Double mini trampoline
{{short description|Gymnastics discipline}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox sport
| name = Double mini trampoline
| image = File:Mikhail Zalomin mid flip.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = 9 Time World Double Mini Trampoline Champion Mikhail Zalomin, at the 2018 World Championships
| union = International Gymnastics Federation
| country/region = Worldwide
| team = Individuals or Teams of 3 or 4
| mgender = No
| category = Gymnastic sport
| olympic = No
}}
Double mini trampoline, sometimes referred to as double mini or DMT, is a gymnastics discipline within trampolining. Participants perform acrobatic skills on an apparatus smaller than a regular competition trampoline. The apparatus has both an angled section and a flat section. Unlike individual trampoline, where scoring is predominantly determined by execution, time of flight and difficulty, the difficulty in DMT plays a more prominent role in the final score.
A DMT routine or pass consist of two phases. The first phase is called a "mount"; during this phase the athlete jumps onto the angled part and flips off of it onto the flat part. The first phase can also be performed by jumping, without flips or twist, onto the flat part and then commencing the first flip or twist. In this case the first phase is called a "spotter". The second phase starts on the flat part and is called a "dismount"; the athlete lands the first flipping sequences from phase one and immediately launches into a second series of flips and twists before landing on a mat.
The athletes are judged on difficulty and execution.{{Cite journal|last=Trampoline Codes of points (COP)|date=|title=APPENDIX to the CODES of POINTS (COP)|url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/publicdir/rules/files/en_Appendix%20to%20the%20Code%20of%20Points.pdf|journal=Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique|volume=|pages=|via=}}{{dead link|date=May 2025}} Competitions may take place in teams or individually.{{Cite web|title=FIG - Discipline|url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/pages/disciplines/ele-dmt.php|access-date=2021-01-15|website=www.gymnastics.sport}}
DMT is governed by the FIG, the International Federation of Gymnastics, and is included as an event within Trampoline Gymnastics. Although not an Olympic event yet, Elite DMT athletes compete at an international level and can compete in various events organised by the FIG as well as at the World Games.
History
DMT can be sourced back to 1970 when its inventors Robert F Bollinger and George Nissen combined two mini trampolines with a small table and mat to cover in between. Later Robert F Bollinger combined the two mini trampolines to create one 430 cm long Double Mini Trampoline and also designed the rules for competition and terms such as the mounter and spotter passes and he established its own difficulty system roughly based on the system used for diving.{{cite web |title=History of trampoline and tumbling |url=https://usagym.org/pages/post.html?PostID=852&prog=h |website=usagym.org |publisher=USA Gymnastics |access-date=20 January 2021}}{{cite web|last=|first=|date=12 November 2011|title=What is a double mini trampoline|url=https://flippingouttnt.wordpress.com/2011/11/12/what-is-a-double-mini-trampoline/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128063605/https://flippingouttnt.wordpress.com/2011/11/12/what-is-a-double-mini-trampoline/ |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=20 January 2021|website=flippingouttnt|publisher=Flipping out T&T}} Robert F Bollinger was part of George Nissen's trampoline act and just as Nissen can be seen as the father of trampoline, Robert F Bollinger can be seen as the father of Double Mini Trampoline.{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Biography: BOLLINGER, Robert F. (1929-2007)|url=https://usghof.org/files/bio/r_bollinger/r_bollinger.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120140217/http://www.usghof.org/files/bio/r_bollinger/r_bollinger.html |archive-date=20 November 2008 |access-date=20 January 2021|website=Gymnastic hall of fame|publisher=Gymnastics Hall of Fame}}
The first record of a double mini competition comes from the Trampoline Gymnastics World Age Group Competitions in 1973 held in London, England.{{Cite web|last=Munn|first=Dagmar|date=10 September 2015|title=1973 - 1st World Age Group Games, London|url=http://trampolinehistory.blogspot.com/2015/09/1973-1st-world-age-group-games.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528064526/http://trampolinehistory.blogspot.com:80/2015/09/1973-1st-world-age-group-games.html |archive-date=28 May 2017 |access-date=20 January 2021|website=}} Athletes competing had little experience in the new apparatus and Robert F Bollinger jumped in and provided personal training on the Friday afternoon for the athletes wishing to compete the following day. Double mini was first introduced into the Trampoline World Championships, only six years after its invention, in the 1976, 9th Trampoline World Championships in Tulsa.{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Trampoline Gymnastics Past Results|url=https://live.fig-gymnastics.com/result/res-tra.php#|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830011029/https://live.fig-gymnastics.com/result/res-tra.php |archive-date=30 August 2017 |access-date=20 January 2021|website=fig-gymnastic}}
The DMT as we see it today is wider than the one Robert F Bollinger and George Nissen first created, and the change came mid 1990 when Horst Kunze, then President of the FIG Trampoline Technical Committee, asked Eurotramp Trampoline company if they could produce a DMT with a wider frame. This resulted in a wider DMT with a bed of 92 cm, which Horst Kunze states gave a real boost to the discipline. Since then this has been the international standard.{{cite web |title=Ever higher: Innovations elevated three Trampoline disciplines to the next level |url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/site/news/displaynews.php?idNews=3067&fbclid=IwAR15-nKBQckV0YBHQoLppMTMMGc_S4SDqckQ2kmrJ7NIw105hKngMCRGELw |website=gymnastic.sport |publisher=FIG |access-date=16 February 2021}}
Skills
Some common skills performed at international level competitions are:{{Cite web|last=FIG|date=9 July 2017|title=All about Double Mini-trampoline - We are Gymnastics!|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tMweEglMP4|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230102417/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tMweEglMP4 |archive-date=30 December 2017 |access-date=|website=YouTube}}
A Comprehensive list of skills can be found in FIG Code of Point Difficulty.
= Full-In Full-Out =
Also known as Double-Twisting Double Back
FIG Code 822
A somersault commonly used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a double somersault with a double twist, full twist in the first somersault and full twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked, piked or straight.
= Triple Back Somersault =
= Miller =
Also known as Full in Double-Full Out or Triple-Twisting Double back
FIG Code 833
A somersault used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a double somersault with a triple twist. This skill is named after world champion Wayne Miller (USA). This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.
= Full-In Half-Out =
Also known as Full-Half, Full-In Barani-Out or Full-Barani
FIG Code 821
A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a double somersault with a one and a half twist, full twist in the first somersault and half twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.
= Fliffis =
Also known as Half-Out
FIG Code 8-1
A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a double somersault with a half twist, no twist in the first somersault and half twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.
= Triffis =
Also known as Half-out Triffis or 'Triff'
FIG Code 12--1
A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a triple somersault with a half twist, no twist in the first two somersaults and a half twist in the third somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked or piked.
FIG Code of Point Difficulty
The difficulty in double mini is based upon a bonus system, where the number of rotation and twists are multiplied and then the position is added.{{cite web |title=Double mini trampoline difficulty |url=http://www.doublemini.net/doublemini/scoring/difficulty/ |website=doublemini.net |access-date=19 January 2021}} The positions are tuck, pike and straight which are represented by "O" for Tuck, "<" for Pike and "/" for Straight
The FIG numeric system works as follows, first number is the amount of 1/4-rotations second number is the amount of 1/2-twist, the twists are divided into where in the skill they occur.
Example: Full-In Half-Out (8 2 1) has a total of 8 1/4-rotations corresponding to the first 8 then it has 2 1/2-twists in the first somersault corresponding to the 2 and 1 1/2-twists the second somersault corresponding to the 1
FIG World Championship results
=Men's Individual=
| {{MedalistTable|type=Year|location=yes|columns=2}} |
| 1976
| Tulsa | {{flagIOCathlete|Ron Merriott|USA}} | 26.300 | {{flagIOCathlete|Rob Bollinger|USA}} | 26.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Derick Lotz|RSA}} | 25.200 |
| 1978
| {{flagIOCathlete|Stuart Ransom|USA}} | 25.900 | {{flagIOCathlete|Brett Austine|AUS}} | 25.900 | {{flagIOCathlete|Don Zasadny|USA}} | 24.700 |
| 1980
| Brig | {{flagIOCathlete|Derick Lotz|RSA}} | 25.200 | {{flagIOCathlete|Manfred Schwedler|FRG}} | 23.600 | {{flagIOCathlete|Brett Austine & Stephen Evetts|AUS}} | 23.300 |
| 1982
| Bozeman | {{flagIOCathlete|Brett Austine|AUS}} | 26.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Derick Lotz|RSA}} | 26.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Manfred Schwedler|FRG}} | 25.800 |
| 1984
| Osaka | {{flagIOCathlete|Brett Austine|AUS}} | 26.200 | {{flagIOCathlete|John Merritt|AUS}} | 25.300 | {{flagIOCathlete|Steve Elliott|USA}} | 25.000 |
| 1986
| Paris | {{flagIOCathlete|Brett Austine|AUS}} | 26.400 | {{flagIOCathlete|Terry Butler|USA}} | 25.900 | {{flagIOCathlete|Chad Fox|USA}} | 25.700 |
| 1988
| {{flagIOCathlete|Adrian Wareham|AUS}} | 27.500 | {{flagIOCathlete|Terry Butler|USA}} | 27.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Brett Austine|AUS}} | 26.600 |
| 1990
| Essen | {{flagIOCathlete|Adrian Wareham|AUS}} | 28.900 | {{flagIOCathlete|Jorge Moreira|POR}} | 28.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Steffen Eislöffel|FRG}} | 27.600 |
| 1992{{cite web|title=992 OFFICIAL VIDEO WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP TRAMPOLINE AUCKLAND|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?fbclid=IwAR1EO118iRcLGFi6oxROXF-aonMiSbm4dTgrHVFP3t2Ai_CNlK5S3V-COvs&v=DxZSeLx3a80&feature=youtu.be|access-date=19 January 2021|website=YouTube| date=7 November 2020 |publisher=Museo del Trampolín}}
| Auckland | {{flagIOCathlete|Jorge Pereira|POR}} | 28.670 | {{flagIOCathlete|Steffen Eislöffel|FRG}} | 28.530 | {{flagIOCathlete|Jeremy Brock|CAN}} | 28.400 |
| 1994
| Porto | {{flagIOCathlete|Jorge Pereira|POR}} | 12.130 | {{flagIOCathlete|Adrian Wareham|AUS}} | 11.900 | {{flagIOCathlete|Luis Nunes|POR}} | 11.800 |
| 1996
| {{flagIOCathlete|Chris Mitruk|CAN}} | 23.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Ji Wallace|AUS}} | 23.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Radostin Rachev|BUL}} | 23.440 |
| 1998
| Sydney | {{flagIOCathlete|Rodolfo Rangel|BRA}} | 24.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Joao Marques|POR}} | 24.130 | {{flagIOCathlete|Chris Mitruk|CAN}} | 23.200 |
| 1999
| Sun City | {{flagIOCathlete|Chris Mitruk|CAN}} | 25.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Jörg Gehrke|GER}} | 24.530 | {{flagIOCathlete|Rodolfo Rangel|BRA}} | 24.330 |
| 2001
| Odense | {{flagIOCathlete|Nuno Lico|POR}} | 63.900 | {{flagIOCathlete|Amadeu Neves|POR}} | 63.700 | {{flagIOCathlete|Rodolfo Rangel|BRA}} | 63.600 |
| 2003
| Hannover | {{flagIOCathlete|Alexey Ilichev|RUS}} | 64.500 | {{flagIOCathlete|Adam Menzies|CAN}} | 64.400 | {{flagIOCathlete|Nico Gärtner|GER}} | 63.900 |
| 2005
| {{flagIOCathlete|Radostin Rachev|BUL}} | 75.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Keith Douglas|USA}} | 73.400 | {{flagIOCathlete|Nico Gärtner|GER}} | 73.100 |
| 2007
| {{flagIOCathlete|Kirill Ivanov|RUS}} | 78.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Denis Vachon|CAN}} | 73.600 | {{flagIOCathlete|Kalon Ludvigson|USA}} | 71.600 |
| 2009
| {{flagIOCathlete|André Lico|POR}} | 75.500 | {{flagIOCathlete|Tim Lunding|SWE}} | 69.600 | {{flagIOCathlete|André Fernandes|POR}} | 69.300 |
| 2010
| Metz | {{flagIOCathlete|André Lico|POR}} | 73.400 | {{flagIOCathlete|Austin White|USA}} | 73.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Evgeny Chernoivanov|RUS}} | 72.700 |
| 2011
| {{flagIOCathlete|Bruno Martini|BRA}} | 70.200 | {{flagIOCathlete|Austin White|USA}} | 69.700 | {{flagIOCathlete|Evgeny Chernoivanov|RUS}} | 68.700 |
| 2013
| Sofia | {{flagIOCathlete|Mikhail Zalomin|RUS}} | 77.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Alexander Renkert|USA}} | 73.200 | {{flagIOCathlete|Bruno Nobre|POR}} | 69.200 |
| 2014
| {{flagIOCathlete|Mikhail Zalomin|RUS}} | 78.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Austin White|USA}} | 77.500 | {{flagIOCathlete|Austin Nacey|USA}} | 74.500 |
| 2015
| Odense | {{flagIOCathlete|Austin White|USA}} | 79.600 | {{flagIOCathlete|Mikhail Zalomin|RUS}} | 78.400 | {{flagIOCathlete|Matthew Weal|USA}} | 74.800 |
| 2017
| Sofia | {{flagIOCathlete|Mikhail Zalomin|RUS}} | 78.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Austin Nacey|USA}} | 78.300 | {{flagIOCathlete|Aleksandr Odinsov|RUS}} | 76.900 |
| 2018
| {{flagIOCathlete|Mikhail Zalomin|RUS}} | 78.200 | {{flagIOCathlete|Ruben Padilla|USA}} | 73.500 | {{flagIOCathlete|Lucas Adorno|ARG}} | 72.400 |
| 2019
| Tokyo | {{flagIOCathlete|Mikhail Zalomin|RUS}} | 77.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Ruben Padilla|USA}} | 76.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Alexander Renkert|USA}} | 74.100 |
| 2021
| Baku | {{flagIOCathlete|Vasilii Makarskii|RUS}} | 77.400 | {{flagIOCathlete|Diogo Cabral|POR}} | 75.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Ruben Padilla|USA}} | 74.900 |
| 2022
| Sofia | {{flagIOCathlete|Ruben Padilla|USA}} | 30.200 | {{flagIOCathlete|Gavin Dodd|CAN}} | 29.200 | {{flagIOCathlete|Tomas Minc|USA}} | 29.100 |
| 2023
| {{flagIOCathlete|Ruben Padilla|USA}} | 30.600 | {{flagIOCathlete|David Franco|ESP}} | 29.300 | {{flagIOCathlete|Tiago Sampaio Romao|POR}} | 23.600 |
Result are correct according to FIG's database as well as official records from the competition
=Women's Individual=
| {{MedalistTable|type=Year|location=yes|columns=2}} |
| 1976
| Tulsa | {{flagIOCathlete|Leigh Hennessey|USA}} | 24.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Denise Seal |USA}} | 24.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Nancy Boham|USA}} | 20.300 |
| 1978
| {{flagIOCathlete|Leigh Hennessey|USA}} | 22.900 | {{flagIOCathlete|Norma Lehto |CAN}} | 21.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Bethany Fairchild |USA}} | 21.400 |
| 1980
| Brig | {{flagIOCathlete|Bethany Fairchild |USA}} | 22.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Norma Lehto |CAN}} | 22.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Charlene Geyser|RSA}} | 20.700 |
| 1982
| Bozeman | {{flagIOCathlete|Christine Tough|CAN}} | 24.300 | {{flagIOCathlete|Gabriele Dreier|FRG}} | 24.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Bethany Fairchild |USA}} | 23.700 |
| 1984
| Osaka | {{flagIOCathlete|Gabriele Dreier|FRG}} | 23.500 | {{flagIOCathlete|Cherie Mathers|AUS}} | 23.300 | {{flagIOCathlete|Vicki Bullock|CAN}} & {{flagIOCathlete|Lesley Stephens|AUS}} | 22.600 |
| 1986
| Paris | {{flagIOCathlete|Bettina Lehmann|FRG}} | 24.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Marie-Andrée Richard |CAN}} | 23.400 | {{flagIOCathlete|Gabriele Dreier|FRG}} | 23.000 |
| 1988
| {{flagIOCathlete|Elisabeth Jensen |AUS}} | 24.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Lisa Newman-Morris|AUS}} | 23.600 | {{flagIOCathlete|Gabriele Dreier|FRG}} | 22.800 |
| 1990
| Essen | {{flagIOCathlete|Lisa Newman-Morris|AUS}} | 24.600 | {{flagIOCathlete|Kylie Walker|NZL}} | 24.500 | {{flagIOCathlete|Elisabeth Jensen |AUS}} | 24.500 |
| 1992
| Auckland | {{flagIOCathlete|Kylie Walker|NZL}} | 26.270 | {{flagIOCathlete|Donna White |AUS}} | 25.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Robyn Forbes |AUS}} | 24.200 |
| 1994
| Porto | {{flagIOCathlete|Kylie Walker|NZL}} | 11.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Jaime Strandmark|USA}} | 11.030 | {{flagIOCathlete|Kimberley Sans|USA}} | 10.800 |
| 1996
| {{flagIOCathlete|Jennifer Sans|USA}} | 21.730 | {{flagIOCathlete|Lisa Colussi|CAN}} | 21.480 | {{flagIOCathlete|Maria Oliveira|POR}} | 20.690 |
| 1998
| Sydney | {{flagIOCathlete|Kylie Walker|NZL}} | 21.860 | {{flagIOCathlete|Jennifer Parilla|USA}} | 21.400 | {{flagIOCathlete|Teodora Sinilkova|BUL}} | 21.270 |
| 1999
| Sun City | {{flagIOCathlete|Lisa Colussi-Mitruk|CAN}} | 22.400 | {{flagIOCathlete|Marina Mourinova|RUS}} | 21.470 | {{flagIOCathlete|Erin Maguire|USA}} | 21.270 |
| 2001
| Odense | {{flagIOCathlete|Marina Mourinova|RUS}} | 62.200 | {{flagIOCathlete|Monica Fernandez|POR}} | 61.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Katarina Prokesova|SVK}} | 61.100 |
| 2003
| Hannover | {{flagIOCathlete|Sarah Charles|CAN}} | 62.200 | {{flagIOCathlete|Antonia Ivanova|BUL}} | 61.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Shelly Klochan|USA}} | 61.600 |
| 2005
| {{flagIOCathlete|Silvia Saiote|POR}} | 65.700 | {{flagIOCathlete|Anna Ivanova |RUS}} | 65.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Ana Simoes|POR}} | 64.700 |
| 2007
| {{flagIOCathlete|Sarah Charles|CAN}} | 70.900 | {{flagIOCathlete|Julie Warnock|CAN}} | 69.700 | {{flagIOCathlete|Kaci Barry|USA}} | 68.800 |
| 2009
| {{flagIOCathlete|Victoria Voronina|RUS}} | 68.300 | {{flagIOCathlete|Galina Goncharenko|RUS}} | 68.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Corissa Boychuck|CAN}} | 67.100 |
| 2010
| Metz | {{flagIOCathlete|Corissa Boychuck|CAN}} | 70.500 | {{flagIOCathlete|Bianca Budler** |RSA}} | 70.300 | {{flagIOCathlete|Svetlana Balandian|RUS}} | 70.200 |
| 2011
| {{flagIOCathlete|Svetlana Balandian|RUS}} | 70.200 | {{flagIOCathlete|Bianca Zoonekynd**|RSA}} | 69.700 | {{flagIOCathlete|Victoria Voronina|RUS}} | 68.700 |
| 2013
| Sofia | {{flagIOCathlete|Kristle Lowell|USA}} | 71.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Svetlana Balandian|RUS}} | 70.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Jasmin Short|GBR}} | 68.600 |
| 2014
| {{flagIOCathlete|Erin Jauch|USA}} | 71.400 | {{flagIOCathlete|Jasmin Short|GBR}} | 70.300 | {{flagIOCathlete|Polina Troianova|RUS}} | 66.000 |
| 2015
| Odense | {{flagIOCathlete|Erin Jauch|USA}} | 71.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Jasmin Short|GBR}} | 69.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Lina Sjöberg|SWE}} | 67.900 |
| 2017
| Sofia | {{flagIOCathlete|Bianca Zoonekynd**|RSA}} | 68.900 | {{flagIOCathlete|Polina Troianova|RUS}} | 67.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Lina Sjöberg|SWE}} | 67.200 |
| 2018
| {{flagIOCathlete|Lina Sjöberg|SWE}} | 72.100 | {{flagIOCathlete|Melania Rodriguez|ESP}} | 70.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Kristle Lowell|USA}} | 67.700 |
| 2019
| Tokyo | {{flagIOCathlete|Lina Sjöberg|SWE}} | 69.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Bronwyn Dibb|NZL}} | 68.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Alekandra Bonartseva|RUS}} | 68.200 |
| 2021
| Baku | {{flagIOCathlete|Lina Sjöberg|SWE}} | 70.900 | {{flagIOCathlete|Shelby Nobuhara|USA}} | 70.000 | {{flagIOCathlete|Melania Rodriguez|ESP}} | 69.600 |
| 2022
| Sofia | {{flagIOCathlete|Bronwyn Dibb|NZL}} | 24.900 | {{flagIOCathlete|Tristan van Natta|USA}} | 24.800 | {{flagIOCathlete|Cheyanna Robinson|AUS}} | 24.000 |
| 2023
| {{flagIOCathlete|Melania Rodriguez|ESP}} | 26.300 | {{flagIOCathlete|Aliah Raga|USA}} | 26.200 | {{flagIOCathlete|Grace Harder|USA}} | 26.100 |
**Bianca Budler and Bianca Zoonekynd is the same person
Result are correct according to FIG's database as well as official records from the competition