Disposable product#Single-use plastics

"Disposable" is an adjective that describes something as non-reusable but is disposed of after use. Many people now use the term as a noun or substantive, i.e. "a disposable" but in reality this is still an adjective as the noun (product, nappy, etc.) is implied.

The UK government included an enquiry about how best to define "single-use plastics" in its 2018 consultation document on "tackling the plastic problem".H M Treasury, [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/690293/PU2154_Call_for_evidence_plastics_web.pdf Tackling the plastic problem : Using the tax system or charges to address single-use plastic waste], published March 2018, accessed 5 December 2023{{rp|8}}

File:Trash_Landfill.jpg

Disposable products are most often made from paper, plastic, cotton, or polystyrene foam. Products made from composite materials such as laminations are difficult to recycle and are more likely to be disposed of at the end of their use. They are typically disposed of using landfills because it is a cheap option. However, in 2004, the European Union passed a law which stopped allowing disposals in landfills.{{Cite web|title=Carbon fiber: Life Beyond the Landfill|url=https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/carbon-fiber-life-beyond-the-landfill|access-date=2021-10-02|website=www.compositesworld.com|date=May 2007 |language=en}}

Synthetic plastic products gained popularity during the first half of the twentieth century and was initially marketed as a superior, light but durable material compared to existing materials like glass and metal. However, the plastic industry switched their messaging and strategy in the 1950s. To boost revenue, the plastic industry shifted to producing cheap and expendable plastic, signified by Lloyd Stouffer, an editor of a plastics industry magazine, at the 1956 plastics conference when he said "the future of plastic is in the trash can".{{Cite news |title=Creating a throw-away culture: How companies ingrained plastics in modern life |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/06/09/nx-s1-4942415/disposable-plastic-pollution-waste-single-use-recycling-climate-change-fossil-fuels |access-date=2025-05-18 |work=NPR |language=en}} The plastic industry, through multiple years of successful marketing campaign, established the norm of disposable, single-use plastic products over the previous norm of re-usability. In 1963, Stouffer commented “The happy day has arrived when nobody any longer considers the plastics package too good to throw away.”

Many governments{{which|date=June 2022}} are scaling up their efforts to phase out single-use plastic products and packaging and to manage plastic packaging waste in an environmentally sound manner.{{Cite web |date=2024-11-16 |title=How French laws on plastic packaging are changing an industry |url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20241116-how-french-laws-against-plastic-packaging-are-changing-an-industry |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=RFI |language=en}}

In 2015 the European Union (EU) adopted a directive requiring a reduction in the consumption of single use plastic bags per person to 90 by 2019 and to 40 by 2025.{{cite news |last1=Barbière |first1=Cécile |title=EU to halve plastic bag use by 2019 |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/sustainable-dev/news/eu-to-halve-plastic-bag-use-by-2019/ |access-date=23 February 2020 |agency=Euroactive |date=29 April 2015}} In April 2019, the EU adopted a further directive banning almost all types of single use plastic, except bottles, from the beginning of the year 2021.{{cite news |last1=Matthews |first1=Lyndsey |title=Single-Use Plastics Will Be Banned in Europe by 2021 |url=https://www.afar.com/magazine/single-use-plastics-will-be-banned-in-europe-by-2021 |access-date=23 February 2020 |agency=Afar |date=16 April 2019}}EUR-Lex, [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2019/904/oj Directive (EU) 2019/904 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 June 2019 on the reduction of the impact of certain plastic products on the environment], accessed 8 August 2021

In the UK, a 2018 HM Treasury consultation on single-use plastic waste taxation noted that the production process for single-use plastic originates in the conversion of naturally occurring substances into polymers, which vary in their capacity for being re-processed on one or more occasions, meaning that some polymers can be reprocessed and reused only once, and others cannot at present be reprocessed in an economic manner and are therefore destined to have only a single use.{{rp|10}} The sale of single-use plastic cutlery, balloon sticks and polystyrene cups and food containers was banned in England from 1 October 2023, following an announcement on "some of the most polluting single-use plastic items" published in January 2023. At the same time, restrictions have been introduced concerning the supply of single-use plastic plates, trays and bowls.{{OGL-attribution|Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, [https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-bans-and-restrictions-on-polluting-single-use-plastics-come-into-force New bans and restrictions on polluting single-use plastics come into force], published 29 September 2023, accessed 11 December 2023}}

The EU's Single-Use Plastic Directive (SUPD, Directive EU 2019/904) went into effect in EU member states on 3 July 2021.

Also in 2021, Australia's Minderoo Foundation produced a report called the "Plastic Waste Makers Index", which concluded that half of the world's single-use plastic waste is produced by just 20 companies.{{Cite web|last=|date=18 May 2021|title=Half of single-use plastic waste produced by just 20 companies|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/18/world/single-use-plastics-scli-intl/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-19|website=CNN|publisher=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518150610/https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/18/world/single-use-plastics-scli-intl/index.html |archive-date=2021-05-18 }}{{Cite web|last1=Rylander|first1=Ylva|last2=Gardner|first2=Toby|date=20 May 2021|title=20 companies responsible for most single-use plastic waste|url=https://www.sei.org/featured/20-companies-responsible-for-most-single-use-plastic-waste/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-13|website=SEI|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521233340/https://www.sei.org/featured/20-companies-responsible-for-most-single-use-plastic-waste/ |archive-date=2021-05-21 }} China is the biggest consumer of single-use plastics.{{cite web |title=The Macroproblem of Microplastics |url=https://ohiorivervalleyinstitute.org/the-macroproblem-of-microplastics/ |publisher=Ohio River Valley Institute |language=en |date=3 August 2020 |quote=China, the world's biggest consumer of single-use plastics.}}

File:HK CWB Tung Lo Wan 聖馬利亞堂 Saint Mary's Church Bday party plastic forks May 2013.JPGs]]

• Aluminum foil and aluminum pans{{cite book | title=Prairie Farmer | publisher=Prairie Farmer Publishing Company | issue=v. 154 | year=1982 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=byokAQAAMAAJ | page=44 | access-date=June 8, 2017}}
• Disposable dishware / drinkware (e.g. plates, bowls, cups){{cite book | last=McEachern | first=D. | title=Big Green Purse: Use Your Spending Power to Create a Cleaner, Greener World | publisher=Penguin Publishing Group | year=2008 | isbn=978-1-4406-3009-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xBo4BgUqHM4C&pg=PT149 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=pt149}}
• Plastic cutlery (e.g. spoons, knives, forks, sporks)
• Disposable table cloths
• Cupcake wrappers, coffee filters are compostable
• Drinking straws
• Wet wipe

{{main article|Packaging waste}}

{{main article|Reusable packaging}}

{{main article|Sustainable packaging}}

Packages are usually intended for a single use. The waste hierarchy calls for minimization of materials. Many packages and materials are suited to recycling, although the actual recycling percentages are relatively low in many regions. For example, in Chile, only 1% of plastic is recycled.{{Cite web|date=2019-11-27|title=The 5 worst countries for plastic recycling|url=https://www.plasticexpert.co.uk/the-5-worst-countries-for-plastic-recycling/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=Plastic Expert}} Reuse and repurposing of packaging is increasing, but eventually containers will be recycled, composted, incinerated, or landfilled.

There are many container forms such as boxes, bottles, jars, bags, etc. Materials used include paper, plastics, metals, fabrics, composites, etc.

A number of countries{{which|date=June 2022}} have adopted legislation to ensure that plastic packaging waste collected from households is sorted, reprocessed, compounded, and reused or recycled. There are also bans on single-use plastic food packaging in many countries.{{Cite web |last=Environment |first=U. N. |date=2021-10-21 |title=Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics |url=http://www.unep.org/resources/report/drowning-plastics-marine-litter-and-plastic-waste-vital-graphics |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=UNEP - UN Environment Programme |language=en}}

{{Main|Disposable food packaging}}

{{see also|Plastic bottle|Single-serve coffee container}}

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In 2002, Taiwan began taking action to reduce the use of disposable tableware at institutions and businesses, and to reduce the use of plastic bags. Yearly, the nation of 17.7 million people was producing 59,000 tons of disposable tableware waste and 105,000 tons of waste plastic bags, and increasing measures have been taken in the years since then to reduce the amount of waste.Env. Research Foundation (undated). [http://www.rachel.org/?q=en/node/149 Taiwan's Plastics Ban] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807235056/http://www.rachel.org/?q=en%2Fnode%2F149 |date=2020-08-07 }}. In 2013 Taiwan's Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) banned outright the use of disposable tableware in the nation's 968 schools, government agencies and hospitals. The ban is expected to eliminate 2,600 metric tons of waste yearly.

In Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, laws banning use of disposable food and drink containers at large-scale events have been enacted.{{cn|date=December 2023}} Such a ban has been in place in Munich, Germany, since 1991, applying to all city facilities and events. This includes events of all sizes, including very large ones (Christmas market, Auer-Dult Faire, Oktoberfest and Munich Marathon). For small events of a few hundred people, the city has arranged for a corporation offer rental of crockery and dishwasher equipment. In part through this regulation, Munich reduced the waste generated by Oktoberfest, which attracts tens of thousands of people, from 11,000 metric tons in 1990 to 550 tons in 1999.Pre-Waste EU. (undated). [http://www.prewaste.eu/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=255&Itemid=94 Ban on disposable food and drink containers at events in Munich, Germany (Pre-waste factsheet 99)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908042416/http://www.prewaste.eu/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=255&Itemid=94 |date=2014-09-08 }}

China produces about 57 billion pairs of single-use chopsticks yearly, of which half are exported. About 45 percent are made from trees – about 3.8 million of them – mainly cotton wood, birch, and spruce, the remainder being made from bamboo. Japan uses about 24 billion pairs of these disposables per year, and globally the use is about 80 billion pairs are thrown away by about 1.4 million people. Reusable chopsticks in restaurants have a lifespan of 130 meals. In Japan, with disposable ones costing about 2 cents and reusable ones costing typically $1.17, the reusables better at the $2.60 breakeven cost. Campaigns in several countries to reduce this waste are beginning to have some effect.New York Times. Reus Oct. 24, 2011. [http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/24/disposable-chopsticks-strip-asian-forests/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0 Disposable Chopsticks Strip Asian Forests]. By Rachel Nuwer.Ecopedia. 2013. [http://www.ecopedia.com/environment/how-wooden-chopsticks-are-killing-nature/ How Wooden Chopsticks Are Killing Nature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715171111/http://www.ecopedia.com/environment/how-wooden-chopsticks-are-killing-nature/ |date=2020-07-15 }}. By Alastair Shaw.

Israel is considered the world's largest user of disposables food containers and dinnerware. Each month, 250 million plastic cups and more than 12 million paper cups are used, manufactured and disposed.{{Cite web|last=ליבסקר|first=ארי|date=2018-06-23|title=מדינת חד"פ: כך התמכרה ישראל לכלי פלסטיק חד-פעמיים|url=https://www.calcalist.co.il/local/articles/0,7340,L-3740662,00.html|access-date=2021-04-10|website=כלכליסט - www.calcalist.co.il}} In Israel there are no laws about manufacturing or importing of food disposable containers.

File:Mishti Doi.jpg clay bowl with dahi (curd)]]

A kulhar is a traditional handle-less clay cup from South Asia that is typically unpainted and unglazed, and meant to be disposable.{{Citation | title=Indian folk arts and crafts | author=Jasleen Dhamija| year=1970|author-link=Jasleen Dhamija | publisher= National Book Trust, India, 1992 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=meAbAAAAIAAJ | quote= The simple clay kulhar, which is made in thousands as an inexpensive container for curd, sweets, tea or water, and after being used only once is thrown away, has the same form as those excavated at the Indus Valley or ...}} Since kulhars are made by firing in a kiln and are almost never reused, they are inherently sterile and hygienic.{{cite book| title=Hanklyn-janklin: a stranger's rumble-tumble guide to some words, customs, and quiddities, Indian and Indo-British | author=Nigel B. Hankin | publisher=Banyan Books| year= 1997 | isbn=9788186558065 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E2saAQAAIAAJ | quote= For the fussy, on request, the beverage will usually be served in a hand- less, unglazed, disposable earthenware pot, the kulhar, straight from the kiln ...}} Bazaars and food stalls in the Indian subcontinent traditionally served hot beverages, such as tea, in kuhlars, which suffused the beverage with an "earthy aroma" that was often considered appealing.{{cite news| title=Storm In A Kulhar | date=August 2, 2004 | newspaper=Outlook India | url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?224684 | quote= For those romantic souls who've regretted the loss of that earthy aroma and its replacement by the smell of plastic and detergent, railway minister Laloo Prasad Yadav is bringing back the bygone era ... kilns that use not only cowdung but also coal and wood.}} Yoghurt, hot milk with sugar as well as some regional desserts, such as kulfi (traditional ice-cream), are also served in kulhars.{{cite web| title=Cakes and Desserts | website= bittersweetnyc.com| publisher=Bittersweet NYC | access-date=September 4, 2010 | url=http://www.bittersweetnyc.com/cakesndesserts/cakesndesserts.shtml | quote= Kulfi (Indian Ice Cream) ... in India is traditionally served in Kulhars, unbaked terracotta ... | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160303203836/http://www.bittersweetnyc.com/cakesndesserts/cakesndesserts.shtml | archive-date=March 3, 2016 | url-status=dead }} Kulhars have gradually given way to polystyrene and coated paper cups, because the latter are lighter to carry in bulk and cheaper.⁠{{Citation | title= Why Laloo's kulhad isn't as green as he makes it out to be | author=Sonu Jain | date=July 6, 2004 | newspaper=Indian Express | url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/50438/ | quote= Contrary to common perception, the red kulhad takes nearly a decade to return to its natural form ... "The water in the clay disappears and the salts melt into a glassy state and bind together making the clay stronger," said D Chakravorty, ceramic engineer at CGCRI. It takes a while before this salt, exposed to vagaries of nature, decomposes ...}}⁠{{cite web| title=कुल्हड़ में चाय और लस्सी नहीं चली लालू की रेल में (Kulhars for tea and lassi are a flop on Laloo's Railway) | author=Venkatesh Dutta | date=September 4, 2010 | newspaper=Live Hindustan | url=http://www.livehindustan.com/news/1/1/1-1-54588.html | quote= वेंडरों को यह महंगा सौदा पड़ा, क्योंकि कुल्हड़ पॉलिथीन के कप से महंगा पड़ रहा था। कुल्हड़ का वजन भी ज्यादा होता है। नतीजा यह हुआ कि फिर पॉलिथीन की कप में चाय बिकने लगी (Vendors found this an expensive deal because kulhars are more expensive than plastic cups. Kulhars also weigh more. The result was that tea began selling again in plastic cups.}}

File:Maquinilla de afeitar desechable.JPG]]

File:A Toothbrush.JPG]]

Medical and surgical device manufacturers worldwide produce a multitude of items that are intended for one use only.{{cite book | last=Engineers | first=N.B.C. | title=Handbook on Medical and Surgical Disposable Products | publisher=Niir Project | year=2014 | isbn=978-93-81039-28-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XwWJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=3}} The primary reason is infection control; when an item is used only once it cannot transmit infectious agents to subsequent patients.{{cite book | last1=Proctor | first1=D.B. | last2=Adams | first2=A.P. | title=Kinn's The Medical Assistant - E-Book: An Applied Learning Approach | publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences | year=2013 | isbn=978-0-323-18781-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xrPwAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA516 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=516}} Manufacturers of any type of medical device are obliged to abide by numerous standards and regulations. ISO 15223: Medical Devices and EN 980 cite that single use instruments or devices be labelled as such on their packaging with a universally recognized symbol to denote "do not re-use", "single use", or "use only once". This symbol is the numeral 2, within a circle with a 45° line through it.

Examples of single use medical and hygiene items include:

• Hypodermic needles{{cite book | last=Rice | first=J. | title=Medications and Mathematics for the Nurse | publisher=Delmar Thomson Learning | year=2002 | isbn=978-0-7668-3080-6 | url=https://archive.org/details/medicationsmathe0000rice | url-access=registration | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=[https://archive.org/details/medicationsmathe0000rice/page/148 148]}}
• Toilet paper
• Disposable towels, paper towels{{cite book | last1=Chissick | first1=S.S. | last2=Derricott | first2=R. | title=Occupational health and safety management | publisher=J. Wiley | series=Properties of materials, safety and environmental factors | year=1981 | isbn=978-0-471-27646-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9bJqAAAAMAAJ | access-date=June 8, 2017|page=434}}{{cite book | last=Loux | first=R. | title=Easy Green Living: The Ultimate Guide to Simple, Eco-Friendly Choices for You and Your Home | publisher=Rodale Books | year=2008 | isbn=978-1-59486-792-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CfyKb8rxASsC&pg=PA136 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=136}}
• Condoms and other contraception products
• Disposable enemas and similar products{{cite book | last1=Rosdahl | first1=C.B. | last2=Kowalski | first2=M.T. | title=Textbook of Basic Nursing | publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | series=Lippincott's practical nursing | year=2008 | isbn=978-0-7817-6521-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tB1YiYj_kdkC&pg=PA654 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=654}}
• Cotton swabs and pads{{cite book | last=Lussi | first=A. | title=Dental Erosion: From Diagnosis to Therapy | publisher=Karger | series=Monographs in oral science | year=2006 | isbn=978-3-8055-8097-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-l0ROzorSREC&pg=PA113 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=113}}
• Medical and cleaning gloves
• Medical dust respirators (dust masks)
• Baby and adult diapers, and training pants{{cite book | last=Blatt | first=H. | title=America's Environmental Report Card: Are We Making the Grade? | publisher=MIT Press | year=2011 | isbn=978-0-262-51591-7 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ucv7I6v_8f8C&pg=PA86 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=86}}{{cite book | last1=Farage | first1=M.A. | last2=Miller | first2=K.W. | last3=Maibach | first3=H.I. | title=Textbook of Aging Skin | publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg | year=2009 | isbn=978-3-540-89655-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-ALWZhXomAC&pg=PA861 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=861}}{{cite book | last1=Eisenberg | first1=A. | last2=Murkoff | first2=H. | last3=Hathaway | first3=S. | title=What to Expect the Toddler Years | publisher=Workman Publishing Company, Incorporated | year=2009 | isbn=978-0-7611-5100-5 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjWcn4T6HJcC&pg=PA544 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=544}}
• Shaving razors, safety razors, waxing kits, combs, and other hair control products{{cite book | last=Thomas | first=R.J. | title=New Product Success Stories: Lessons from Leading Innovators | publisher=Wiley | series=New directions in business | year=1995 | isbn=978-0-471-01320-4 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QDaax4mFMpcC&pg=PA255 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=255}}{{cite book | last1=Gallant | first1=A. | last2=Gillott | first2=K. | last3=Howard | first3=J. | title=Principles and Techniques for the Beauty Specialist | publisher=Nelson Thornes Limited | year=1993 | isbn=978-0-7487-1550-3 | url=https://archive.org/details/principlestechni0000gall | url-access=registration | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=[https://archive.org/details/principlestechni0000gall/page/267 267]}}{{cite book | last1=Husain | first1=A.M. | last2=Sinha | first2=S.R. | title=Continuous EEG Monitoring: Principles and Practice | publisher=Springer International Publishing | year=2017 | isbn=978-3-319-31230-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sy_XDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA600 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=600}}
• Toothbrushes, dental floss, and other oral care products
• Hospital aprons {{cite book | last1=Dougherty | first1=L. | last2=Lister | first2=S. | title=The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures | publisher=Wiley | series=Royal Marsden Manual Series | year=2011 | isbn=978-1-4443-4387-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4AysuLGbMeMC&pg=PA99 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=99}}
• Disposable panties in postpartum
• Contact lenses,{{cite book | last1=Hom | first1=M.M. | last2=Bruce | first2=A.S. | title=Manual of Contact Lens Prescribing and Fitting | publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-7506-7517-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jSvLJtyDNTEC&pg=PA310 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=310}} although reusable contact lenses are also available.LensPure, [https://www.lenspure.com/articles/reusable-contact-lenses-as-safe-as-disposable Are Reusable Contact Lenses As Safe As Disposable Contacts?], accessed 21 October 2023

File:AAAA AAA AA 9V comparison-1.jpg]]

• Non-rechargeable batteries are considered hazardous waste and should only be disposed of as such.{{cite book | last=Wellington | first=T. | title=The Mom's Guide to Growing Your Family Green: Saving the Earth Begins at Home | publisher=St. Martin's Press | year=2009 | isbn=978-1-4299-6463-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ocsTmllg7nQC&pg=PA79 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=79}}
• Disposable ink cartridges
• Disposable cameras {{cite book | last=Warren | first=L. | title=Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography, 3-Volume Set | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2005 | isbn=978-1-135-20543-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cFVsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=220}}
• Disposable electronic cigarette devices, coils, cartridges, tanks/pods

• PlastiCuffs
• Ammunition
• Barricade tape

File:4 Bic Cristal pens and caps.jpgs]]

• Garbage bags {{cite book | last=Casey | first=W. | title=Firsts: Origins of Everyday Things That Changed the World | publisher=DK Publishing | year=2009 | isbn=978-1-101-15900-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hkc3QnbagK4C&pg=PA89 | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=89}}
• Vacuum cleaner bags, water, air, coolant, and other filters
• Ballpoint pens, erasers, and other writing implements{{cite book | last=Wherry | first=T.L. | title=Intellectual Property: Everything the Digital-age Librarian Needs to Know | publisher=American Library Association | year=2008 | isbn=978-0-8389-0948-5 | url=https://archive.org/details/intellectualprop0000wher | url-access=registration | access-date=June 8, 2017 | page=[https://archive.org/details/intellectualprop0000wher/page/20 20]}}
• Movie sets and theater sets
• Gift wrapping paper
• Labels, stickers, and the associated release liners are single use and usually disposed after use.
• Cigarettes and cigars, plus cigarette packets, filters and rolling paper.
• Gasoline
• Natural gas
• Paper products; toilet paper, paper napkin, Newspapers. etc

• {{annotated link|Disposable tableware}}
• {{annotated link|Durability}}
• {{annotated link|Durable good}}
• {{annotated link|Extended producer responsibility}}
• {{annotated link|Litter}}
• {{annotated link|Paper napkin}}
• {{annotated link|Paper recycling}}
• {{annotated link|Planned obsolescence}}
• {{annotated link|Plastic recycling}}
• {{annotated link|Reusable shopping bag}}
• {{annotated link|Waste management}}
• {{annotated link|Société Bic}}
• {{annotated link|Single Use Plastic Deathbed}}
• {{annotated link|Throw-away society}}

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite book | author=NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers | title=Disposable Products Manufacturing Handbook | publisher=Niir Project | year=2014 | isbn=978-93-81039-32-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PQaJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 | access-date=March 9, 2017 | page=1}}

{{cite book | last=Hill | first=M.K. | title=Understanding Environmental Pollution | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2010 | isbn=978-1-139-48640-8 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A-zaEGx_Y8cC&pg=PA519 | page=519}}

{{cite book | last1=Vasile | first1=C. | last2=Zaikov | first2=G.E. | title=Environmentally Degradable Materials Based on Multicomponent Polymeric Systems | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2009 | isbn=978-90-04-16410-9 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LPkghmXr47YC&pg=PA630 | page=630}}

{{cite web | title=Disposable table cloth: Patent US5084321 | website=Google Books | date=February 23, 2017 | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5084321 | access-date=March 9, 2017}}

}}

• {{Free-content attribution

| title = Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics

| publisher = United Nations Environment Programme

| documentURL = https://www.unep.org/resources/report/drowning-plastics-marine-litter-and-plastic-waste-vital-graphics

| license statement URL = https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Drowning_in_Plastics_%E2%80%93_Marine_Litter_and_Plastic_Waste_Vital_Graphics.pdf

| license = Cc BY-SA 3.0 IGO

}}

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{{wikt|disposable}}

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