Dimitri Mitropoulos

{{Infobox person

| name = Dimitri Mitropoulos
Δημήτρης Μητρόπουλος

| image = Dimitri mitropoulos 1944.jpg|

| caption = Mitropoulos in early 1944

| birth_name = Dimitris Mitropoulos

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1896|2|18|df=y}}

| birth_place = Athens, Greece

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1960|11|2|1896|2|18|df=y}}

| death_place = Milan, Italy

| occupation = Conductor, pianist, composer

| notable_works =

| known_for = Conductor of the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Metropolitan Opera, Vienna State Opera

| resting_place = First Cemetery of Athens

| awards =

| spouse =

| children =

}}

Dimitri Mitropoulos ({{langx|el|Δημήτρης Μητρόπουλος}}; {{OldStyleDate|1 March|1896|18 February}}The dates 18 February 1896 and 1 March 1896 both appear in the literature. Many of Mitropoulos's early interviews and program notes gave 18 February. In his later interviews, however, the conductor said he was born on 1 March, and most American sources also show this birthdate. The reason for the different dates is that Greece was still using the Julian calendar in 1896, and did not adopt the Gregorian calendar until 1923, when Mitropulos was 27. By then, the calendars were 13 days apart, but in 1896 they were only 12 days apart. The date 18 February 1896 under the Julian calendar corresponded to 1 March 1896 in the Gregorian. The earlier sources used the original Julian calendar date, and the later sources used the equivalent Gregorian date. – 2 November 1960) was a Greek and American conductor, pianist, and composer.{{Cite book |last=Hill |first=Brad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9rKsR6NeulcC&pg=PA156 |title=Classical |date=2005 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-0-8160-6976-7 |pages=156 |language=en}}

Life and career

Mitropoulos was born in Athens, the son of Yannis and Angelikē (Angeliki) Mitropoulos. His father owned a leather goods shop in downtown Athens. He was musically precocious, demonstrating his abilities at an early age. From the ages of eleven to fourteen, when Mitropoulos was in secondary school, he would host and preside over informal musical gatherings at his house every Saturday afternoon. His earliest acknowledged composition – a sonata for violin and piano, now lost – dates from this period. His opera Soeur Béatrice, based on the play by Maurice Maeterlinck, premiered in 1919.

He studied music at the Athens Conservatoire as well as in Brussels and Berlin, with Ferruccio Busoni among his teachers.{{Cite web |title=Dimitri Mitropoulos {{!}} Greek conductor {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dimitri-Mitropoulos |access-date=3 March 2023 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}} In 1921 he conducted the inaugural music of the Bavarian Socialist Republic. From 1921 to 1925 he assisted Erich Kleiber at the Berlin State Opera and then took a number of posts in Greece. At a 1930 concert with the Berlin Philharmonic, finding that his soloist was sick, he played the solo part of Prokofiev's Piano Concerto No. 3 and conducted the orchestra from the keyboard, becoming one of the first to do so.{{cite book |last1=Lebrecht |first1=Norman |title=The Maestro Myth |url=https://archive.org/details/maestromythgreat00lebr |url-access=registration |date=1992 |publisher=Birch Lane Press (Carol Publishing Group) |location=New York |isbn=1-55972-108-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/maestromythgreat00lebr/page/259 259]}}

= United States =

Mitropoulos made his U.S. debut in 1936 with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and he later settled in the country, becoming a citizen in 1946. From 1937 to 1949 he served as principal conductor of the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra (forerunner of today's Minnesota Orchestra).{{Cite web |title=The Legacy of Minnesota Orchestra Music Directors - Minnesota Orchestra |url=https://www.minnesotaorchestra.org/stories/a-look-back-the-legacy-of-minnesota-orchestra-music-directors/ |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=minnesotaorchestra.org }}

{{external media|float=right|width=250px|audio1=Mitropoulos conducting Prokofiev's Lieutenant Kijé Suite, Op. 60 with the New York Philharmonic in 1956, [https://archive.org/details/PROKOFIEVLieutenantKijeSuite-Mitropoulos/03.+III.+Kij%C3%A9's+Wedding+(Allegro).mp3 on archive.org]|audio2=Mitropoulos conducting his orchestral transcription of J.S. Bach's Great Fantasia and Fugue in G minor, BWV 542 with the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra in 1942, [https://archive.org/details/J.S.BACH-OrchestralTranscriptions-NEWTRANSFER/19.Bach-mitropoulos-FantasiaAndFugueInGMinor.mp3, on archive.org]}}

In 1949 Mitropoulos began his association with the New York Philharmonic. He was initially co-conductor with Leopold Stokowski and became the sole music director in 1951. Mitropoulos recorded extensively with the Philharmonic for Columbia Records and sought to reach new audiences in the city through appearances on television and by conducting performances at the Roxy Theatre, a popular movie theatre in 1950–51.{{Cite web |title=Dimitri Mitropoulous {{!}} Music Director, 1949–58 |url=https://www.nyphil.org/about-us/artists/dimitri-mitropoulous/ |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=www.nyphil.org }} He expanded the Philharmonic's repertoire, commissioning works by new composers and championing the symphonies of Gustav Mahler. In 1955, Philharmonic's performance under Mitropoulos at the Odeon of Herodes Atticus was the main event of the inaugural edition of Athens Festival.{{Cite web |last=greekfestival |title=History |url=https://aefestival.gr/history/?lang=en |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=Athens Epidaurus Festival }} In 1957, he conducted the Brass Ensemble Of The Jazz And Classical Music Society in an early foray into Third stream.{{cite AV media |first2=Dimitri | last2 = Mitropoulos|last1=Schuller |first1=Gunther |author1-link=Gunther Schuller |date=1957 |title= Brass Ensemble Of The Jazz And Classical Music Society – Music For Brass|url= https://www.discogs.com/master/699485-Brass-Ensemble-Of-The-Jazz-And-Classical-Music-Society-Music-For-Brass |format= LP record |work= |type=|language= |location= New York City|publisher=Columbia Records |access-date=4 June 2025}}{{cite web |last1=Avakian |first1=George |author1-link = George Avakian |others = From "Third Stream Music - From Three Perspectives - Part 2" by Steven Cerra|title=1956 -1996: A Fond Reminescence |url=https://jazzprofiles.blogspot.com/2017/11/third-stream-music-from-three_4.html |website=Jazz Profiles |publisher=Blogger (service) |access-date=5 June 2025}} In 1958, he was succeeded as the Philharmonic's conductor by a protégé, Leonard Bernstein. In January 1960, he guest conducted the Philharmonic in a performance of Mahler's Fifth Symphony, which was recorded.

= Work in opera =

In addition to his orchestral career, Mitropoulos conducted opera extensively in Italy, and from 1954 until his death in 1960 was the principal conductor of the Metropolitan Opera in New York, although the Met never had an official 'principal conductor' title until the 1970s. His musically incisive and dramatically vivid performances of Puccini, Verdi, Richard Strauss and others remain models of the opera conductor's art. The Met's extensive archive of recorded broadcasts preserves many of these fine performances.

Mitropoulos's series of recordings for Columbia Records with the New York Philharmonic included a rare complete performance of Alban Berg's Wozzeck. Many of these have been reissued by Sony Classics on CD, including most recently his stereo recordings of excerpts from Prokofiev's Romeo and Juliet. He recorded with the Minneapolis Symphony for RCA Victor during the 78-rpm era. He was also represented on the Cetra Records label, most notably with an early recording of Richard Strauss's Elektra.

Mitropoulos premiered many contemporary works. Examples include the American premieres of Shostakovich's Tenth Symphony (1954) and First Violin Concerto (1956) and the world premieres of Barber's Vanessa (1958), Ernst Krenek's Fourth Symphony (1947), and John J. Becker's Short Symphony (1950).

=Personal life=

Mitropoulos was noted for having an eidetic memory (which enabled him to conduct without a score, even during rehearsals) and for his monk-like life style due to his deeply religious, Greek Orthodox beliefs.

Mitropoulos was "quietly known to be homosexual" and "felt no need for a cosmetic marriage".{{citation |title=Classical Music In America: A History Of Its Rise And Fall |first=Joseph |last=Horowitz |year=2005 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |isbn=0-393-05717-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/classicalmusicin00jose/page/323 323] |url=https://archive.org/details/classicalmusicin00jose/page/323 }} Among his relationships reportedly was one with a young Leonard Bernstein. Mitropoulos was a close friend and mentor to William Bast.{{Cite book |last=Bast |first=William |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jSPuAAAAMAAJ |title=Surviving James Dean |date=2006 |publisher=Barricade Books |isbn=978-1-56980-298-4 |page=275 |language=en}}

Mitropoulos died in Milan, Italy at the age of 64 of heart failure, while rehearsing Mahler's Third Symphony at the La Scala Opera House. One of his last recorded performances was Verdi's La forza del destino with Giuseppe Di Stefano, Antonietta Stella and Ettore Bastianini in Vienna on 23 September 1960.{{Cite book |last=Philharmonic |first=New York |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1tkEAAAAMAAJ |title=Programs |date=1956 |publisher=Philharmonic-Symphony Society of New York. |pages=7 |quote=Vienna - Mitropoulos brings excitement to Puccini the most fascinating operatic event in many years - Dimitri Mitropoulos, conductor of the New York Philharmonic-Symphony, conducted for the first time a performance of the Vienna State Opera, and this festive performance was, without exaggeration, the most fascinating evening of musical theatre that we have heard in many years at the Opera.}} On 31 October 1960, two days before his death, Mitropoulos conducted Mahler's Third Symphony with the Cologne Radio Symphony Orchestra. The performance was recorded and later issued commercially.{{Cite web |last=Quinn |first=John |date=11 October 2011 |title=Review |url=https://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2011/Oct11/Mahler3_Mitropoulos_ICAC5021.htm |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603040707/http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2011/Oct11/Mahler3_Mitropoulos_ICAC5021.htm |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=MusicWeb International }}

{{external media|float=right|width=250px|audio1=Mitropoulos conducting Kodály's Háry János Suite with the New York Philharmonic in 1953 [https://archive.org/details/KodlyHryJnosSuite/03.Iii.Song.mp3 On archive.org]}}

References

Arfanis, Stathis A. The Complete Discography of Dimitri Mitropoulos. Athens: Irinna S.A., 1990. {{ISBN|960-7110-00-5}}.
Mitropoulos, Dimitri, and Katsoyanis, Katy: A Correspondence, 1930–1960. New York: Martin Dale, 1973. Introductions by Louis Biancolli and Katy Katsoyanis. LC Number 73075338.
Trotter, William R. Priest of Music: The Life of Dimitri Mitropoulos. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1995. {{ISBN|0-931340-81-0}}.
{{citation |url=http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,891838,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050225091334/http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,891838,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 February 2005 |title=Baton for Bernstein |magazine=Time |date=25 November 1957 |access-date=17 November 2007}}
Alessandro Zignani, Dimitri Mitropoulos. Una luce che incatena il cielo, 2008, Zecchini Editore, pagg. 240 con discografia, {{ISBN|88-87203-67-9}}

Resources

Finding aid to the [http://hdl.library.upenn.edu/1017/d/ead/upenn_rbml_MsColl1017 Oliver Daniel research collection on Dimitri Mitropoulos] at the [http://www.library.upenn.edu/ University of Pennsylvania Libraries]
[http://www.stanford.edu/~ichriss/Mitropoulos.htm Dimitri Mitropoulos] (Stanford University)
[https://hellenic-music-lab.music.uoa.gr/dimitri-mitropoulos/en/ Dimitri Mitropoulos] (University of Athens)

Category:1896 births

Category:1960 deaths

Category:20th-century classical composers

Category:20th-century classical pianists

Category:20th-century conductors (music)

Category:20th-century American people of Greek descent

Category:20th-century Greek musicians

Category:Burials at the First Cemetery of Athens

Category:Conductors (music) who died while conducting

Category:Gay Christians

Category:Gay composers

Category:Greek classical composers