Disperse blue dye
{{Short description|Group of synthetic dyes}}
Disperse blue dyes are blue-colored disperse dyes. Disperse dyes are used to color textiles. Disperse blue dyes are used to produce blue and other dark colors. Like other disperse dyes, they are only slightly soluble in water.{{Cite journal |last1=Josephy |first1=P. David |last2=Allen-Vercoe |first2=Emma |date=August 2023 |title=Reductive metabolism of azo dyes and drugs: Toxicological implications |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278691523003344 |journal=Food and Chemical Toxicology |language=en |volume=178 |pages=113932 |doi=10.1016/j.fct.2023.113932|pmid=37451600 |s2cid=259892280 |url-access=subscription }} However, they can be a source of water pollution.{{Cite book |last1=Dalu |first1=Tatenda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtpVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22disperse+blue%22&pg=PA269 |title=Emerging Freshwater Pollutants: Analysis, Fate and Regulations |last2=Tavengwa |first2=Nikita |date=2022-01-29 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-323-90315-8 |language=en}}
Disperse blue dyes, especially Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124, have a higher than usual prevalence of textile dermatitis.{{Cite journal |last1=Malinauskiene |first1=Laura |last2=Bruze |first2=Magnus |last3=Ryberg |first3=Kristina |last4=Zimerson |first4=Erik |last5=Isaksson |first5=Marléne |date=February 2013 |title=Contact allergy from disperse dyes in textiles: a review |journal=Contact Dermatitis |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=65–75 |doi=10.1111/cod.12001 |issn=1600-0536 |pmid=23289879}} This means that people who are allergic to the dyes may develop allergic symptoms (e.g., a rash) when they wear clothes that have been colored with these dyes.
Types
There are hundreds of disperse blue dyes. This table lists only a few. Some disperse dyes are also solvent dyes; for example, Disperse Blue 1 is the same chemical as Solvent Blue 18.{{Cite web |title=Disperse Blue 1 |url=https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=2475-45-8&title= |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=CAS Common Chemistry}}
| class="wikitable"
|+Partial list of disperse blue dyes !Colour Index Generic Number !CAS number !Type !Concerns !Reference |
| Disperse Blue 1
|{{CAS|2475-45-8}} |Allergy risk, water pollution |
| Disperse Blue 3
|{{CAS|2475-46-9}} | |Allergy risk, aqueous toxicity |
| Disperse Blue 7
|{{CAS|3179-90-6}} | |Allergy risk, water pollution |
| Disperse Blue 26
| | |Allergy risk, water pollution |
| Disperse Blue 35
|{{CAS|12222-75-2}} | |Allergy risk |
| Disperse Blue 74
| | |
| Disperse Blue 79
| | |Aqueous toxicity |
| Disperse Blue 102
|{{CAS|12222-97-8}} | |Allergy risk, water pollution |
| Disperse Blue 106
|{{CAS|12223-01-7}} | |Textile allergy, water pollution |
| Disperse Blue 124
|{{CAS|61951-51-7}} |Textile allergy, water pollution |
| Disperse Blue 165
| |Cyano- | |
| Disperse Blue 183
| |Cyano-substituted azo dye |Water pollution |
| Disperse Blue 257
| |Cyano-substituted azo dye | |
| Disperse Blue 291
| | |Water pollution |
| Disperse Blue 373
| |Azo dye |Water pollution |
Uses
Disperse blue dyes are used for dyeing synthetic fibers, such as fabric made from nylon or polyester.
Allergies
Some patch testing kits for allergens include a mix of Disperse Blue 106 and Disperse Blue 124, and other colors can be tested if a textile dye allergy is suspected. Treatment mostly involves not wearing dark-colored synthetic clothing.
Although allergies to dyes are not very common, the disperse blue dyes are among the most common textile allergies. The American Contact Dermatitis Society named it their Allergen of the Year in 2000.{{cite journal |last1=Pratt |first1=M |last2=Taraska |first2=V |year=2000 |title=Disperse blue dyes 106 and 124 are common causes of textile dermatitis and should serve as screening allergens for this condition |journal=American Journal of Contact Dermatitis |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=30–41 |doi=10.1016/S1046-199X(00)90030-7 |pmid=10684387}}{{Cite web |title=Disperse Blue Mix 124/106 {{!}} Allergic Contact Dermatitis Database |url=https://www.contactdermatitisinstitute.com/disperse-blue-mix-124-106.php |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=www.contactdermatitisinstitute.com}}