Dongkya Range

Dongkya or Dongkhya range{{Efn|Alternative spellings include Dongkiya{{Cite book|last=Gulia|first=Kuldip Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4aDVQ1KVZYC|title=Human Ecology of Sikkim: A Case Study of Upper Rangit Basin|date=2005|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=978-81-7835-325-8|pages=65|language=en}}}}, is a mountain range in the Himalayas that forms the eastern border of Sikkim, a state of India. Its northern tip extends to Dongkha La, and as it moves southwards, sometimes referred to as the Chola range,{{sfnp|Samanta, Geomorphic Units of The Sikkim Himalaya|2019|pp=148}}{{Cite journal |last=Lucksom |first=S.Z. |date=2008 |title=Endemic and Threatened Orchids of Sikkim and Their Conservation|url=http://wiienvis.nic.in/PublicationDetails.aspx?SubLinkId=371&LinkId=627&Year=2010 |journal=ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife and Protected Area |volume=11 |issue=1: Special Habitats and Threatened Plants of India |pages=63–67 |issn=0972-088X}} it is cut by Cho La, Yak La, Nathu La and Jelep La passes.{{Cite web|last=Wangchuk|first=Pema|date=1 January 2013|title=India, China and the Nathu La: Converting Symbolism into Reality|url=http://www.ipcs.org/issue_briefs/issue_brief_pdf/IB202-CRP-Pema-NathuLa.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-28|website=www.ipcs.org|type=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030075635/http://www.ipcs.org/issue_briefs/issue_brief_pdf/IB202-CRP-Pema-NathuLa.pdf |archive-date=30 October 2021 }}{{citation |last1=Singh |first1=Vijay P. |last2=Singh |first2=Pratap |last3=Haritashya |first3=Umesh K. |title=Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tl2oKpXE0cMC&pg=PA518 |date=2011 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-90-481-2642-2 |page=518}}

Dongkya range and Chola range

S. K. Samanta explains in the Indian Journal of Landscape Systems and Ecological Studies,{{sfnp|Samanta, Geomorphic Units of The Sikkim Himalaya|2019|pp=152}}

{{Blockquote|text=From Pauhunri emanates a large thrust, Dongkiya Range which strides southward for about 50 kilometre. It is separated from Tsen-gui kang by a fracturing belt of the Lachung chhu valley and leans over the Chola Range just north of Cho la (4435m).... The stream Rate chhu originates near Cho la which makes the boundary between North and East Sikkim, and ultimately plunges into the river Tista near Dikchu. The Range Chola extends further south for 20 kilometre along the eastern boundary of East Sikkim and acts as the water-divide between Rangpo-De chhu valleys lying in the district and Ammo chhu in Tibet..... De chhu excavates a narrow valley in south-eastern portion of the area, cuts deeply the last tip of Chola Range and ultimately flows southward through a glen to mark the boundary between Darjiling district and Bhutan.}}

Political importance

It was established as the border between Sikkim and Tibet's Chumbi Valley by the 1890 Convention of Calcutta reached between British India and Qing China. The Convention deemed the Dongkya Range to end at Mount Gipmochi at the southern end, which was defined as the trijunction between India, Tibet and Bhutan. However the Doklam plateau at the southern end gives rise to complications and the present day border dispute between Bhutan and China.

Dongkya Range is politically important, however S. G. Burrard, H. H. Hayden and A. Heron comment that while Dongkya Range is politically important, "but from a Himalayan point of view too great a topographical emphasis was given to them upon maps".{{Cite book|last1=Burrard|first1=Sidney Gerald|url=http://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.2544|title=A Sketch of the Geography and Geology of Himalaya Mountains and Tibet|last2=Hayden|first2=Henry Hubert|last3=Heron|first3=Alexander |publisher=Manager of Publications. Sold at the Office of the Geodetic Branch, Survey of India, Dehra Dun.|year=1933|location=Delhi|pages=213|author-link=Sidney Gerald Burrard|author-link2=Henry Hubert Hayden|author-link3=Alexander Heron|via=Internet Archive}}

Passes and peaks

= Passes =

Dongkha La
Cho La (Chola range)
Yak La (Chola range)
Nathu La (Chola range)
Jelep La (Chola range)

= Mountains =

Pauhunri (7,128 meters){{Cite book|last=Iozawa|first=Tomoya|url=http://archive.org/details/trekkinginhimala0000ioza|title=Trekking in the Himalayas|date=1985|publisher=Union City, CA : Heian International|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-0-89346-212-3|pages=201}}
Khangchengyao (6,889 meters)
Gurudongmar (6,715 meters)
Chugalung (5,759 meters)
Dopendikang (5,359 meters)

Gallery

File:1898 Sikhim and Adjoining Territories by Waddell.jpg|1898 Sikhim and Adjoining Territories by Laurence Waddell

File:1903 Routes between Tibet and India by O'Connor.jpg|1903 by William O'Connor

File:Map of Tibet, Phari Dzong and Chumbi Valley, Tibet in 1963, from- India and Pakistan 1 250,000 Phari Dzong (cropped).jpg|1955 by US Army Map Service

File:1965 Relief map of Bhutan. 3-65. LOC 75695011 (cropped).tif|1965 by US Central Intelligence Agency

References and notes

;Notes

;Citations

;Bibliography

{{Cite journal|last=Samanta|first=Samir Kumar|date=December 2019|title=Geomorphic Units of The Sikkim Himalaya|url=https://ilee.org.in/PdfDocs/ILEE_Volume_42_No2_December_2019.pdf#page=147|journal=Indian Journal of Landscape Systems and Ecological Studies|volume=42|issue=2|pages=148|issn=0971-4170|ref={{sfnref|Samanta, Geomorphic Units of The Sikkim Himalaya|2019}}}}