Draft:Arboreal environments

Arboreal environments include tree roots, canopies, branches, leaves, and tree holes.

Trees provide food (fruits, insects, sap), shelter (nests, hollows), and protection from ground-based predators.{{Cite web |title=Animals that live in trees (and how they've adapted to survive) |url=https://www.plt.org/educator-tips/animals-live-trees/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=Project Learning Tree |language=en-US}}

Animals in arboreal environments have evolved various adaptations for navigating and living in trees, such as:

• Claws: Help with gripping branches.
• Prehensile tails: Used for grasping and balance.{{Cite web |date=2025-05-30 |title=Agile Mangabey, Cercocebus agilis - New England Primate Conservancy |url=https://neprimateconservancy.org/agile-mangabey/ |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=neprimateconservancy.org |language=en-US}}
• Strong legs and ankles: For jumping and climbing.
• Small body size: Facilitates movement in narrow spaces.
• Enhanced visual acuity: Important for depth perception and navigating branches.

Primates have forward-facing eyes, a characteristic that supports binocular vision, where both eyes produce slightly different images that the brain merges into one. This visual arrangement enhances depth perception, enabling more accurate assessment of distances. One of the most significant adaptations noted by supporters of the arboreal theory is the shift from olfactory to visual dominance. Living in trees, where depth perception is crucial for navigating between branches, primates developed enhanced visual acuity and binocular vision. This was essential not only for movement but also for detecting predators and foraging. high visual acuity allows primates to detect and interpret fine details in their environment. This capability is essential not only for finding food, such as small fruits, flowers, and insects, but also for detecting subtle movements, which could indicate the presence of predators or other threats. Enhanced visual acuity also aids in the social interactions that are crucial among many primate species, allowing individuals to recognize facial expressions and body language from a distance.{{Cite journal |last=Cartmill |first=Matt |date=1974-04-26 |title=Rethinking Primate Origins: The characteristic primate traits cannot be explained simply as adaptations to arboreal life. |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.184.4135.436 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=184 |issue=4135 |pages=436–443 |doi=10.1126/science.184.4135.436 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=4819676 |url-access=subscription}}

Monkeys, lemurs, and other primates are well-known for their arboreal lifestyles and adaptations.{{Cite web |title= |url=https://study.com/academy/lesson/arboreal-locomotion-definition-examples.html}}

Many bird species nest and forage in trees.{{Cite web|url=https://www.plt.org/educator-tips/animals-live-trees/|title=Animals that live in trees (and how they've adapted to survive)|website=Project Learning Tree}}

Lizards and snakes can be found in trees, with some species having prehensile tails or specialized feet for gripping.

Squirrels, sloths, and other mammals are adapted for climbing and living in trees.

Many insects and spiders are also adept at navigating and living in trees.

Arboreal environments support a wide variety of species, contributing to overall biodiversity.

Trees play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, water regulation, and carbon sequestration, all of which are impacted by arboreal habitats.{{Cite journal |title= Tree Diversity and Its Ecological Importance Value in Silvopastoral Systems: A Study along Elevational Gradients in the Sumaco Biosphere Reserve, Ecuadorian Amazon|date=2024 |doi=10.3390/land13030281 |doi-access=free |last1=Torres |first1=Bolier |last2=Herrera-Feijoo |first2=Robinson J. |last3=Torres-Navarrete |first3=Alexandra |last4=Bravo |first4=Carlos |last5=García |first5=Antón |journal=Land |volume=13 |issue=3 |page=281 |bibcode=2024Land...13..281T }}

Humans also utilize trees and their surrounding environments for recreation, timber, and other resources.{{Cite journal |last1=Roudavski |first1=Stanislav |last2=Rutten |first2=Julian |date=2020-03-25 |title=Towards more-than-human heritage: arboreal habitats as a challenge for heritage preservation |journal=Built Heritage |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=4 |doi=10.1186/s43238-020-00003-9 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2020BuHer...4....4R |issn=2662-6802}}{{Cite journal |last1=Böll |first1=Susanne |last2=Helmer |first2=Sebastian |date=2022-10-01 |title=Specified host plants of the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) – are lime trees and beech trees really at risk? |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-022-00627-2 |journal=Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection |language=en |volume=129 |issue=5 |pages=1021–1023 |doi=10.1007/s41348-022-00627-2 |pmid=35845106 |pmc=9266092 |bibcode=2022JPDP..129.1021B |issn=1861-3837}}

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