Digital civics

Digital civics has arisen from concerns regarding the challenges faced by individuals and society in the digital age. As science and technology have advanced, so too, has human understanding of their place in the world. This has altered the way people interact with one another and the broader context in which they exist. Digital civics respond to these challenges by formulating a robust foundation upon which initiatives into digital citizenship and digital citizen engagement can be developed.

Researcher Estelle Clements defines digital civics as "the study of the rights and responsibilities of citizens who inhabit the info-sphere and access the world digitally."{{Cite journal |last=Estelle |first=Clements |date=2017 |title=Digital Civics in Pedagogy: A Response to the Challenges of Digital Convergence in the Educational Environment |url=https://arrow.dit.ie/appadoc/88/ |journal=Arrow@dit |language=en |doi=10.21427/D7J45F}}{{Cite journal|last=Clements|first=Estelle|date=2019|title=A conceptual framework for digital civics pedagogy informed by the philosophy of information|journal=Journal of Documentation|volume=76|issue=2|pages=571–585|doi=10.1108/JD-07-2019-0139|issn=0022-0418}} Clements, who was a doctoral researcher at the Dublin Institute of Technology, first put forward this definition in 2010 as part of an educational project done in conjunction with the Dublin City Public Libraries and Archive. The goal of their project was to teach about life in the online world.

According to Clements this definition meets three objectives:{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=What is Digital Civics |url=http://digitalcivics.org/about/ |website=digitalcivics.org}}

1. It promotes an understanding of the environment where civic actions take place.
2. It acknowledges the information philosophy that underpins this environment.
3. It endorses the policy discourse that addresses the basic rights and ethical responsibilities of citizens.

Other conceptions of digital civics are still emerging. Newcastle University has suggested that Digital Civics is about "Digital technologies and citizen-driven design."{{Cite web|url=https://digitalcivics.io/about/|title=About|website=digitalcivics.io|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-26}}

Numerous scholars have suggested that the Philosophy of Information is the most logical course to underpin policy and project work for life in the digital age.{{Cite book|title=Digital Media Ethics.|last=Ess|first=Charles|publisher=Polity Press|year=2009|location=Cambridge}}{{Cite journal|last=Floridi|first=Luciano|date=2009|title=The Information Society and its Philosophy|journal=The Information Society|volume=25|issue=3|pages=153–158|doi=10.1080/01972240902848583|hdl=2299/4861|s2cid=8368085|hdl-access=free}} The Information Philosopher Luciano Floridi has played a critical role in the success of such work, particularly in exploration of Information Society, European Policy, and the European Commission's Onlife initiative.{{Cite book|url=https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319040929|title=The Onlife Manifesto: Being Human in a Hyperconnected Era |date=16 November 2014 |editor=Luciano Floridi |publisher=Springer |language=en |isbn=978-3-319-04093-6}}

Clements identifies four underlying pillars that contribute to a robust digital civics{{Cite journal |last=Clements |first=Estelle |date=2019 |title=A conceptual framework for digital civics pedagogy informed by the philosophy of information |journal=Journal of Documentation |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=571–585 |doi=10.1108/JD-07-2019-0139 |issn=0022-0418}} as well as five key concepts in which digital civics is grounded.

1. Philosophy (specifically the Philosophy of Information), as described by Luciano Floridi){{Cite journal|last=Luciano|first=Floridi|date=2002|title=What is the philosophy of information|journal=Metaphilosophy|volume=33}}
2. History (drawing from Media Ecology and Classical scholarship)
3. Ethics (particularly Virtue Ethics)
4. Civics (including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as a conjoining of the public and private personas called Hybrid selves).{{Cite journal|last=Ess|first=Charles|date=2010|title=The Embodied Self in a Digital Age: Possibilities, Risks, and Prospects for a Pluralistic (democratic/liberal) Future?|journal=Nordicom Information|volume=32|issue=2}}

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1. It acknowledges the transformations in human life and our world brought about by new scientific breakthroughs and technological developments, and the impact these changes have on how we behave.
2. It recognises the importance of responding to these changes in ethical and intellectually rigorous ways.
3. It appreciates that we have a long historical tradition from which to draw when addressing these challenges.
4. It acknowledges the informational nature of reality.
5. It recognise the importance of the rule of law and rights based on an entity's information state.

In considering the ethical issues that arise from digital age civic issues, numerous scholars have suggested that such ethical initiatives should use virtue ethics as a basis for a shared global information ethics: namely, Charles Ess,{{Cite journal|last=Charles|first=Ess|date=2010|title=Trust and New Communications Technologies: Vicious Circles, Virtuous Circles, Possible Futures.|journal=Knowledge, Technology & Policy|volume=23|issue=3–4|pages=287–305|doi=10.1007/s12130-010-9114-8|s2cid=144007226}} Shannon Vallor,{{Cite book|title=Technology and the Virtues: A philosophical guide to a future worth wanting.|last=Vallor|first=Shannon|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016}} and Richard Volkman{{Cite journal|last=Volkman|first=Richard|date=2010|title=Why Information Ethics must begin with Virtue Ethics|journal=Metaphilosophy|volume=41|issue=3|pages=380–401|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9973.2010.01638.x|url=https://philarchive.org/rec/VOLWIE }} (2010). In her doctoral work on digital civics pedagogy, Clements suggests that her findings were compatible with a framework of virtue ethics. However, the information philosopher Luciano Floridi asserts that a global information ethics cannot be built upon virtue ethics, because virtue ethics is "intrinsically egopoeitic,"{{Cite book|title=The Ethics of Information|last=Floridi|first=Luciano|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|location=Oxford, UK|pages=164}} and thus does not take into account responsibilities owed to the surrounding community or environment.{{Cite book|title=The Cambridge handbook of information and computer ethics|last=Floridi|first=Luciano|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2010|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=15}} To date, this matter is still contested.

In 2010, the first pedagogical program for digital civics was started by the Oscar Wilde Facebook Laboratory. It was a collaboration between the Dublin City Public Libraries and Archive and the Dublin Institute of Technology's Estelle Clements. A global team of researchers and educators created a multi-platform (online and offline) learning environment to teach students and the public about digital civics. The project formed the basis of Clements' doctoral work, which formulated a Model for Digital Civics in pedagogy. At the time, Clements was particularly concerned that new digital citizenship initiatives were not considering the necessary underlying philosophical and ethical issues raised by the digital age and sought to provide a robust foundation to solve this problem.

In 2014, Newcastle University, launched a program to teach digital civics to postgraduate students at their Open Lab. The program research concentrates on "exploring how digital technologies can empower citizens and communities"{{Cite web|url=https://digitalcivics.io/|title=Digital Civics at Open Lab|website=digitalcivics.io|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-26}} and "trains doctoral students in the design, deployment and evaluation of community-driven digital technologies and services."{{Cite web|url=https://digitalcivics.io/apply/|title=Centre for Doctoral Training in Digital Civics|website=digitalcivics.io|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-26}}

In 2018, The MacArthur Research Network on Youth and Participatory Politics (YPP) released a digital civics toolkit described as: "a collection of resources for educators to support youth to explore, recognize, and take seriously the civic potentials of digital life."{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitalcivicstoolkit.org/|title=Digital Civics Toolkit}} The toolkit draws heavily from digital media literacy, focusing on five modules: Exploring Community Issues, Investigation, Dialogue, Voice, and Action".

• Clements, E. (2023), "Exploring Digital Civics: a Framework of Key Concepts to Guide Digital Civics Initiatives", Philosophy & Technology, 36, 21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00614-x
• Clements, E. (2019), "A conceptual framework for digital civics pedagogy informed by the philosophy of information", Journal of Documentation, Vol. 76 No. 2, pp. 571-585. https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-07-2019-0139
• Clements, E. (2017). Digital Civics in Pedagogy: A response to the challenges of digital convergence in the educational environment (unpublished doctoral thesis). Dublin Institute of Technology.

• Floridi, L. (2014). The Fourth Revolution: How the infosphere is reshaping human reality. Oxford University Press.

• Floridi, L. (2013). The Ethics of Information. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

• Floridi, L. (2007). A look into the future impact of ICT on our lives. The Information Society, (23)1, 59-64.

• Ess, C. (2010). The Embodied Self in a Digital Age: Possibilities, Risks, and Prospects for a Pluralistic (democratic/liberal) Future? Nordicom Information, 32(2).

• Ulansey, D. (2000). Culture Transition and Spiritual Transformation: From Alexander the Great to Cyberspace. In Singer, T. (ed.) The Vision Thing: Myth, Politics, and Psyche in the World. London & New York, Routledge, 213-31.

{{reflist}}

• Digital Civics hosted by Estelle Clements: https://www.digitalcivics.org
• European Commission. The Onlife Initiative: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/onlife-initiative
• Luciano Floridi’s Website: http://www.philosophyofinformation.net/
• MacArthur Foundation Digital Civics Toolkit: https://www.digitalcivicstoolkit.org/
• Newcastle University Open Lab Program on Digital Civics: https://digitalcivics.io/

Category:Active citizenship