Dirva
{{Short description|Lithuanian-language newspaper in the United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Dirva
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| owner = Apolonas B. Bartusevicius (Bartoszewicz)
Kazys S. Karpius
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| publisher = Ohio Lithuanian Publishing Company
American Lithuanian Press & Radio Association "Viltis"
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| editor = Vincas K. Jokubynas, then Kazys S. Karpius (Karpavicius)
| foundation = {{start date and age|1916|8|28}}
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| language = Lithuanian
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| publishing_city = Cleveland, Ohio
| publishing_country = United States
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| ISSN = 2641-0060
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Dirva ({{translation|field}}) is a Lithuanian-language weekly newspaper of Cleveland, Ohio established in 1916.
{{cite web| title = Dirva = Field (Cleveland, Ohio) 1915-Current| publisher = Library of Congress| url = https://www.loc.gov/item/sn83035604/| date = | access-date = 28 January 2022}}{{cite web| url = https://case.edu/ech/articles/d/dirva | publisher = Encyclopedia of Cleveland History| title = Dirva| date = | access-date = 28 January 2022}}
History
The paper started as Santaika ("Peace") on November 25, 1915 and was renamed as Dirva ("Field") on August 28, 1916.{{cite journal |first=Rasa |last=Liškauskaitė |title="Dirvos" kelias |pages=12–13 |url=http://www.plbe.org/plietuvis/Archyvas/2010/10%2006www.pdf |date=June–July 2010 |volume=486-487 |issn= 1732-0135 |journal=Pasaulio lietuvis |language=lt}} In 1920, Dirva was the only Lithuanian newspaper in Cleveland. Dirva circulated to other cities, particularly Pittsburgh and Detroit, and other states with Lithuanian American communities (Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Michigan).
Initially, Dirva was published by the Ohio Lithuanian Publishing Company, run by businessman Apolonas B. Bartuševičius (Bartoszewicz).{{cite journal |url=http://www.spauda.org/dirva/archive/n1990/1990-10-04-DIRVA.pdf |title=A. B. Bartuševičius |page=13 |journal=Dirva |volume= LXXV |date=October 4, 1990 |issue=37 |language=lt}} In 1925, newspaper's editor Kazys S. Karpius (Karpavicius) gained a controlling interest in the newspaper. During World War II, owner-editor Karpius maintained a centrist position as both anti-fascist and anti-communist. The newspaper generally published local, national, and international news especially if related to Lithuania or Lithuanians. It also published other items, including announcements, movie reviews, union news, excerpts from fiction, and articles about authors.
In 1952, the publishing of Dirva was taken over by the non-profit American Lithuanian Press & Radio Association "Viltis". On 30 July 1975, the printing press of Dirva burned down together with equipment and archives. However, the newspaper was quickly reestablished.
As more Lithuanians arrived to United States from displaced persons camps in post-World War II Europe, Dirva was able to increase its circulation from weekly to twice a week in 1958–1959 and three times a week in 1960–1968. It reduced its circulation to twice a week in 1968, returning to its original weekly schedule in 1980 and then reducing the circulation to twice a month in 2006. In 1995, its circulation was 3,000 copies per issue.
As of 2022, Dirva remained as one of the last Lithuanian-language American newspapers.
Editors
The newspaper was edited by:{{cite encyclopedia |first=Vytas |last=Urbonas |date=February 18, 2021 |orig-year=2018 |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/dirva-2/ |title="Dirva" |encyclopedia=Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija |publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras |language=lt |access-date=January 30, 2022}}
- Vincas K. Jokubynas – 1916–1917
- Kazys S. Karpius (Karpavičius) – 1918–1948
- Vincas Rastenis – 1948–1950
- Balys Gaidžiūnas – 1951–1962, 1985–1994
- Jonas Čiuberkis – 1962–1968
- Vytautas Gedgaudas – 1968–1985
- Anicetas Bundonis – 1994–1995
- Jonas Jasaitis – 1996–2001
- Editorial board – 2001–2005
- Vytautas Radžius – 2005–2013
- Gediminas Markevičius – since 2014
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://www.spauda.org/dirva-laikrastis/ Full-text archive at spauda.org 1915–2023]
- [https://ndnpohio.ohiohistory.org/newspapers/cleveland-dirva National Digital Newspaper Program]
- [https://www.newspapers.com/paper/dirva-field/22457/ Newspapers.com]
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Category:1916 establishments in Ohio
Category:Newspapers established in 1916
Category:Newspapers published in Cleveland
Category:Lithuanian-language newspapers published in the United States