms y de Santa Pau as the successor in the event of Oms's death.

As viceroy, he increased the production of silver in the mines of Potosí, and stimulated production in other mines at San Nicolás, Cajatambo and Huancavelica. He limited the manufacture of aguardiente from sugar cane to authorized factories, which he taxed heavily. He had to take measures against the threat of privateers, in spite of the signing of the Peace of Utrecht in 1713, and against an uprising of slaves at the hacienda of Huachipa de Lima.

He approved the reconstruction of the cathedral of Lima, and the construction of some other churches, including La Buena Muerte and the convent of Mínimos de San Francisco de Paula. He established a chair of anatomy at the University of San Marcos. The Peace of Utrecht allowed the British to send ships and merchandise to the fair at Portobello.

After his term as viceroy

He was denounced in the royal courts for embezzlement, and removed from office in 1716. He was replaced on an interim basis by Mateo de la Mata Ponce de León, president of the Audiencia of Lima. Ladrón de Guevara went to New Spain. Before his death there, he arranged that the remains of his relative, Diego Landa Calderón, former bishop of Yucatán, be returned to Spain. He died on September 9, 1718, in Mexico City and was buried in the cathedral there.

References

External links and additional sources

{{Cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|title=Archdiocese of Panamá |website=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dpana.html |access-date=March 25, 2018}} (for Chronology of Bishops) Wikipedia:SPS
{{Cite web|last=Chow |first=Gabriel|title=Metropolitan Archdiocese of Panamá |website=GCatholic.org|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/pana0.htm |access-date=March 25, 2018}} (for Chronology of Bishops) Wikipedia:SPS
{{cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|title=Archdiocese of Ayacucho|website=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dayac.html |access-date=March 25, 2018}} (for Chronology of Bishops) Wikipedia:SPS
{{Cite web|last=Chow |first=Gabriel|title=Metropolitan Archdiocese of Ayacucho |publisher=GCatholic.org|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/ayac0.htm |access-date=March 25, 2018}} (for Chronology of Bishops) Wikipedia:SPS
{{cite web|last=Cheney |first=David M.|title=Archdiocese of Quito|website=Catholic-Hierarchy.org|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dquit.html|access-date=March 25, 2018}} (for Chronology of Bishops) Wikipedia:SPS
{{Cite web|last=Chow |first=Gabriel|title=Metropolitan Archdiocese of Quito|publisher=GCatholic.org|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/quit0.htm |access-date=March 25, 2018}} (for Chronology of Bishops) Wikipedia:SPS

External links

{{in lang|es}} [http://www.centrocisneros.uah.es/galpersons.asp?pag=personajes&id=240 Brief biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030523051120/http://www.centrocisneros.uah.es/galpersons.asp?pag=personajes&id=240 |date=2003-05-23 }}
{{in lang|es}} [http://cvc.cervantes.es/actcult/ciudades/alcala_henares/fichas/ladron.htm Short biography]
{{in lang|es}} [http://peruborbon.blogspot.com/2005/08/el-virreinato-del-per-en-e_112299799273204465.html Some details] of his administration
[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bladron.html Information] at Catholic Hierarchy
{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20061023151601/http://universia.edu.pe/contenidos/universidad/institucionales/historia/educauniv.pdf University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga] (.pdf document)

{{succession box

| title=Royal Governor of Panama

| before=Pedro José de Guzmán

| after={{nowrap|Pedro Luis Henríquez de Guzmán}}

| years=1695–1696}}

{{succession box

| title=Viceroy of Peru

| before = Miguel Núñez de Sanabria

| after = Mateo de la Mata

| years=1710–1716}}

{{succession box

|title = Bishop of Panamá