Disentis

File:KlosterkircheDissentisInnen.JPG

File:ETH-BIB-Disentis-LBS H1-018197.tif

Disentis is first mentioned in 765 as Desertina. In 1127 it was mentioned as monasterium Dissertinensis. The name Disentis is supposed to come from Latin Desertina, used for the deserted valley in late antique times, while the Romansh name Mustér refers to the monastery.

Disentis Abbey, founded in ca. 720, was already in early medieval times the cultural and political center of the later Grisons. Situated on the road to the Lukmanier pass used by the German emperors on their way to Italy, Disentis became a place of international importance in the high Middle Ages and the prince abbot of Disentis was the lord of the Rhine valley. In the later Middle Ages, the farmer communities in the valleys became stronger and the influence of the monastery decreased, but the abbot of Disentis still played an important role in the founding of the Grey League in 1395.

When the Grey League became a formal ally of the Swiss Confederation in 1497, Disentis, at the foot of the Oberalp pass which was the nearest connection to the confederation, was again in a strategically important situation, but later on it was overtaken in importance by the larger Ilanz.

File:Bahnhof Disentis-Muster.jpg

File:CHDisentis.jpg in the background]]

Disentis/Mustér has an area, {{as of|2006|lc=on}}, of {{convert|91.1|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Of this area, 21.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while 22% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (54.3%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).

Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Disentis sub-district of the Surselva district (which was, until the end of 2000, the Vorderrhein district). It is the largest of the seven municipalities that make up the Disentis sub-district and is the capital. It consists of the center village of Mustér-Vitg and the neighboring villages of Mompé-Tujetsch, Segnes, Acletta, Funs/Clavaniev, Disla, Cavardiras and Mompé-Medel. Except for the two Mompé villages, all the villages contain multiple scattered settlements. The settlement of Brulf near Disentis village was covered in a rockslide in 1689. Until 1963 Disentis/Mustér was known as Disentis/Mustèr.[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{in lang|de}} accessed 23 September 2009

Disentis lies on the highest step of the Rhine valley, where the roads of the Oberalp pass coming from central and western Switzerland and of the Lukmanier pass coming from the Ticino meet. It has a station where the line from Brig meets the line from Chur and is connected by train and road to the Valais via the Oberalp pass and to Chur following the Rhine valley. The Lukmanier pass road is in summer served by a post bus line.

Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks Romansh (75.3%), with German being second most common (20.4%) and Portuguese third (1.4%).[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105172441/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html |date=5 January 2016 }} accessed 02-Nov-2009 The official language of the municipality is the Sursilvan dialect of Romansh. While Swiss German and German are spoken by most people as second and third languages respectively, the local laws are only in Romansh.

Disentis is one of the most important centers of the Romansh language, especially of its Sursilvan dialect. It also plays an important role as cultural center through the high school of the monastery.

File:Hiking Switzerland Disentis Graubünden.jpg

Tourism started around 1870 and today Disentis is a resort offering {{convert|150|km|mi|sp=us}} of hiking trails in summer and {{convert|30|km|mi|abbr=on}} of cross country tracks in winter. For alpine skiers there are 6 ski lift up to 2833m.{{in lang|en}} [http://en.graubuenden.ch/ski-snowboard/the-large-ski-resorts/disentis.html skiing in Switzerland: Disentis, Graubünden]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} There are 14 hotels and 21 restaurants, and together with neighbour municipality Sedrun, Disentis offers a total of 10,000 beds in hotels and holiday apartments.

The Basilica of S. Gada, Disentis Abbey, the Chapel of S. Luzi in Disla, the Chapel of S. Maria in Acletta and the Punt Russein bridge (shared with Sumvitg) are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance.[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501142322/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html |date=1 May 2009 }} 21.11.2008 version, {{in lang|de}} accessed 02-Nov-2009

File:KapelleAcletta.JPG|Chapel of S. Maria in Acletta

File:AclettaInnen.JPG|Chapel of S. Maria in Acletta, interior

File:Disentis Kloster.jpeg|Disentis Abbey

File:Sumvitg Russeinerbrücke.jpg|Punt Russein bridge (shared with Sumvitg)

File:Benediktinerabtei Disentis September 2019.jpg|Disentis Abbey, view from Via Lucmagn

{{Weather box

|location = Disentis/Sedrun, elevation {{convert|1800|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020)

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

| Jan high C = 2.6

| Feb high C = 3.5

| Mar high C = 7.6

| Apr high C = 11.4

| May high C = 15.7

| Jun high C = 19.9

| Jul high C = 21.7

| Aug high C = 21.1

| Sep high C = 16.8

| Oct high C = 12.8

| Nov high C = 6.8

| Dec high C = 3.2

| year high C = 11.9

| Jan mean C = -1.1

| Feb mean C = -0.8

| Mar mean C = 2.6

| Apr mean C = 6.3

| May mean C = 10.4

| Jun mean C = 14.0

| Jul mean C = 15.8

| Aug mean C = 15.5

| Sep mean C = 11.7

| Oct mean C = 8.0

| Nov mean C = 3.0

| Dec mean C = -0.2

| year mean C = 7.1

| Jan low C = -4.1

| Feb low C = -4.2

| Mar low C = -1.3

| Apr low C = 1.9

| May low C = 5.8

| Jun low C = 9.0

| Jul low C = 11.0

| Aug low C = 11.1

| Sep low C = 7.7

| Oct low C = 4.5

| Nov low C = 0.1

| Dec low C = -3.1

| year low C = 3.2

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 65.6

|Feb precipitation mm = 48.5

|Mar precipitation mm = 66.8

|Apr precipitation mm = 82.7

|May precipitation mm = 109.8

|Jun precipitation mm = 112.4

|Jul precipitation mm = 109.4

|Aug precipitation mm = 132.9

|Sep precipitation mm = 112.0

|Oct precipitation mm = 106.0

|Nov precipitation mm = 105.5

|Dec precipitation mm = 73.9

|year precipitation mm = 1125.5

| Jan snow cm = 81.1

| Feb snow cm = 71.3

| Mar snow cm = 54.6

| Apr snow cm = 37.9

| May snow cm = 9.0

| Jun snow cm = 0.8

| Jul snow cm = 0.0

| Aug snow cm = 0.0

| Sep snow cm = 1.0

| Oct snow cm = 11.6

| Nov snow cm = 51.0

| Dec snow cm = 63.4

| year snow cm = 381.7

|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 8.5

| Feb precipitation days = 7.4

| Mar precipitation days = 8.5

| Apr precipitation days = 8.3

| May precipitation days = 11.5

| Jun precipitation days = 12.3

| Jul precipitation days = 11.8

| Aug precipitation days = 12.9

| Sep precipitation days = 9.7

| Oct precipitation days = 9.0

| Nov precipitation days = 9.8

| Dec precipitation days = 9.1

| year precipitation days = 118.8

|unit snow days = 1.0 cm

| Jan snow days = 10.2

| Feb snow days = 9.6

| Mar snow days = 8.2

| Apr snow days = 5.4

| May snow days = 1.1

| Jun snow days = 0.2

| Jul snow days = 0.0

| Aug snow days = 0.0

| Sep snow days = 0.1

| Oct snow days = 1.3

| Nov snow days = 6.9

| Dec snow days = 9.1

| year snow days = 52.1

| Jan humidity = 69

| Feb humidity = 68

| Mar humidity = 67

| Apr humidity = 65

| May humidity = 68

| Jun humidity = 70

| Jul humidity = 71

| Aug humidity = 74

| Sep humidity = 75

| Oct humidity = 73

| Nov humidity = 75

| Dec humidity = 72

| year humidity = 71

|Jan sun = 85.8

|Feb sun = 96.1

|Mar sun = 137.3

|Apr sun = 141.4

|May sun = 148.9

|Jun sun = 172.9

|Jul sun = 197.2

|Aug sun = 183.4

|Sep sun = 154.9

|Oct sun = 117.7

|Nov sun = 74.6

|Dec sun = 71.9

|year sun = 1582.1

| Jan percentsun = 49

| Feb percentsun = 48

| Mar percentsun = 47

| Apr percentsun = 43

| May percentsun = 39

| Jun percentsun = 45

| Jul percentsun = 51

| Aug percentsun = 52

| Sep percentsun = 50

| Oct percentsun = 49

| Nov percentsun = 42

| Dec percentsun = 44

| year percentsun = 47

| source 1 = NOAA{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241211092451/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/Disentis_06782.csv

| archive-date = 11 December 2024

| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Switzerland/CSV/Disentis_06782.csv

| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020

| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)

| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

| access-date = 11 December 2024}}

|source 2 = MeteoSwiss (snow 1981–2010){{cite web

| url = https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/DIS/climsheet_DIS_np9120_e.pdf

| title = Climate Normals Disentis (Reference period 1991−2020)

| publisher = Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss

| access-date = 22 January 2022

| archive-date = 15 January 2022

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043137/https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/DIS/climsheet_DIS_np9120_e.pdf

| url-status = dead

}}{{cite web

| url = https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/DIS/climsheet_DIS_np8110_e.pdf

| title = Climate Normals Disentis (Reference period 1981−2010)

| publisher = Swiss Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss

| access-date = 22 January 2022

| archive-date = 15 January 2022

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043410/https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/DIS/climsheet_DIS_np8110_e.pdf

| url-status = dead

}}

}}

Disentis/Mustér has a population (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-GR}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-GR|3982}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GR}} {{as of|2008}}, 8.9% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -4.7%.

{{as of|2000}}, the gender distribution of the population was 51.1% male and 48.9% female.[http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/default.aspx Graubunden in Numbers] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924000647/http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/default.aspx |date=24 September 2009 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 September 2009 The age distribution, {{as of|2000|lc=on}}, in Disentis/Mustér is; 219 children or 10.1% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 343 teenagers or 15.8% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 207 people or 9.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 289 people or 13.3% are between 30 and 39, 316 people or 14.5% are between 40 and 49, and 272 people or 12.5% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 215 people or 9.9% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 169 people or 7.8% are between 70 and 79, there are 113 people or 5.2% who are between 80 and 89 there are 29 people or 1.3% who are between 90 and 99.[http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/Bevoelkerung.aspx Graubunden Population Statistics] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827132227/http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/Bevoelkerung.aspx |date=27 August 2009 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 21 September 2009

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 66.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (17.4%), the SP (9.9%) and the FDP (5.3%).

The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Disentis/Mustér about 64.5% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

Disentis/Mustér has an unemployment rate of 0.79%. {{as of|2005}}, there were 107 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 43 businesses involved in this sector. 341 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 29 businesses in this sector. 719 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 102 businesses in this sector.

The historical population is given in the following table:{{HDS|1614|Disentis/Mustér}}

From the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 1,954 or 90.0% are Roman Catholic, while 79 or 3.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there are 8 individuals (or about 0.37% of the population) who belong to the Orthodox Church, and there are 5 individuals (or about 0.23% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There are 16 (or about 0.74% of the population) who are Islamic. There are 6 individuals (or about 0.28% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 42 (or about 1.93% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 67 individuals (or about 3.08% of the population) did not answer the question.

The municipality has four railway stations: {{rws|Disentis/Mustér}}, {{rws|Acla da Fontauna}}, {{rws|Segnas}}, and {{rws|Mumpé Tujetsch}}. The first of these is located at the junction of the Reichenau-Tamins–Disentis/Mustér line and the Furka Oberalp line, while the latter three are located to the west on the Furka Oberalp line. Between them there is regular service to {{rws|Scuol-Tarasp}}, {{rws|Zermatt}}, {{rws|Andermatt}}, and {{rws|St. Moritz}}.

{{Reflist}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Disentis/Mustér}}
• [http://www.disentis.ch Official webpage of the municipality Disentis/Mustér] {{in lang|de|rm}}
• {{HDS|1614|rm=1959}}

{{Municipalities of the Surselva Region}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Disentis/Muster}}

Category:Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland

Category:Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden

Category:Populated places on the Rhine