Douglas C-132
{{Short description|Proposed American military transport aircraft}}
{{redirect|C-132|the fictional characters|Rick Sanchez#Rick C-132|and|Morty Smith#Morty C-132}}
{{Infobox aircraft
|name = C-132
|image = Douglas C-132.jpg
|caption = Artist's concept of the C-132
|type= Cargo transport
|national_origin = United States
|manufacturer= Douglas Aircraft Company
|designer=
|first_flight=
|introduction=
|retired=
|status= Cancelled in 1957
|primary_user=United States Air Force (intended)
|more_users=
|produced=
|number_built= 0
|developed_from = C-124 Globemaster II
|variants =
}}
The Douglas C-132 was an American military transport aircraft proposed in the 1950s by the Douglas Aircraft Company, based on the company's C-124 Globemaster II. The C-132 would have been the largest aircraft of its era.
Development
In January 1951, the United States Air Force (USAF) issued a request for a preliminary design of a heavy cargo transport aircraft. The aircraft needed the ability to transport {{convert|100000|lb|kg|abbr=off}} of payload {{convert|3500|nmi|mi km nmi|order=out|abbr=off|sp=us}}.{{R|"HouseAppropForDoD1958"|pp=1112}} By December 1952, the USAF selected a proposal from the Douglas Aircraft Company, which would serve as a cargo transport and as an air-to-air refueling tanker.{{R|"DarkAges"|pp=26–27}} The Douglas design was given the designation of C-132 by April 1953, and a mockup of the C-132 was built in February 1954.{{R|"HouseAppropForDoD1958"|pp=1112}} Douglas announced in December 1954 that the C-132 would be powered by the Pratt & Whitney T57 engine, a new turboprop in the {{convert|15000|hp|kW|abbr=off|adj=pre|equivalent shaft}} class. The T57 would be flight tested on a Douglas C-124 Globemaster II testbed aircraft. The USAF expected the T57 engine to be flown experimentally within two years, and it hoped the engine would be operational within five years.
At about the same time, USAF leadership began speaking about a turboprop aircraft that could transport {{convert|80|ST|lb kg}} across the Atlantic Ocean in ten hours. The next month, the USAF confirmed that the C-132 was the aircraft with that capability, which meant the C-132 would have more payload capacity than three Douglas C-124Bs, then the largest cargo transport aircraft. In November 1955, the USAF announced that the mockup would be moved from Douglas's main Santa Monica, California factory to its Tulsa, Oklahoma plant, where production of the C-132 would occur if a production contract was awarded. The mockup was set up in the Tulsa factory by January 1956. While the move was being made, flight testing of the T57 engine was planned for early 1956,{{R|"Yearbook1955"|page=149}} but the engine did not fly until early autumn of 1956.{{R|"Yearbook1956"|page=166}} In its May 1956 congressional testimony, the USAF praised the C-132 tankering capabilities, including its large capacity, low cargo costs per ton-mile, and ability to fly at high altitudes,{{R|"StudyOfAirpower1956"|p=453}} but it then canceled the tanker version of the aircraft in mid-1956.{{R|"DarkAges"|pp=26–27}} The USAF offered more details about the C-132 in October, now describing an overload payload of {{cvt|200000|lb}}, a cruise speed of Mach 0.8, and a maximum speed higher than Mach 0.9. Another report at the beginning of November stated that Douglas had begun "cutting tin" on the C-132, which was described as a {{convert|500|mi/h|kn mi/h km/h|abbr=off|order=out|adj=mid|sp=us}} aircraft with a payload capacity of {{cvt|150000|lb}} and the ability to carry 300-400 troops or passengers.
First flight was originally planned for April 1957, but the target slipped to mid-1959. The USAF had planned to buy 30 aircraft, and they would be delivered at an annual rate of six aircraft, beginning in early 1961.{{R|"HouseAppropForDoD1958"|pp=1112}}
On February 14, 1957, the USAF issued a news release describing the C-132 as the new "giant of the airways," which would weigh over {{cvt|500000|lb}}, carry 200,000 pounds, travel at a cruise speed faster than {{cvt|460|mi/h|kn mi/h km/h|order=out|sp=us}}, transport a {{cvt|28|ST|lb kg|adj=mid}} light tank, and have the ability to take off and land on conventional-length runways through its undercarriage setup of two nose wheels and 16 main landing gear wheels. The news release, which was carried widely in American mass-circulation newspapers and magazines, also had photographs of the C-132 mockup in Tulsa. However, the USAF retracted its statement five days later, saying that it only had a development contract with Douglas to build two C-132 prototypes, and that it was considering the termination of the project. The unauthorized news release embarrassed the USAF, since the upcoming fiscal 1958 defense budget contained almost no money for new transport aircraft. In its retraction, the USAF did not mention that on December 31, 1956, it had already sent a report to the United States Congress, informing them of its decision to remove the C-132 from its aircraft program.
The project was officially cancelled on March 20, 1957, after $104 million had been allocated and $70 million of non-recoverable costs had been spent on the program.{{R|"HouseAppropForDoD1958"|pp=2260–2261}} Oklahoma's congressional delegation pushed back against the cancellation, and Douglas publicly campaigned for C-132 funding restoration to improve the nation's airlift capability and allow for long-range transport of intercontinental ballistic missiles. Douglas also denied rumors that problems with the development of the engine caused the cancellation. Douglas did not respond to assertions that budget restrictions and increasing requirements from the Strategic Air Command were responsible, although in June 1956, a former USAF research and development official testified to the United States Senate that C-132 program initiation was withheld for two years, even after they had determined that the engine development risk was manageable enough to support the program's go-ahead.{{R|"StudyOfAirpower1956"|p=1110}} However, the project was not revived. No prototype was built, and the project did not get past the mockup stage.
Design
The C-132 was to be powered by four {{convert|15000|shp}} Pratt & Whitney T57 turboprops, mounted on a swept wing. The T57 was to be the most powerful turboprop engine in existence at the time. It also would have used the largest propeller at the time, the {{convert|20|ft|m|sp=us|abbr=off|adj=mid|diameter}} Hamilton Standard B48P6A propeller. The T57 turboprops provided {{convert|5000|lbf|kN kgf|abbr=off}} of residual jet thrust.{{R|"TaylorAAHS2005"|p=20}} The XKC-132 air refueling version would only have utilized the probe and drogue (P&D) air refueling system. That system, used primarily by the US Navy, did not find favor with the USAF.{{R|"Connors"|p=294}} Projected speed was to be {{cvt|418|knot|mi/h km/h}} with a range of {{cvt|2200|nmi|mi km nmi|order=out}} and a maximum payload of {{cvt|137000|lb}}.
The C-132 was a triple-decker aircraft with a cargo space measuring {{cvt|95|ft|m}} long, {{cvt|17|ft}} wide, and {{cvt|12+1/2|ft}} high. The main cargo hold had a usable volume of {{convert|15662|cuft|m3|sp=us|abbr=off}}. The aircraft had a dual wheel nose landing gear, while the main landing gear had 16 wheels arranged in two coaxial quadruple wheel units that operate in tandem under each side of the fuselage.
Specifications (C-132)
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I, The Encyclopedia of World Aircraft
|prime units?=imp
|crew=Pilot, co-pilot, navigator, systems engineer, and 3-member relief team
|length ft=183
|length in=10
|length note=
|span ft=186
|span in=8
|span note=
|height ft=
|height in=
|height note=
|wing area sqft=4201
|wing area note=
|swept area sqft=
|swept area note=
|volume ft3=
|volume note=
|aspect ratio=
|airfoil=
|empty weight lb=
|empty weight note=
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight lb=389500
|max takeoff weight note=cargo configuration
::::{{cvt|469225|lb}} tanker configuration
|fuel capacity=
|lift lb=
|lift note=
|more general=
|eng1 number=4
|eng1 name=Pratt & Whitney T57-P-1
|eng1 type=turboprop engines
|eng1 shp=15000
|prop blade number=4
|prop name=Hamilton Standard Model B48P6A hollow-steel, single-rotation, constant-speed fully-feathering reversible propellers
|prop dia ft=20
|prop dia in=
|prop dia note=
- Maximum blade chord: {{cvt|22|in|cm}}
- Length: {{cvt|5.5|ft|ftin m|order=out}}
- Weight: {{cvt|3600|lb|kg}}
|perfhide=
|max speed mph=
|max speed note=
|max speed mach=
|cruise speed mph=460
|cruise speed note=or more for the cargo transport version; {{cvt|512|mi/h|km/h kn}} at {{cvt|20000|ft}} altitude for the tanker version{{R|"ULA1940-1970"|p=[{{GBurl|id=I5hUDwAAQBAJ|p=87}} 87]}}
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed mph=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed note=
|range miles=2950
|range note=carrying {{cvt|175000|lb}} of cargo; {{cvt|3500|mi|km nmi}} carrying {{cvt|100000|lb}} of cargo
|combat range miles=2475
|combat range note=transferring {{cvt|19550|USgal|impgal l}} of fuel
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=
|ceiling note=
|g limits=
|roll rate=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=
}}
See also
{{aircontent
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
|see also=
}}
References
{{reflist|refs=
{{cite book|last= Connors |first= Jack |editor-surname=Allen |editor-given=Ned |title= The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History |publisher= American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics |location= Reston. Virginia |date= 2010 |isbn= 978-1-60086-711-8 |oclc=435918238 |doi=10.2514/4.867293}}
{{cite journal |issn=0002-7553 |publisher=American Aviation Historical Society |journal=AAHS Journal |volume=50 |number=1 |pages=13–27 |title=Douglas C-132 |given=Cal |surname=Taylor |publication-date=Spring 2005 |url=https://www.aahs-online.org/journals/journal_template.php?vol_no=v50n1#Article%202 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2020-05-20 |archive-date=2020-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711010431/http://www.aahs-online.org/journals/journal_template.php?vol_no=v50n1#Article%202 |url-status=dead }}
{{cite magazine |issn=0005-2175 |magazine=Aviation Week |title=Nose-Mounted Prop |url=https://archive.org/details/Aviation_Week_1957-10-21/page/n53 |publication-date=October 21, 1957 |page=106 |volume=67 |number=16}}
- {{cite magazine |issn=1943-1147 |magazine=Military Review |title=Giant Transport Plane |url=http://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p124201coll1/id/732 |department=Military Notes around the World |publication-date=June 1957 |page=71 |volume=37 |number=3 |via=Ike Skelton Combined Arms Research Library Digital Library}}
{{cite news |issn=1930-8965 |work=The Baltimore Sun |title=U.S. Airlift Case Taken to Public: Douglas Firm Seeks Funds for Steady Expansion |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/376009277/ |publication-date=March 26, 1957 |location=Washington, D.C. |date=March 25, 1957 |given= Mark S. |surname=Watson |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite news |issn=0458-3035 |work=Los Angeles Times |title=Jet Transport Plateau Seen |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/381120556/ |publication-date=March 24, 1957 |page=A16 |department=Skyways |given=Marvin |surname=Miles |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite magazine |issn=0161-7370 |magazine=Popular Science Monthly |title=World's Largest Plane Will Carry 50 Tons to Europe Overnight |url={{GBurl|id=byEDAAAAMBAJ|p=112}}#v=twopage |pages=112–113 |publication-date=March 1957 |volume=170 |number=3}}
{{cite magazine |issn=0005-2175 |magazine=Aviation Week |url=https://archive.org/details/Aviation_Week_1957-02-25/page/n175 |pages=346–347 |department=News of the Week |title=Industry Responds to Austerity Budget |publication-date=February 25, 1957 |volume=66 |number=8}}
{{cite news |issn=1042-4121 |work=Wilmington Morning News |title=Air Force Retracts Claim on 'New Giant of Airways' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/155598213/ |publication-date=February 20, 1957 |date=February 19, 1957 |page=44 |location=Washington, D.C. |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite news |issn=1042-4121 |work=Wilmington Morning News |title=Air Force Discloses New Giant Cargo Plane |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/155593739/ |publication-date=February 15, 1957 |date=February 14, 1957 |page=6 |location=Washington, D.C. |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite news |issn=1930-9600 |work=St. Louis Post-Dispatch |title=Air Force Receives Transport Capable of Carrying 400 Men |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22009334/st-louis-post-dispatch/ |publication-date=December 10, 1956 |page=14A |location=Ardmore Air Force Base, Oklahoma |agency=Associated Press |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite news |issn=0099-9660 |work=The Wall Street Journal |title=A Special Background Report on Trends in Industry and Finance |publication-date=November 1, 1956 |page=1 |department=Business Bulletin }}
{{cite magazine |issn=0005-2175 |magazine=Aviation Week |title=First Douglas C-132 Details |url=https://archive.org/details/Aviation_Week_1956-10-22/page/n17 |page=35 |publication-date=October 22, 1956 |volume=65 |number=17 |location=Los Angeles, California}}
{{cite news |oclc=9247813 |work=Daily Oklahoman |title=Tulsa Is Given Plane Contract |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/449632924/ |publication-date=May 4, 1956 |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{cite news |issn=0362-4331 |work=The New York Times |title=New U.S. Aircraft to Carry 80 tons; Talbott Confirms It Will Haul More Than Three Times Present Highest Load |date=8 January 1955 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1955/01/08/archives/new-us-aircraft-to-carry-80-tons-talbott-confirms-it-will-haul-more.html |url-access=subscription |publication-date=January 8, 1955 |page=4}}
{{cite magazine |issn=0005-2175 |magazine=Aviation Week |title=Industry Observer |url=https://archive.org/details/Aviation_Week_1955-11-14/page/n4 |page=9 |publication-date=November 14, 1955 |volume=63 |number=20}}
{{cite magazine |issn=0005-2175 |magazine=Aviation Week |title=Industry Observer |url=https://archive.org/details/Aviation_Week_1955-11-07/page/n4 |page=9 |publication-date=November 7, 1955 |volume=63 |number=19}}
{{cite magazine |issn=0005-2175 |magazine=Aviation Week |title=Industry Observer |url=https://archive.org/details/Aviation_Week_1954-12-27/page/n5 |page=11 |publication-date=December 27, 1954 |volume=61 |number=26}}
{{cite magazine |issn=0005-2175 |magazine=Aviation Week |title=Big Turboprop |url=https://archive.org/details/Aviation_Week_1954-12-06/page/n7 |page=14 |publication-date=December 6, 1954 |volume=61 |number=23}}
{{cite magazine |issn=0005-2175 |magazine=Aviation Week |title=Industry Observer |url=https://archive.org/details/Aviation_Week_1954-12-06/page/n5 |page=11 |publication-date=December 6, 1954 |volume=61 |number=23}}
{{cite magazine |issn=0005-2175 |magazine=Aviation Week |title=Industry Observer |url=https://archive.org/details/Aviation_Week_1953-04-27/page/n5 |page=11 |publication-date=April 27, 1953 |volume=58 |number=17}}
}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite magazine |issn=0002-2349 |magazine=Air Force and Space Digest |title=Challenge to Aviation in the Cold War |url={{GBurl|id=p0owXA8LX1MC|p=43}} |given=Claude |surname=Witze |pages=43–47 |publication-date=January 1961 |volume=44 |number=1}}
- {{cite magazine |issn=0004-2455 |magazine=Army |title=What About Airlift? |url={{GBurl|id=RzxEAQAAIAAJ|pg=RA1-PA22}}#v=twopage |publication-date=September 1958 |department=The Current Scene |pages=22–24 |given=John B. |surname=Spore |publisher=Association of the United States Army (AUSA) |volume=9 |number=2}}
- {{cite report |hdl=2027/umn.31951d02098000h |title=Inquiry into Satellite and Missile Programs. Pt. 1–3. |date=December 1957 – January 1958 |pages=[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951d02098000h?urlappend=%3Bseq=546 532]-533, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951d02098000h?urlappend=%3Bseq=1248 1234]-1237, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.31951d02098000h?urlappend=%3Bseq=1929 1899]-1910}}
- {{cite magazine |issn=0024-6336 |magazine=Look magazine |title=Douglas XC-132: Your First Look at the World's Largest Airplane |pages=82–84 |volume=21 |publication-date=March 5, 1957 |given=James J. Jr. |surname=Haggerty}}
- {{cite news |issn=1930-2533 |work=Indianapolis Star |title=Russ-wary Air Force Booms Air Cargo Fleet |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/105846704/ |publication-date=December 17, 1954 |page=14 |location=Washington, D.C. |agency=United Press |via=Newspapers.com}}
{{refend}}
External links
{{commons category|Douglas C-132}}
- {{cite AV media |work=Boeing Images |title=YC-132 Mockup at Douglas-Tulsa |url=https://secure.boeingimages.com/archive/YC-132-Mockup-at-Douglas-Tulsa-2F3XC5KDX4O.html |access-date=May 20, 2020}}
- {{cite web |title=My 22 Years with Douglas-Tulsa and Flying the B-47 for the Navy |url=https://b-47.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Flying-Navy.pdf |date=October 2011 |pages=1–2 |given=Dean |surname=Abrams |access-date=May 30, 2020}}
{{Douglas DC-4 family}}
{{Douglas aircraft}}
{{USAF transports}}
{{USAF system codes}}
Category:Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United States
Category:Four-engined tractor aircraft