Dipteris

Species of Dipteris grow from creeping rhizomes,F. O. Bower {{google books|KM-CtmH_7ysC|The Ferns (Filicales): Volume 2, The Eusporangiatae and Other ..., Volume 2|page=315}} and have large stalks to the sporangium and annulus. The rhizomes have bristles (or hairs) and the fronds have uniseriate hairs (having one line or series). All species of Dipteris have spore-capsules that are carried on the lower surface of the broad lobed frond.A. C. Seward {{google books|a96jZlCGaTQC|Links with the Past in the Plant World|page=93}} The fronds can reach up to 50 cm long.

Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt first published the genus in 1825,{{cite web| title=FOC Vol. 2-3 Page 4, 116| url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=110503|publisher=efloras.org|access-date=1 September 2017}} by describing Dipteris conjugata Reinw.{{cite journal|last1=Seward|first1=A. C.|last2=Dale|first2=Elizabeth|title=On the Structure and Affinities of Dipteris, with Notes on the Geological History of the Dipteridinae|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B|date=1901|volume=194|issue=194–206|pages=487–513|doi=10.1098/rstb.1901.0011|doi-access=free}} which is the best known species.{{cite web|title=Taxon: Dipteris conjugata Reinw.|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=14383|publisher=npgsweb.ars-grin.gov|access-date=2 September 2017}}

In 1839, R. Brown reduced the genus to a subgenus of Polypodium.{{google books|N3wyAQAAMAAJ|Annals of Natural History, Volume 2|page=215}} In 1901, Konrad Christ published Die Farnkrauter der Erde't, within which he included the genus Dipteris in the family Polypodiaceae, (a subdivision of the Polypodiacea). It was then later placed into a separate genus,A. C. Seward {{google books|vwZcsLipzqYC|Fossil Plants: A Text-Book for Students of Botany and Geology|page=298}} Bower (1928), Ching (1940) and Pichi-Sermolli (1958) all having recreated the family Dipteridaceae, then comprising only one genus, Dipteris,Indian Botanical Society, Memoirs, Issue 4, page 9, 1963 due to the differences in sporangium, stomata and gametophyte.Peter H. Hovenkamp {{google books|Cg4VAAAAIAAJ|A Monograph of the Fern Genus Pyrrosia: Polypodiaceae|page=102}}

The Latin genus name Dipteris refers to an amalgamation of two terms: di meaning two, and pteris Greek word used for ferns generally, meaning wing-like.D. Gledhill {{Google books|NJ6PyhVuecwC|The Names of Plants|page=319}}

{{cladogram|title=Phylogeny of Dipteris{{cite journal |last1=Nitta |first1=Joel H. |last2=Schuettpelz |first2=Eric |last3=Ramírez-Barahona |first3=Santiago |last4=Iwasaki |first4=Wataru |display-authors=et al. |year=2022 |title=An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=13 |issue= |page= 909768| doi=10.3389/fpls.2022.909768 |pmid= 36092417|pmc= 9449725|bibcode= |doi-access=free}}{{cite web|last1= |first1= |last2= |display-authors=et al. |year=2023 |title=Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL |url=https://fernphy.github.io/viewer.html |version=FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256] |access-date=17 August 2023}}|

{{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80%;width:300px

|1={{Clade

|1={{Clade

|1=D. lobbiana (Hooker) Moore

|2=D. wallichii (Brown ex Wallich 1828) Moore

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|2={{Clade

|1=D. conjugata Reinwardt

|2={{Clade

|1=D. chinensis Christ

|2=D. shenzhenensis Yan & Wei 2021

}}

}}

}}

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{{As of|2019|October}}, Plants of the World Online and the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World recognized seven species:{{Citation |mode=cs1 |last1=Hassler |first1=Michael |last2=Schmitt |first2=Bernd |date=June 2019 |contribution=Dipteris |title=Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World |volume=8 |issue=2 |url=https://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |name-list-style=amp |archive-date=2017-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902225743/http://worldplants.webarchiv.kit.edu/ferns/ |url-status=dead }}{{citation |title=Dipteris Reinw. |work=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30486233-2 |access-date=2019-10-04 }}

• Dipteris chinensis Christ – Tropical Asia and Australasia
• Dipteris conjugata Reinw. – Indochina to Australia (Queensland), and some islands in the Pacific Ocean
• Dipteris lobbiana (Hook.) T. Moore – Cuba, Hispaniola
• Dipteris nieuwenhuisii Christ
• Dipteris novoguineensis Posth.
• Dipteris papilioniformis Kjellb.
• Dipteris wallichii (R. Br.) T. Moore – India, Cuba, Hispaniola

Dipteris polyphyllus, a species from New Guinea has not been fully accepted as a species.{{cite web|title=Dipteris polyphyllus|url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/5961/i-Dipteris-polyphyllus-i/Details|access-date=6 September 2017}}

Many species are found in Malaysia, Philippines, Samoa and New Guinea, growing beside Matonia (another fern species). Most of the species grow on rocks, exposed places, clearings and in thickets.K.U. Kramer, Klaus Kubitzki, P.S. Green (Editors) {{google books|8_FxJfTifF4C|Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms|page=101}}

The genus has been found to have been widely distributed during the Jurassic period,R.D. Preton and H.W. Woolhouse {{google books|JMZ7tN-OhuAC|Advances in Botanical Research, Volume 4|page=310}} of the Mesozoic Era when much of the genus was widely distributed around Europe. Such fossils have been found in England, Germany, France, Belgium, Austria, Switzerland, Bornholm (island), Greenland, and Poland.{{cite journal|last1=Seward|first1=A. C.|last2=Dale|first2=Elizabeth|title=On the Structure and Affinities of Dipteris, with Notes on the Geological History of the Dipteridinae|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London|date=1901|volume=68|issue=442–450|pages=373–374|doi=10.1098/rspl.1901.0061|s2cid=186208132}}

{{Reflist}}

• Douglas Houghton Campbell, The Evolution of the Land Plants (Embryophyta), 1940
• Anil Kumar, Botany for Degree Pteridophyta, 2006
• Sir Arthur George Tansley, The New Phytologist, 1956

• http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=3&taxon_id=110503 Flora of China

{{Commons category|Dipteris}}

{{Plant classification}}

{{Fern classification}}

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Category:Gleicheniales

Category:Fern genera