Diurnal cycle
{{Short description|Pattern that recurs every 24 hours as a result of one full rotation of the planet Earth}}
File:Earth rotation.gif relative to the Sun causes the 24-hour day/night cycle.]]
A diurnal cycle (or diel cycle) is any pattern that recurs every 24 hours as a result of one full rotation of the planet Earth around its axis.{{Cite encyclopedia |last=Betts |first=A |date=2015 |title=Diurnal Cycle |chapter=BOUNDARY LAYER (ATMOSPHERIC) AND AIR POLLUTION | Diurnal Cycle |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123822253001353 |journal=Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences |edition=2nd |language=en |pages=319–23 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-382225-3.00135-3|isbn=9780123822253 |url-access=subscription }} Earth's rotation causes surface temperature fluctuations throughout the day and night, as well as weather changes throughout the year. The diurnal cycle depends mainly on incoming solar radiation.{{Cite journal |last=Hartmann |first=Dennis L. |date=1994 |title=The Energy Balance of the Surface |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0074614208605616 |journal=International Geophysics |language=en |volume=56 |pages=81–114 |doi=10.1016/S0074-6142(08)60561-6 |issn=0074-6142|url-access=subscription }}
Climate and atmosphere
File:Dagelijkse gang straling.svg
In climatology, the diurnal cycle is one of the most basic forms of climate patterns, including variations in diurnal temperature and rainfall. Diurnal cycles may be approximately sinusoidal or include components of a truncated sinusoid (due to the Sun's rising and setting) and thermal relaxation (Newton cooling) at night. The diurnal cycle also has a great impact on carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, due to processes such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration.{{Cite journal|last1=Matthews|first1=Jack S.A.|last2=Vialet-Chabrand|first2=Silvere R.M.|last3=Lawson|first3=Tracy|date=2017|title=Diurnal Variation in Gas Exchange: The Balance between Carbon Fixation and Water Loss|journal=Plant Physiology|volume=174|issue=2|pages=614–623|doi=10.1104/pp.17.00152|issn=0032-0889|pmc=5462061|pmid=28416704}}
Biological effects
Diurnal cycles of light and temperature can result in similar cycles in biological processes, such as photosynthesis in plants and clinical depression in humans.{{Cite journal|last=Wirz-Justice|first=Anna|date=2008|title=Diurnal variation of depressive symptoms|journal=Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience|volume=10|issue=3|pages=337–343|doi=10.31887/DCNS.2008.10.3/awjustice|issn=1294-8322|pmc=3181887|pmid=18979947}} Plant responses to environmental cycles may even induce indirect cycles in rhizosphere microbial activities, including nitrogen fixation.{{Cite journal|last1=G.K.|first1=Sims|last2=Dunigan|first2=E.P.|date=1984|title=Diurnal and seasonal variations in nitrogenase activity (C2H2 reduction) of rice roots|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0038071784901184|journal=Soil Biology and Biochemistry|language=en|volume=16|issue=1|pages=15–18|doi=10.1016/0038-0717(84)90118-4|issn=0038-0717|url-access=subscription}}
Semi-diurnal cycle
A semi-diurnal cycle refers to a pattern that occurs about every twelve hours or about twice a day. Often these can be related to lunar tides, in which case the interval is closer to 12 hours and 25 minutes.
See also
- Chronotype
- Circadian rhythm
- Diel vertical migration
- Diurnality
- {{Ill|Diurnal Climate|de|Tageszeitenklima}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Climate oscillations}}
{{Authority control}}
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