Disc jockey#Equipment and technique

The term "disc jockey" was ostensibly coined by radio gossip commentator Walter Winchell in 1935 to describe the radio work of Martin Block. The phrase first appeared in print in a 1941 Variety magazine. Originally, the word "disc" in "disc jockey" referred to phonograph or gramophone records and was used to describe radio personalities who introduced them on the air.{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/17/arts/music/17jazz.html?pagewanted=all |title=Museum Acquires Storied Trove of Performances by Jazz Greats |author=Rohter, Larry |date=16 August 2010 |newspaper=New York Times |access-date=30 October 2010}}{{cite web|title=OED Appeals|url=http://public.oed.com/appeals/disc-jockey/|website=oed.com|publisher=Oxford English Dictionary|access-date=19 September 2016}}

"DJ" is used as an all-encompassing term to describe someone who mixes recorded music from any source, including vinyl records, cassettes, CDs, or digital audio files. DJs typically perform for a live audience in a nightclub or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or an online radio audience. DJs also create mixes, remixes, and tracks that are recorded for later sale and distribution. In hip hop music, DJs may create beats, using percussion breaks, basslines, and other musical content sampled from pre-existing records. In hip hop, rappers and MCs use these beats to rap over. Some DJs adopt the title "DJ" as part of their names (e.g., DJ Jazzy Jeff, DJ Qbert, DJ Shadow, and DJ Yoda). Professional DJs often specialize in a specific genre of music, such as techno, house, or hip hop music. DJs typically have extensive knowledge about the music they specialize in. Many DJs are avid music collectors of vintage, rare, or obscure tracks and records.

File:Pete Rock @ The Brookyln Bowl in 2016.jpg performing at Rahzel and Friends – Brooklyn Bowl, 2016]]

Club DJs, commonly referred to as DJs in general, play music at musical events, such as parties at music venues or bars, clubs, music festivals, corporate, and private events. Typically, club DJs mix music recordings from two or more sources using different mixing techniques to produce a non-stopping flow of music. Mixing began with hip hop in the 1970s and would subsequently expand to other genres in especially (but not exclusively) dance music.

One key technique used for seamlessly transitioning from one song to another is beatmatching. A DJ who mostly plays and mixes one specific music genre is often given the title of that genre; for example, a DJ who plays hip hop music is called a hip hop DJ, a DJ who plays house music is a house DJ, a DJ who plays techno is called a techno DJ, and so on.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

The quality of a DJ performance (often called a DJ mix or DJ set) consists of two main features: technical skills, or how well the DJ can operate the equipment and produce smooth transitions between two or more recordings and a playlist; and the ability of a DJ to select the most suitable recordings, also known as "reading the crowd".[https://www.digitaldjtips.com/2011/12/how-to-read-a-crowd-and-what-happens-if-you-dont/ How To Read A Crowd (And What Happens If You Don't)], Digital DJ Tips, 3 November 2017.

DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash, and Afrika Bambaataa were members of a block party at South Bronx from 1973 onwards. Kool Herc played records such as James Brown's "Give It Up or Turnit a Loose", Jimmy Castor's "It's Just Begun", Booker T. & the M.G.'s' "Melting Pot",Shapiro, pp. 212–213. Incredible Bongo Band's "Bongo Rock" and "Apache", and UK rock band Babe Ruth's "The Mexican". With Bronx clubs struggling with street gangs, uptown DJs catering to an older disco crowd with different aspirations, and commercial radio also catering to a demographic distinct from teenagers in the Bronx, Herc's parties had a ready-made audience.Shapiro, Peter. Rough Guide to Hip-Hop, 2nd. ed., London: Rough Guides, 2005 {{ISBN|978-1-84353-263-7}}. pp. 212–213.Toop, David. Rap Attack, 3rd. ed., London: Serpent's Tail, 2000 {{ISBN|978-1-85242-627-9}} p. 65.Ogg, Alex, with Upshall, David. The Hip Hop Years, London: Macmillan, 1999 {{ISBN|978-0-7522-1780-2}} p. 18.

DJ Kool Herc developed the style that was the blueprint for hip hop music. Herc used the record to focus on a short, heavily percussive part in it: the "break". Since this part of the record was the one the dancers liked best, Herc isolated the break and prolonged it by changing between two record players. As one record reached the end of the break, he cued a second record back to the beginning of the break, which allowed him to extend a relatively short section of music into a "five-minute loop of fury".Chang, Jeff. Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. St. Martin's Press, New York: 2005. {{ISBN|978-0-312-42579-1}} p. 79. This innovation had its roots in what Herc called "The Merry-Go-Round", a technique by which the DJ switched from break to break at the height of the party. This technique is specifically called "The Merry-Go-Round" because according to Herc, it takes one "back and forth with no slack."{{Citation|last=falkmanbeatz -break bboy / bgirl channel-|title=The Freshest Kids: The History of the B-Boy (Full Documentary)|date=8 January 2014|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDjcHMq4p9U| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421234727/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDjcHMq4p9U&gl=US&hl=en| archive-date=2014-04-21|access-date=26 April 2017}}

{{Main|Radio personality}}

Radio DJs or radio personalities introduce and play music broadcasts on AM, FM, digital, or Internet radio stations.{{cite book|author=Shelly Field|title=Career Opportunities in Radio|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=35rkaH3TQG8C&pg=PA2|date=21 April 2010|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-1084-4|pages=2–}}{{cite magazine|last=Harris|first=Arthur S. Jr.|title=How To Become A Disc Jockey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lZf6xR3bNTcC&pg=PA27|magazine=Boys' Life|date=November 1961|publisher=Boy Scouts of America, Inc.|pages=27–}}

{{Main|Toasting (Jamaican music)}}

In Jamaican music, a deejay (DJ) is a reggae or dancehall musician who sings and "toasts" (recites poetry) to an instrumental riddim. Deejays are not to be confused with DJs from other music genres like hip hop, where they select and play music. Dancehall/reggae DJs who select riddims to play are called selectors. Deejays whose style is nearer to singing are sometimes called singjays.

The term deejay originated in the 1960s and 1970s when performers such as U-Roy and King Stitt toasted over the instrumental (dub music) versions of popular records. These versions were often released on the flip side to the song's 45 record. This gave the deejays the chance to create on-the-fly lyrics to the music. Big Youth, and I-Roy were famous deejays in Jamaica.

{{Main|Turntablism}}

File:DJ QBert at Rainbow Warehouse, Birmingham UK.webm performing in Rainbow Warehouse in Birmingham (video with close-up photography at the DJ mixer, though without sound)]]

Turntablists, also called battle DJs, use turntables and DJ mixer to manipulate recorded sounds to produce new music. In essence, they use DJ equipment as a musical instrument. Perhaps the best-known turntablist technique is scratching. Turntablists often participate in DJ contests like DMC World DJ Championships and Red Bull 3Style.[http://www.redbullthre3style.com/ Red Bull 3Style] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822083816/http://www.redbullthre3style.com/ |date=22 August 2018 }}.

{{Main|Resident DJ}}

A resident DJ performs at a venue on a regular basis or permanently.{{Cite news|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/resident-djs-are-the-unsung-heroes-of-clubbing-show-them-love/|title=Resident DJs Are The Heroes Of Clubbing, And We Need To Show Them Love|last=Thorp|first=John|date=7 January 2014|newspaper=Thump|access-date=9 February 2017|publisher=Vice|language=en-UK}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.digitaldjinfo.com/what-is-resident-dj/|title=What Is "Being A Resident DJ" ? {{!}}|last=Celikbas|first=Murat|date=1 October 2013|newspaper=Digital DJ INFO|access-date=9 February 2017|language=en-US}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.complex.com/music/2013/11/dos-donts-resident-dj/|title=The Do's and Don'ts of Being a Weekly Resident DJ|date=14 November 2013|website=Complex|language=en|access-date=9 February 2017}} They would perform regularly (typically under an agreement) in a particular discotheque, a particular club, a particular event, or a particular broadcasting station.{{Cite web|url=https://djmag.com/content/darius-syrossian-best-resident-dj|title=DARIUS SYROSSIAN (BEST RESIDENT DJ)|website=DJMag.com|date=18 December 2014|language=en|access-date=9 February 2017}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.vibe.com/2013/04/resident-dj-mednas-dishes-miami-liv-ing/|title=Resident DJ Mednas Dishes On Miami LIV-ing|date=19 April 2013|newspaper=Vibe|access-date=9 February 2017}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=66384&dir=2017/february/06|title=The Monitor :: Variety Of Talent At Next Big EDM DJ|last=Ncube|first=Dumisani|newspaper=The Monitor|access-date=9 February 2017}} Residents have a decisive influence on the club or a series of events.{{Cite news|url=https://www.skiddle.com/news/all/mUmU-Liverpool-9th-birthday-review/30778/|title=mUmU Liverpool 9th birthday review|last=Frankland|first=Becca|date=7 February 2017|newspaper=Skiddle.com|access-date=9 February 2017|language=en-gb}} Per agreement with the management or company, the DJ would have to perform under agreed times and dates.{{Cite web|url=http://www.magneticmag.com/2016/03/how-to-become-resident-dj-at-local-nightclub/|title=How to Become the Resident Dj At Your Local Nightclub|last=Robinson|first=Tyler|date=9 March 2016|website=www.magneticmag.com|language=en-us|access-date=9 February 2017}} Typically, DJs perform as residents for two or three times in a week, for example, on Friday and Saturday. DJs who make a steady income from a venue are also considered resident DJs.{{Cite web|url=http://djtechtools.com/2015/04/16/how-to-get-a-dj-residency/|title=How to Get a DJ Residency|last=Golden|first=Ean|date=16 April 2015|website=DJ TechTools|access-date=9 February 2017}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.redbull.com/au-en/5-clubs-you-must-visit-before-you-die|title=5 clubs you need to visit before you die|website=www.redbull.com|access-date=9 February 2017}}

Examples for resident DJs are:{{Cite web|url=https://www.djbroadcast.net/article/123847/top-10-resident-djsof-all-time|title=Top 10 Resident DJs of all Time|website=DJBroadcast|access-date=9 February 2017}}{{Cite news|url=http://www.billboard.com/photos/6457984/resident-djs-las-vegas-ibiza-edm-2016|title=10 Resident DJs Who Changed EDM|newspaper=Billboard|access-date=9 February 2017}}

• Alfredo Fiorito, Richie Hawtin, Sven Väth – Amnesia, Ibiza, Spain
• Martin Garrix – Hï Ibiza, Ibiza, Spain
• Larry Levan – Paradise Garage, New York City, US
• David Mancuso – The Loft, New York City
• Tiësto, Deadmau5, Calvin Harris – Hakkasan, Las Vegas, US
• Kaskade – Encore Beach Club, Las Vegas, US
• Ben Klock, Marcel Dettmann, Tama Sumo – Berghain, Berlin, Germany
• Fish Go Deep – Cork, Ireland
• Tale of Us – Hï Ibiza, Ibiza, Spain
• Claptone – Pacha, Ibiza, Spain

• Bedroom DJs – A non-professional DJ who mixes music in their room as a hobby, rather than on radio or in a music venue such as a bar or a nightclub. Bedroom DJs are normally motivated by a desire to hone their skills and have fun with friends. Many professional DJs start out as bedroom DJs but not all bedroom DJs want to become professional–some are content being hobbyists. Most bedroom DJs generally have small set-ups of basic equipment. They might be learning how to DJ on a laptop or have a controller.{{cite web |title=What are the different types of DJs?|date = December 2021 |website=Pirate|url=https://pirate.com/en/blog/types-of-djs/#:~:text=The%20term%20'bedroom%20DJ'%20simply,a%20bar%20or%20a%20nightclub|access-date=23 October 2023}}
• Mobile DJs – DJs with their own portable audio sound systems who specialize in performing at gatherings such as block parties, street fairs, taverns, weddings, birthdays, school and corporate events. Mobile DJs may also offer lighting packages and video systems.{{cite book|author=Stacy Zemon|title=The Mobile DJ Handbook: How to Start & Run a Profitable Mobile Disc Jockey Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fMpAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA6|date=24 July 2013|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-11734-3|pages=6–}}

{{anchor|DJane}}

• DJanes – a term describing women DJs used in countries such as Germany that employ grammatical gender in their languages{{cite book|author=Mark J. Butler|title=Playing with Something that Runs: Technology, Improvisation, and Composition in DJ and Laptop Performance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LHR1AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA111|year=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-539362-0|pages=111–}}
• Celebrity DJs – widely known celebrities performing as DJs.[http://ftw.usatoday.com/2016/07/shaq-tomorrowland-festival-belgium-dj-diesel Shaquille O'Neal had a blast performing at an electronic music festival as 'DJ Diesel'], USA Today Sports, 25 July 2016.

File:Jill Wernström 1971.jpg

In Western popular music, even though there are relatively few women DJs and turntablists, women musicians have achieved great success in singing and songwriting roles, however, they are given much less representation than men DJs. Part of this may stem from a generally low percentage of women in audio technology-related jobs. A 2013 Sound on Sound article by Rosina Ncube stated that there are "... few women in record production and sound engineering."{{cite journal |last=Ncube |first=Rosina |title=Sounding Off: Why So Few Women In Audio? |url=http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/sep13/articles/sounding-off-0913.htm |journal=Sound on Sound |date=September 2013}} Ncube states that "[n]inety-five percent of music producers are male, and although there are women producers achieving great things in music, they are less well-known than their counterparts." The vast majority of students in music technology programs are male. In hip hop music, the low percentage of women DJs and turntablists may stem from the overall men's domination of the entire hip hop music industry. Most of the top rappers, MCs, DJs, record producers and music executives are men. There are a small number of high-profile women, but they are rare.

In 2007, Mark Katz's article "Men, Women, and Turntables: Gender and the DJ Battle", stated that "very few women [do turntablism] battle[s]; the matter has been a topic of conversation among hip-hop DJs for years."{{Cite journal|last=Katz|first=Mark|date=12 December 2007|title=Men, Women, and Turntables: Gender and the DJ Battle|journal=The Musical Quarterly|volume=89|issue=4|pages=580–599|doi=10.1093/musqtl/gdm007|issn = 0027-4631}} In 2010, Rebekah Farrugia said "the male-centricity of electronic dance music (EDM) culture" contributes to "a marginalisation of women in these [EDM] spaces."{{Cite book|title=Beyond the Dance Floor: Women DJs, Technology and Electronic Dance Music Culture|last=Farrugia|first=Rebekah|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1841505664}} While turntablism and broader DJ practices should not be conflated, Katz suggests use or lack of use of the turntable broadly by women across genres and disciplines is impacted upon by what he defines as "male technophilia". Historian Ruth Oldenziel concurs in her writing on engineering with this idea of socialization as a central factor in the lack of engagement with technology. She says:{{blockquote|an exclusive focus on women's supposed failure to enter the field – is insufficient for understanding how our stereotypical notions have come into being; it tends to put the burden of proof entirely on women and to [unreasonably] blame them for their supposedly inadequate socialization, their lack of aspiration, and their want of masculine values. An equally challenging question is why and how boys have come to love things technical, how boys have historically been socialized as technophiles.{{Cite journal|last=Oldenziel|first=Ruth A.|author-link=Ruth Oldenziel|date=1997|title=Boys and Their Toys: The Fisher Body Craftsman's Guild, 1930–1968, and the Making of a Male Technical Domain|url=https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/boys-and-their-toys--the-fisher-body-craftsmans-guild-19301968-and-the-making-of-a-male-technical-domain(2200e441-1a9d-4813-b544-fbe86c0ad1a3).html|journal=Technology and Culture|volume=38|issue=1|pages=60–96|doi=10.2307/3106784|jstor=3106784|s2cid=108698842}}}}

Lucy Green has focused on gender in relation to musical performers and creators, and specifically on educational frameworks as they relate to both.{{Cite book|title=Music, Gender, Education|last=Green|first=Lucy|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2008|isbn=9780521555227}} She suggests that women's alienation from "areas that have a strong technological tendency such as DJing, sound engineering and producing" are "not necessarily about their dislike of these instruments but relates to the interrupting effect of their dominantly masculine delineations".{{Cite web|url=http://www.genderandeducation.com/resources/subjects/music/|title=Music – GEA – Gender and Education Association|website=genderandeducation.com|access-date=12 March 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303093403/http://www.genderandeducation.com/resources/subjects/music/|archive-date=3 March 2016}} Despite this, women and girls do increasingly engage in turntable and DJ practices, individually{{Cite web|url=http://news.bpmsupreme.com/female-turntablists-on-the-rise/|title=Female Turntablists on the Rise|website=BPMSUPREME TV|language=en-US|access-date=12 March 2016|archive-date=13 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313063305/http://news.bpmsupreme.com/female-turntablists-on-the-rise/|url-status=dead}} and collectively,{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefader.com/2016/02/17/female-dj-crews-discwoman-sister-mahoyo-tgaf|title=9 All-Female DJ Collectives You Need To Know Right Now|website=The FADER|date=7 February 2016 |access-date=12 March 2016}} and "carve out spaces for themselves in EDM and DJ Culture". A 2015 article cited a number of prominent women DJs: Hannah Wants, Ellen Allien, Miss Kittin, Monika Kruse, Nicole Moudaber, B.Traits, Magda, Nina Kraviz, Nervo, and Annie Mac.{{cite web|last1=Robertson|first1=Joel|title=TOP 10: Women DJs|url=https://www.festicket.com/de/magazine/discover/top-female-djs/|website=Festicket Magazine|publisher=Festicke Ltd.|access-date=13 February 2018}} Two years later, another article brings out a list with world-famous women DJs including Nastia, tINY, Nora En Pure, Anja Schneider, Peggy Gou, Maya Jane Coles, and Eli & Fur.{{Cite web|title=The Top 10 Women DJs in the world|url=https://globaldjsguide.com/top-female-djs-in-the-world/|last=globaldjsguide|date=23 April 2017|website=GlobalDJsGuide|language=en-US|access-date=28 May 2020}}

American DJ The Blessed Madonna has been called "one of the world's most exciting turntablists".{{cite web|author=James, Lauren|work=South China Morning Post|date=14 March 2018|url=https://www.scmp.com/culture/music/article/2137140/dj-black-madonna-performing-sonar-festivals-and-making-dance-music|title=DJ The Black Madonna on performing at Sónar festivals and making dance music accessible for all}} Her stage name is a tribute to her mother's favorite Catholic saint, Black Madonna.{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/music/decibel-fest-dj-black-madonna-and-her-rebel-heart/|work=The Seattle Times|date=18 September 2015|author=Romano, Tricia|title=Decibel Fest DJ Black Madonna and her rebel heart}} In 2018, The Blessed Madonna played herself as an in-residence DJ for the video game Grand Theft Auto Online, as part of the After Hours DLC.{{cite magazine|magazine=Rolling Stone|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/rockstar-games-gta-online-mode-music-streaming-black-madonna-715665/|date=25 August 2018|title=How 'Grand Theft Auto' Is Changing the Way the World Experiences Music|author=Crecente, Brian}}

There are various projects dedicated to the promotion and support of these practices such as Female DJs London.{{Cite web|url=http://femaledjs.london|title=Enter|website=femaledjs.london|access-date=12 March 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313045613/http://femaledjs.london/|archive-date=13 March 2016}} Some artists and collectives go beyond these practices to be more gender inclusive.{{Cite book|title=Pink Noises: Women on Electronic Music and Sound|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aXdTmAEACAAJ|last=Rodgers|first=Tara|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780822346739}} For example, Discwoman, a New York-based collective and booking agency, describe themselves as "representing and showcasing cis women, trans women and genderqueer {{sic}} talent."{{Cite web|url=http://www.discwoman.com/about-discwoman/|title=About – Discwoman|website=www.discwoman.com|access-date=12 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419103236/http://www.discwoman.com/about-discwoman/|archive-date=19 April 2017|url-status=dead}}

In Japan, Bushiroad created a franchise focusing on all-women DJ units called D4DJ.

In recent years, a growing number of female DJs from the Middle East, including Turkish-Iranian artist AIDAZ, have entered the international scene by combining traditional sounds with electronic performance.{{Citation needed|date=April 2025}}

DJs use equipment that enables them to play multiple sources of recorded music and mix them to create seamless transitions and unique arrangements of songs. An important tool for DJs is the specialized DJ mixer, a small audio mixer with a crossfader and cue functions. The crossfader enables the DJ to blend or transition from one song to another. The cue knobs or switches allow the DJ to listen to a source of recorded music in headphones before playing it for the live club or broadcast audience. Previewing the music in headphones helps the DJ pick the next track they want to play, cue up the track to the desired starting location, and align the two tracks' beats in traditional situations where auto-sync technology is not being used. This process ensures that the selected song will mix well with the currently playing music. DJs may align the beats of the music sources so their rhythms do not clash when they are played together to help create a smooth transition from one song to another. Other equipment may include a microphone, effects units such as reverb, and electronic musical instruments such as drum machines and synthesizers.

As music technology has progressed, DJs have adopted different types of equipment to play and mix music, all of which are still commonly used. Traditionally, DJs used two turntables plugged into a DJ mixer to mix music on vinyl records. As compact discs became popular media for publishing music, specialized high-quality CD players known as CDJs were developed for DJs. CDJs can take the place of turntables or be used together with turntables. Many CDJs can now play digital music files from USB flash drives or SD cards in addition to CDs. With the spread of portable laptops, tablets, and smartphone computers, DJs began using software together with specialized sound cards and DJ controller hardware. DJ software can be used in conjunction with a hardware DJ mixer or be used instead of a hardware mixer.

{{Main|Turntablism}}

File:Spooky.jpg at the Sundance Film Festival in 2003, using two Technics SL-1200 turntables and a DJ mixer]]

Turntables allow DJs to play vinyl records. By adjusting the playback speed of the turntable, either by adjusting the speed knob or by manipulating the platter (e.g., by slowing down the platter by putting a finger gently along the side), DJs can match the tempos of different records so their rhythms can be played together at the same time without clashing or make a smooth, seamless transition from one song to another. This technique is known as beatmatching. DJs typically replace the rubber mat on turntables that keep the record moving in sync with the turntable with a slipmat that facilitates manipulating the playback of the record by hand. With the slipmat, the DJ can stop or slow down the record while the turntable is still spinning. Direct-drive turntables are the type preferred by DJs. Belt-drive turntables are less expensive, but they are not suitable for turntablism and DJing, because the belt-drive motor can be damaged by this type of manipulation. Some DJs, most commonly those who play hip hop music, go beyond merely mixing records and use turntables as musical instruments for scratching, beat juggling, and other turntablism techniques.

{{Main|CDJ}}

CDJs / media players are high-quality digital media players made for DJing. They often have large jog wheels and pitch controls to allow DJs to manipulate the playback of digital files for beatmatching similar to how DJs manipulate vinyl records on turntables. CDJs often have features such as loops and waveform displays similar to DJ software. Originally designed to play music from compact discs, they now can play digital music files stored on USB flash drives and SD cards. Some CDJs can also connect to a computer running DJ software to act as a DJ controller. Modern media players have the ability to stream music from online music providers such as Beatport, Beatsource, Tidal, and SoundCloud GO.{{Cite web|date=2020-01-09|title=Denon DJ SC6000, SC6000M & X1850 First Look – We Are Crossfader|url=https://wearecrossfader.co.uk/blog/denon-dj-sc6000-sc6000m-x1850-first-look/|access-date=2021-03-09|website=We Are Crossfader – Learn How To DJ Online|language=en-GB}}

{{Main|DJ mixer}}

File:DJ Mixer.JPG DM2002X Pro Master DJ mixer. This three-channel mixer can have up to three input sound sources. The gain control knobs and equalization control knobs allow the volume and tone of each sound source to be adjusted. The vertical faders allow for further adjustment of the volume of each sound source. The horizontally-mounted crossfader enables the DJ to smoothly transition from a song on one sound source to a song from a different sound source.]]

DJ mixers are small audio mixing consoles specialized for DJing. Most DJ mixers have far fewer channels than a mixer used by a record producer or audio engineer; whereas standard live sound mixers in small venues have 12 to 24 channels, and standard recording studio mixers have even more (as many as 72 on large boards), basic DJ mixers may have only two channels. While DJ mixers have many of the same features found on larger mixers (faders, equalization knobs, gain knobs, effects units, etc.), DJ mixers have a feature that is usually only found on DJ mixers: the crossfader. The crossfader is a type of fader that is mounted horizontally. DJs used the crossfader to mix two or more sound sources. The midpoint of the crossfader's travel is a 50/50 mix of the two channels (on a two-channel mixer). The far left side of the crossfader provides only the channel A sound source. The far right side provides only the channel B sound source (e.g., record player number 2). Positions in between the two extremes provide different mixes of the two channels. Some DJs use a computer with DJ software and a DJ controller instead of an analog DJ mixer to mix music, although DJ software can be used in conjunction with a hardware DJ mixer.

{{Main|Headphones}}

DJs generally use higher-quality headphones than those designed for music consumers. DJ headphones have other properties useful for DJs, such as designs that acoustically isolate the sounds of the headphones from the outside environment (hard shell headphones), flexible headbands and pivot joints to allow DJs to listen to one side of the headphones while turning the other headphone away (so they can monitor the mix in the club), and replaceable cables. Replaceable cables enable DJs to buy new cables if a cable becomes frayed, worn, or damaged, or if a cable is accidentally cut.

Closed-back headphones are highly recommended for DJs to block outside noise as the environment of DJ usually tends to be very noisy. Standard headphones have a 3.5mm jack but DJ equipment usually requires ¼ inch jack. Most specialized DJ Headphones have an adapter to switch between a 3.5mm jack and ¼ inch jack. Detachable coiled cables are perfect for DJ Headphones.{{Citation | url=http://www.getaheadphone.com/the-5-best-dj-headphones-of-2016/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161030080949/http://www.getaheadphone.com/the-5-best-dj-headphones-of-2016/| url-status=usurped| archive-date=30 October 2016|title = Best DJ Headphones| access-date =27 October 2016|year=2016|author=GetAHeadphone| work=Get A Headphone }}

{{split|DJ software|date=May 2020}}

{{See also|List of music software#DJ software}}

File:Mixxx-1.11.0-Deere.png of Mixxx DJ software running on Mac OS X]]

DJs have changed their equipment as new technologies are introduced. The earliest DJs in pop music, in 1970s discos, used record turntables, vinyl records and audio consoles. In the 1970s, DJs would have to lug heavy direct-drive turntables and crates of records to clubs and shows. In the 1980s, many DJs transitioned to compact cassettes. In the 1990s and 2000s, many DJs switched to using digital audio such as CDs and MP3 files. As technological advances made it practical to store large collections of digital music files on a laptop computer, DJ software was developed so DJs could use a laptop as a source of music instead of transporting CDs or vinyl records to gigs. Unlike most music player software designed for regular consumers, DJ software can play at least two audio files simultaneously, display the waveforms of the files on screen and enable the DJ to listen to either source.

The waveforms allow the DJ to see what is coming next in the music and how the playback of different files is aligned. The software analyzes music files to identify their tempo and where the beats are. The analyzed information can be used by the DJ to help manually beatmatch like with vinyl records or the software can automatically synchronize the beats. Digital signal processing algorithms in software allow DJs to adjust the tempo of recordings independently of their pitch and musical key, a feature known as "keylock". Some software analyzes the loudness of the music for automatic normalization with ReplayGain and detects the musical key. Additionally, DJ software can store cue points, set loops, and apply effects.

As tablet computers and smartphones became widespread, DJ software was written to run on these devices in addition to laptops. DJ software requires specialized hardware in addition to a computer to fully take advantage of its features. The consumer-grade, regular sound card integrated into most computer motherboards can only output two channels (one stereo pair). However, DJs need to be able to output at least four channels (two stereo pairs, thus Left and Right for input 1 and Left and Right for input 2), either unmixed signals to send to a DJ mixer or the main output plus a headphone output. Additionally, DJ sound cards output higher-quality signals than the sound cards built into consumer-grade computer motherboards.

{{Main|Vinyl emulation}}

Special vinyl records (or CDs/digital files played with CDJs) can be used with DJ software to play digital music files with DJ software as if they were pressed onto vinyl, allowing turntablism techniques to be used with digital files. These vinyl records do not have music recordings pressed onto them. Instead, they are pressed with a special signal, referred to as "timecode", to control DJ software. The DJ software interprets changes in the playback speed, direction, and position of the timecode signal and manipulates the digital files it is playing in the same way that the turntable manipulates the timecode record.

This requires a specialized DJ sound card with at least 4 channels (2 stereo pairs) of inputs and outputs. With this setup, the DJ software typically outputs unmixed signals from the music files to an external hardware DJ mixer. Some DJ mixers have integrated USB sound cards that allow DJ software to connect directly to the mixer without requiring a separate sound card.

{{Main|DJ controller}}

A DJ software can be used to mix audio files on the computer instead of a separate hardware mixer. When mixing on a computer, DJs often use a DJ controller device that mimics the layout of two turntables plus a DJ mixer to control the software rather than the computer keyboard & touchpad on a laptop, or the touchscreen on a tablet computer or smartphone. Many DJ controllers have an integrated sound card with 4 output channels (2 stereo pairs) that allow the DJ to use headphones to preview music before playing it on the main output.{{Cite book |title=DJing for dummies |last=Steventon |first=John |isbn=9781118937280 |edition=3rd |location=Chichester, West Sussex |publisher=Wiley |oclc=888464041 |date=3 December 2014}}

• A microphone, so that the DJ can introduce songs and speak to the audience over the sound system.
• Electronic effects units such as delay, reverb, octave, equalizer, chorus, etc.
• Multi-stylus head shells, which allow a DJ to play different grooves of the same record at the same time.
• Samplers, sequencers, electronic musical keyboards (synthesizers), effects pedals (effects unit) or drum machines.
• PA system or sound reinforcement system (power amplifiers and speaker enclosures), typically including subwoofer cabinets for deep bass (or, if a DJ is broadcasting and/or recording a set, broadcasting equipment or recording gear)
• Monitor speakers, for listening to the "house mix" that is playing over the main speakers

File:Grand wizzard theodore.JPG invented the "DJ scratch" technique, here he is doing his famous "needle drop" at the Experience Music Project in Seattle 2002]]

Several techniques are used by DJs as a means to better mix and blend recorded music. These techniques primarily include the cueing, equalization and audio mixing of two or more sound sources. The complexity and frequency of special techniques depend largely on the setting in which a DJ is working. Radio DJs are less likely to focus on advanced music-mixing procedures than club DJs, who rely on a smooth transition between songs using a range of techniques. However, some radio DJs are experienced club DJs, so they use the same sophisticated mixing techniques.

Club DJ turntable techniques include beatmatching, phrasing and slip-cueing to preserve energy on a dance floor. Turntablism embodies the art of cutting, beat juggling, scratching, needle drops, phase shifting, back spinning and more to perform the transitions and overdubs of samples in a more creative manner (although turntablism is often considered a use of the turntable as a musical instrument rather than a tool for blending recorded music). Professional DJs may use harmonic mixing to choose songs that are in compatible musical keys.{{cite web|title=Harmonic mixing: The Basics|url=http://www.harmonic-mixing.com/HowTo.aspx|access-date=29 December 2013}}{{cite web|title=DJ Mixes Remixes|url=http://www.surroundsounddj.com/dj-mixes-remixes/|access-date=29 December 2013}} Other techniques include chopping, screwing and looping.

Recent advances in technology in both DJ hardware and software can provide assisted or automatic completion of some traditional DJ techniques and skills. Examples include phrasing and beatmatching, which can be partially or completely automated by using DJ software that performs automatic synchronization of sound recordings, a feature commonly labelled "sync". Most DJ mixers now include a beat counter which analyzes the tempo of an incoming sound source and displays its tempo in beats per minute (BPM), which may assist with beatmatching analog sound sources.

In the past, being a DJ has largely been a self-taught craft but with the complexities of new technologies and the convergence with music production methods, there are a growing number of schools and organizations that offer instruction on the techniques.{{cite web|url=http://www.ffwdweekly.com/article/life-style/your-face-here/mitch-lee-and-sandro-petrillo-beat-drop-11934/ |title=FFWD – Calgary Life & Style – Your Face Here – Mitch Lee and Sandro Petrillo – Beat Drop |access-date=8 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815205546/http://www.ffwdweekly.com/article/life-style/your-face-here/mitch-lee-and-sandro-petrillo-beat-drop-11934/ |archive-date=15 August 2014}}

In DJ culture, miming refers to the practice of DJ's pantomiming the actions of live-mixing a set on stage while a pre-recorded mix plays over the sound system.Wendy Fonarow. [https://archive.org/details/empireofdirtaest00fona/page/270 Empire of Dirt: The Aesthetics and Rituals of British Indie Music]. Wesleyan University Press; 10 July 2006. {{ISBN|978-0-8195-6811-3}}. p. 270–.Charles Kriel. [https://books.google.com/books?id=lzwqBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA106 How to DVJ: A Digital DJ Masterclass]. CRC Press; 25 January 2013. {{ISBN|978-1-136-12270-5}}. p. 106–. Miming mixing in a live performance is considered to be controversial within DJ culture.{{cite web|last1=Heath|first1=Harold|title=Crimes against DJing. What's the single worst sin a DJ can commit?|url=http://www.internationaldjmag.com/crimes-against-djing.html|website=International DJ Magazine|access-date=1 July 2017}} Some within the DJ community say that miming is increasingly used as a technique by celebrity model DJs who may lack mixing skills, but can draw big crowds to a venue.{{cite web |url=https://www.magneticmag.com/2015/05/this-most-fake-dj-set-ever-seen/ |title=This is the most fake DJ set you have ever seen |last=Calvano |first=Jordan |date= 11 May 2015|website=www.magneticmag.com|publisher=Magnetic Magazine |access-date=30 June 2017}}

During a DJ tour for the release of the French group Justice's A Cross the Universe in November 2008, controversy arose when a photograph of Augé DJing with an unplugged Akai MPD24 surfaced. The photograph sparked accusations that Justice's live sets were faked. Augé has since said that the equipment was unplugged very briefly before being reattached and the band put a three-photo set of the incident on their MySpace page.{{cite web |title=Justice Unplugged |publisher=URB |date=18 November 2008 |url= http://www.urb.com/permalink/4148/Justice-Unplugged.html |access-date=19 December 2008

|url-status=dead

|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219181927/http://www.urb.com/permalink/4148/Justice-Unplugged.html |archive-date=19 December 2008 |df=dmy-all}}{{cite web |url=http://www.side-line.com/news_comments.php?id=37697_0_2_0_C |title=Justice fake DJ set – (false) panic in technoland |work=Side-Line Magazine |date=28 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214232059/http://www.side-line.com/news_comments.php?id=37697_0_2_0_C |archive-date=14 February 2013 |access-date=1 September 2017}} After a 2013 Disclosure concert, the duo was criticized for pretending to live mix to a playback of a pre-recorded track. Disclosure's Guy Lawrence said they did not deliberately intend to mislead their audience, and cited miming by other DJs such as David Guetta.{{cite web|last1=Payne|first1=Chris|title=Disclosure Explains Their Unplugged Miming Performance in London|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/code/1566430/disclosure-explains-their-unplugged-miming-performance-in-london|website=Billboard.com|date=10 June 2013|publisher=Billboard|access-date=1 July 2017}}

{{For|the history of club DJs|History of DJing}}

{{For|the history of radio DJs|History of radio disc jockeys}}

Playing recorded music for dancing and parties rose with the mass marketing of home phonographs in the late 19th century.

British radio disc jockey Jimmy Savile hosted his first live dance party in 1943 using a single turntable and a makeshift sound system. Four years later, Savile began using two turntables welded together to form a single DJ console.{{cite book|author1=Luke Crisell|author2=Phil White|author3=Rob Principe|title=On the Record: The Scratch DJ Academy Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WxeyvC5r1hgC&pg=PA23|date=14 April 2009|publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group|isbn=978-1-4299-6623-8|pages=23–}} In 1947, the Whisky à Gogo opened in Paris as the first discotheque.{{cite web|title=So You Want To Be A DJ? History|url=http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/fall09/bein_k/history.html|website=UF Interactive Media Lab|publisher=University of Florida|access-date=19 September 2016|archive-date=8 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308165043/http://iml.jou.ufl.edu/projects/fall09/bein_k/history.html|url-status=dead}} In 1959, one of the first discos in Germany, the Scotch Club, opened in Aachen and visiting journalist Klaus Quirini (later DJ Heinrich) made comments, conducted audience games, and announced songs while playing records. The first song he played was the hit Ein Schiff wird kommen by Lale Andersen.{{cite news |last1=Crossland |first1=David |title=Meet Heinrich, the World's First Disc Jockey |url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/club-culture-meet-heinrich-the-world-s-first-disc-jockey-a-656052.html |access-date=30 January 2021 |work=Der Spiegel |date=19 October 2009}}{{cite news |last1=Maack |first1=Benjamin |title=Deutschlands erster Plattenprinz |url=https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/erfindung-der-disco-a-948556.html |access-date=30 January 2021 |work=Der Spiegel |date=19 October 2009}}

In the 1960s, Rudy Bozak began making the first DJ mixers, mixing consoles specialized for DJing.

In the late 1960s to early 1970s Jamaican sound system culture, producer and sound system operator (DJ), (Jamaican) King Tubby and producer Lee "Scratch" Perry were pioneers of the genre known as dub music.Michael Veal (2013), [https://books.google.com/books?id=kYtiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PP54 Dub: Soundscapes and Shattered Songs in Jamaican Reggae, pages 26–44, "Electronic Music in Jamaica"], Wesleyan University Press.Nicholas Collins, Margaret Schedel, Scott Wilson (2013), [https://books.google.com/books?id=bQeAtG97BmEC&pg=PA20 Electronic Music: Cambridge Introductions to Music, page 20], Cambridge University Press. They experimented with tape-based composition; emphasized repetitive rhythmic structures (often stripped of their harmonic elements); electronically manipulated spatiality; sonically manipulated pre-recorded musical materials from mass media; and remixed music among other innovative techniques. It is widely known that the Jamaican dancehall culture has had and continues to have a significant impact on the American hip hop culture.

File:Vintage DJ Station 2019 by Glenn Francis.jpg is placed between the two turntables.]]

File:Pioneer DDJ-RX DJ-Controller (front) with computer running mixing software Rekordbox.jpg controller with the mixing software rekordbox running on a computer. The physical setup (two "discs" as primary tools, mixing controls mainly in the middle) of this digital DJ workplace strongly resembles the style of the old analog DJ set above, as the latter was standard and "best practice".]]

DJ turntablism has origins in the invention of direct-drive turntables. Early belt-drive turntables were unsuitable for turntablism and mixing, since they had a slow start-up time, and they were prone to wear-and-tear and breakage, as the belt would break from backspinning or scratching.[https://books.google.com/books?id=LApZ8KV7bZAC&pg=PA43 The World of DJs and the Turntable Culture, p. 43], Hal Leonard Corporation, 2003. The first direct-drive turntable was invented by engineer Shuichi Obata at Matsushita (now Panasonic),Billboard, 21 May 1977, [https://books.google.com/books?id=XCMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT140 p. 140]. based in Osaka, Japan.Brian Santo, "Consumer Electrics Hall of Fame: The Maysushita/Technics SL-1200," IEEE Spectrum (20 Dec 2018): https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-consumer-electronics-hall-of-fame-the-matsushitatechnics-sl1200; and Shuichi Obata et al., "...Recent Technology", Journal of the Audio Engineering Society 32/6 (Apr. 1984), 131. It eliminated belts, and instead employed a motor to directly drive a platter on which a vinyl record rests.Trevor Pinch, Karin Bijsterveld, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KuRfLG0IedYC&pg=PA515 The Oxford Handbook of Sound Studies, p. 515], Oxford University Press. In 1969, Matsushita released it as the SP-10, the first direct-drive turntable on the market,{{cite web |title=History of the Record Player Part II: The Rise and Fall |url=https://reverb.com/news/history-of-the-record-player-part-ii-the-rise-and-fall |website=Reverb.com |date=October 2015 |access-date=5 June 2016}} and the first in their influential Technics series of turntables.

In 1972, Technics started making their SL-1200 turntable, featuring high torque direct drive design.[https://www.wired.com/2002/05/blackbox/ Six Machines That Changed The Music World], Wired, May 2002. The SL-1200 had a rapid start and its durable direct drive enabled DJs to manipulate the platter, as with scratching techniques. Hip hop DJs began using the Technics SL-1200s as musical instruments to manipulate records with turntablism techniques such as scratching and beat juggling rather than merely mixing records. These techniques were developed in the 1970s by DJ Kool Herc, Grand Wizard Theodore, and Afrika Bambaataa, as they experimented with Technics direct-drive decks, finding that the motor would continue to spin at the correct RPM even if the DJ wiggled the record back and forth on the platter.

In 1980, Japanese company Roland released the TR-808, an analog rhythm/drum machine, which has unique artificial sounds, such as its booming bass and sharp snare, and a metronome-like rhythm. Yellow Magic Orchestra's use of the instrument in 1980 influenced hip hop pioneer Afrika Bambaataa, after which the TR-808 would be widely adopted by hip hop DJs, with 808 sounds remaining central to hip-hop music ever since.Neil Kulkarni (2015), [https://books.google.com/books?id=ysyiCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44 The Periodic Table of HIP HOP, p. 44], Random House.808 (documentary film). The Roland TB-303, a bass synthesizer released in 1981, had a similar impact on electronic dance music genres such as techno and house music,{{cite web|last=Vine|first=Richard|title=Tadao Kikumoto invents the Roland TB-303|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jun/15/tadao-kikumoto-roland|work=The Guardian|access-date=9 July 2011|date=15 June 2011}} along with Roland's TR-808 and TR-909 drum machines.[http://complex.com/music/2014/09/roland-tr-909-tracks/ Complex.com].[http://mixmag.net/feature/909-tracks-using-the-tr-909 Mixmag].

In 1982, the Compact Disc (CD) format was released, popularizing digital audio. In 1998, the first MP3 digital audio player, the Eiger Labs MPMan F10, was introduced. In January of that same year at the BeOS Developer Conference, N2IT demonstrated FinalScratch, the first digital DJ system to allow DJs control of MP3 files through special time-coded vinyl records or CDs.{{cite book |last1=Pinch |first1=Trevor |last2=Bijsterveld |first2=Karin |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sound Studies |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-538894-7 |page=518 |url-access=registration |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KuRfLG0IedYC&q=beos+developer+conference&pg=PA518}} While it would take some time for this novel concept to catch on with the "die-hard Vinyl DJs", this would become the first step in the Digital DJ revolution. Manufacturers joined with computer DJing pioneers to offer professional endorsements, the first being Professor Jam (a.k.a. William P. Rader), who went on to develop the industry's first dedicated computer DJ convention and learning program, the "CPS (Computerized Performance System) DJ Summit", to help spread the word about the advantages of this emerging technology.

In 2001, Pioneer DJ began producing the CDJ-1000 CD player, making the use of digital music recordings with traditional DJ techniques practical for the first time. As the 2000s progressed, laptop computers became more powerful and affordable. DJ software, specialized DJ sound cards, and DJ controllers were developed for DJs to use laptops as a source of music rather than turntables or CDJs. In the 2010s, like laptops before them, tablet computers and smartphones became more powerful & affordable. DJ software was written to run on these more portable devices instead of laptops, although laptops remain the more common type of computer for DJing.

{{Further|Health problems of musicians}}

The risk of DJs working in nightclubs with loud music includes noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus.{{cite journal |last1=Potier |first1=Morgan |last2=Hoquet |first2=Caroline |last3=Lloyd |first3=Ruth |last4=Nicolas-Puel |first4=Cécile |last5=Uziel |first5=Alain |last6=Puel |first6=Jean-Luc |title=The Risks of Amplified Music for Disc-Jockeys Working in Nightclubs |journal=Ear & Hearing |date=April 2009 |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=291–293 |doi=10.1097/AUD.0b013e31819769fc |pmid=19194290 |s2cid=21433591 }} Nightclubs constantly exceed safe levels of noise exposure with average sound levels ranging from 93.2 to 109.7 dB.{{cite journal |last1=Santos |first1=Lorayne |last2=Morata |first2=Thais C. |last3=Jacob |first3=Lilian C. |last4=Albizu |first4=Evelyn |last5=Marques |first5=Jair M. |last6=Paini |first6=Michele |title=Music exposure and audiological findings in Brazilian disc jockeys (DJs): Exposición a la música y hallazgos audiológicos en Disc Jockeys (DJs) Brasileños |journal=International Journal of Audiology |date=January 2007 |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=223–231 |doi=10.1080/14992020601188575 |pmid=17487670 |s2cid=41798256}} Constant music exposure creates temporary and permanent auditory dysfunction for professional DJs with average levels at 96 dB being above the recommended level, at which ear protection is mandatory for industry. Three-quarters of DJs have tinnitus{{cite journal |last1=Bray |first1=Adam |last2=Szymański |first2=Marcin |last3=Mills |first3=Robert |title=Noise induced hearing loss in dance music disc jockeys and an examination of sound levels in nightclubs |journal=The Journal of Laryngology & Otology |date=February 2004 |volume=118 |issue=2 |pages=123–128 |doi=10.1258/002221504772784577 |pmid=14979949 |s2cid=19542748}} and are at risk of tenosynovitis in the wrists and other limbs. Tenosynovitis results from staying in the same position over multiple gigs for scratching motion and cueing, this would be related to a repetitive strain injury.{{cite journal |last1=Suttle |first1=Allan L. |last2=Wallace |first2=Erik A. |title=Disc Jockey Tenosynovitis |journal=The American Journal of Medicine |date=April 2011 |volume=124 |issue=4 |pages=e1 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.09.025 |pmid=21435409}} Gigs can last 4–5 hours in the nightlife and hospitality industry, as a result, there are potential complications of prolonged standing which include slouching, varicose veins, cardiovascular disorders, joint compression, and muscle fatigue.{{cite journal |last1=Waters |first1=Thomas R. |last2=Dick |first2=Robert B. |title=Evidence of Health Risks Associated with Prolonged Standing at Work and Intervention Effectiveness |journal=Rehabilitation Nursing |date=May 2015 |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=148–165 |doi=10.1002/rnj.166 |pmid=25041875 |pmc=4591921}}{{cite journal |last1=Bahk |first1=Jin Wook |last2=Kim |first2=Hyunjoo |last3=Jung-Choi |first3=Kyunghee |last4=Jung |first4=Myung-Chul |last5=Lee |first5=Inseok |title=Relationship between prolonged standing and symptoms of varicose veins and nocturnal leg cramps among women and men |journal=Ergonomics |date=February 2012 |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=133–139 |doi=10.1080/00140139.2011.582957 |pmid=21846281 |s2cid=6791057}} This is common for other staff to experience as well including bartenders and security staff for example.

• Berlin Calling – a German film about fictional DJ and producer Ickarus (Paul Kalkbrenner), who is struggling with drug abuse
• Speaking in Code – an American documentary film about techno artists Modeselektor, Wighnomy Brothers, Philip Sherburne, Monolake and David Day
• Kvadrat – a French and Russian documentary film about the realities of techno DJing, using the example of DJ Andrey Pushkarev
• It's All Gone Pete Tong – a fictional mockumentary British movie about Frankie Wilde, a DJ who gradually becomes deaf due to drug abuse and an unhealthy lifestyle
• We Are Your Friends – an American fiction film about a college DJ trying to make it in the DJing scene with "one hit song", starring Zac Efron
• Scratch – a documentary about the hip-hop DJ and the 2000-era turntablist movement
• Tonkatsu DJ Agetarou – a Japanese anime, originally a manga, about a fictional character named Agetarou who aspires to be a DJ master with the help of his friends and mentor, Big Master Fry.
• 24 Hour Party People – about the UK music scene from the late 1970s to the "Madchester" scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s.
• Human Traffic – about early UK rave counter-culture featuring music and performances by celebrated DJs Fatboy Slim, CJ Bolland, Carl Cox, and Mad Doctor X.
• Turn Up Charlie – a 2019 series about a struggling DJ, played by Idris Elba, who is also a bachelor trying to make it again after a one-hit back in the 1990s
• Spin - a 2021 Disney Channel Original Movie about an Indian-American teen who gets he love for DJ'ing from Max, an English Transfer Student
• Avicii: True Stories – a documentary film about Avicii, a Swedish producer and DJ who was popular in the early to mid 2010s

{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}

• Digital DJ licensing
• List of club DJs
• List of music software#DJ software
• Live PA
• DJ mix
• Record collecting
• Spelling of disc
• Stage lighting
• VJ (media personality)

{{Div col end}}

{{Reflist}}

• Assef, Claudia (2000). Todo DJ Já Sambou: A História do Disc-Jóquei no Brasil. São Paulo: Conrad Editora do Brasil. {{ISBN|85-87193-94-5}}.
• Brewster, Bill, and Frank Broughton (2000). Last Night a DJ Saved My Life: The History of the Disc Jockey. New York: Grove Press. {{ISBN|0-8021-3688-5}} (North American edition). London: Headline. {{ISBN|0-7472-6230-6}} (UK edition).
• Broughton, Frank, and Bill Brewster. How to DJ Right: The Art and Science of Playing Records. New York: Grove Press, 2003.
• Graudins, Charles A. How to Be a DJ. Boston: Course Technology PTR, 2004.
• Lawrence, Tim (2004). Love Saves the Day: A History of American Dance Music Culture, 1970–1979 . Duke University Press. {{ISBN|0-8223-3198-5}}.
• Miller, Paul D. a.k.a. DJ Spooky, Sound Unbound: Writings on DJ Culture and Electronic Music, MIT Press 2008. {{ISBN|0-262-63363-9}} {{ISBN|978-0-262-63363-5}}.
• Poschardt, Ulf (1998). DJ Culture. London: Quartet Books. {{ISBN|0-7043-8098-6}}.
• Zemon, Stacy. The Mobile DJ Handbook: How to Start & Run a Profitable Mobile Disc Jockey Service, Second Edition. St. Louis: Focal Press, 2002.

{{Wikiquote}}

{{Commons category|Disc jockeys}}

{{DJing}}

{{Hip hop}}

{{House music}}

{{Music industry}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Disc Jockey}}

Category:Audio mixing

Category:Broadcasting occupations

Category:Disco

Category:Mass media occupations

Category:Occupations in music

Category:Hip-hop production

Category:Turntablism

Category:Underground culture

Category:Electronic dance music

Category:1930s neologisms

Category:Articles containing video clips