Draft:Conrad U. Brunner

Conrad U. Brunner studied architecture from 1962 at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich in Switzerland, he received his Architect's Diploma from Alfred Roth in 1967. Subsequently, he studied from 1968 at the University of Pennsylvania USA in the Stuart Weitzman School of Design the master class of Louis I. Kahn. He earned his Master of Architecture degree in 1969. At this time he won the design competition for the [https://www.design.upenn.edu/graduate-admissions/weitzman-school-awards-and-prizes F. Schenk-Henry Gillette Woodman Scholarship] that helped him to continue his work from 1971 to 1972 in Japan.

File:Conrad U. Brunner (2002).jpg

He worked from 1968 to 1971 as a staff architect with Louis I. Kahn (*1901 to 1974) in the office in Philadelphia, USA. His main assignment was the [https://www.artscampusfw.org/arts-campus-venues/arts-united-center/ Theater in Fort Wayne Indiana]. He then worked from 1971 to 1972 in the office of Fumihiko Maki (*1928 to 2024) in Tokyo Japan as a staff architect and urban designer on Yokohama reclaimed land housing projects and the Kotesashi Railway Centre.

After his return to Switzerland in 1972, he worked with Peter Steiger (*1928 to 2024) in a research and development group for health, aging and ecological issues. Here in 1973, in an interdisciplinary team the pioneering working group [https://www.srf.ch/play/tv/bericht-vor-8/video/arbeitsgruppe-plenar?urn=urn:srf:video:b9f9eddd-689a-409e-8158-234c7be5ae9e PLENAR Planning - Energy - Architecture] was founded. In 1976 Conrad U. Brunner started his independent architect's practice [https://www.cub.ch CUB Architecture - Planning - Energy] in Zurich.{{Cite book |last=Rucki |first=Isabelle |title=Architektenlexikon der Schweiz 19./20. Jahrhundert |publisher=Birkhäuser Verlag Basel-Boston-Berlin |year=1995 |isbn=978-3-76435-261-5 |location=Basel Switzerland |language=German |trans-title=Architects Lexicon 19th/20th Century Switzerland}}.

In 1986 he was nominated by the Swiss Federal Council as energy efficiency expert in the Expert group for national energy scenarios (EGES) until 2007. From 1987 until 1993 Conrad U. Brunner served as president of the [https://www.energiestiftung.ch Swiss Energy Foundation]. In this period, the Referendum for the Nuclear Moratorium was won in 1990 which initiated the subsequent exit of nucear power in Switzerland. In 2010 IEC nominated him until 2022 to the [https://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:41:0::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:10033,25 Advisory Committee of Energy Efficiency] that supervises the entire body of IEC standards on this subject. In 2006 he joined the [https://www.IEC.ch/TC2 IEC Technical Committee 2 Rotating Machinery] as the Swiss representative. IEC in 2017 honored Conrad U. Brunner with the "IEC 1907 Award" in Recognition of his 10 years of outstanding support in the field of energy efficiency of electric motors and power drive systems.

Conrad U. Brunner experienced the first [https://www.earthday.org Earth Day] in 1970 in Philadelphie. Initial studies in 1972 within the Research & Develoment group with Peter Steiger et al. led to the first insight that 50% of thermal energy in Switzerland is used in residential, commercial as well as public buildings. The reduction of the high consumption of fossil fuels for heating and hot water at the source was then considered the first goal and the most direct way to reduce carbon dioxid emission and local pollution.

Work in the field of ecology and energy was initially carried out with the PLENAR working group. In 1975, the basics on energy-efficient buildings was published under the title PLENAR Planning - Energy - Architecture{{citation |author=Peter Steiger, Conrad U. Brunner |title=PLENAR Planung - Energie - Architektur |date=1975 |editor=The PLENAR Research Group |location=Niederteufen, Appenzell, Switzerland |publisher=Publisher Arthur Niggli |isbn=3-7212-00780}} by Niggli-Verlag. In 1998, with the expansion of the research from buildings to electricity and industry, the [https://www.energieeffizienz.ch Swiss Agency for Energy Efficiency] (S.A.F.E.) was launched in Switzerland.

The start for scientific research in the field of energy efficiency in buildings was supported by a grant by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) in 1977. In 1978 a first Overview of research of energy efficient buildings{{citation|author=Conrad U. Brunner|date=1978|editor=Swiss national agency for housing|issue=3|location=Berne Switzeralnd|periodical=Publications of Research Reports on Housing Issues|publisher=EDMZ|title=Energy efficient buildings - status, gaps and priorities for research}} was published. Various research papers on energy efficient construction methods were published: Thermal bridges{{citation|author=Conrad U. Brunner, Jürg Nänni|date=1985|editor=Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects SIA|issue=D 99|location=Zurich Switzerland|periodical=Documentation Series|publisher=Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects SIA|title=Thermal bridges in new buildings}}, Compendium for energy efficient public buildings{{citation|author=Conrad U. Brunner, Laslo Füzesséry|date=1981|editor=Swiss public building administration|location=Berne Switzerland|publisher=Eidgenössische Drucksachen und Materialzentrale|title=Energy efficient new buildings - a compendium for public buildings}}, Buildings with highly glazed facades{{citation |author=Conrad U. Brunner |title=Highly glazed buidlings - thermal comfort and energy efficiency |date=2002 |volume=Documentation series |issue=D 0176 |editor=Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects SIA |location=Zurich Switzerland |publisher=Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects SIA |isbn=3-908483-34-4}}, Buildings for a future with warmer climate.{{citation |author=Conrad U. Brunner |title=Buildings for a future with warmer climate |date=2008 |editor=Swiss Federal Office of Energy |location=Zurich Switzerland |publisher=Faktor publishers |isbn=978-3-905711-03-5}} The energetic refurbishment of the cooperative housing estate with 226 apartments at Limmatstrasse in Zurich{{citation|author=Conrad U. Brunner|date=1984|editor=Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects SIA|issue=12|location=Zurich Switzerland|pages=214–218|periodical=Journal for Swiss Engineers and Architects|publisher=Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects SIA|title=Planning of refurbishment: energy concept and results of energetic improvements|volume=1984}} can be seen as an early pioneering work with scientific supervision by the [https://www.empa.ch Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology].

In 2008 the International Energy Agency IEA Technical Cooperation Programme [https://www.IEA-4E.org Energy Efficient End-use Equipment 4E] was launched. At the same time the [https://www.iea-4e.org/emsa Electric Motor Systems Annex (EMSA)] was initiated and guided with Conrad U. Brunner as Operating Agent until 2014 and Task Leader International Standards until 2019. Between 2007 and 2021 a total of 9 international conferences were held under the name [https://www.motorsummit.ch Motor Summit] in Zurich Switzerland. A widely referenced research study in the IEA Energy Efficiency Series was published in 2011 by Paul Waide and Conrad U. Brunner "Energy-Efficiency Policy Opportunities for Electric Motor-Driven Systems"{{citation|author=Paul Waide, Conrad U. Brunner|date=2011|editor=International Energy Agency IEA|location=Paris|periodical=Energy Efficiency Series|publisher=Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development/International Energy Agency|title=Energy-Efficiency Policy Opportunities for Electric Motor-Driven Systems}}

As of 2016 the successor company [https://www.impact-energy.ch Impact-Energy] was launched in collaboration with Rita Werle and Rolf Tieben. Conrad U. Brunner served as co-founder and president of the board until 2020.

Conrad U. Brunner was involved from 1980 in the creation of standards for energy effciency both of buildings, later on electrical appliances and industrial machines on the Swiss national level ([https://www.sia.ch SIA]), the European (CENELEC, CEN) and the international level (IEC and ISO). The first edition of the Swiss standard [http://shop.sia.ch/normenwerk/architekt/380-1_2016_d/D/Product SIA 380/1] Thermal Energy in Buildings (Thermische Energie im Hochbau) was published in 1988. It was later integrated and coordinated with [https://www.iso.org/standard/41974.html EN ISO 13790] Energy performance of buildings. It included a new calculation method "heat balance" for heat gains and losses to determine the annual net heating requirements which is now widely accepted as a global standard. With research from S.A.F.E. and others the basic elements for a Swiss standard [https://sia.ch/Shop SIA Elektrische Energie im Hochbau SIA 380/4 SIA 380/4] Electric energy use in buildings (Elektrische Energie im Hochbau) was published in 1995.

Until 2007 the electric motor testing standards were in conflict between between USA standard IEEE 112 Method B and [https://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103%3A7%3A0%3A%3A%3A%3AFSP_ORG_ID%2CFSP_LANG_ID%3A1221%2C25 IEC 60034-2]. With [https://commission.europa.eu/energy-climate-change-environment/standards-tools-and-labels/products-labelling-rules-and-requirements/energy-label-and-ecodesign/energy-efficient-products/electric-motors-and-variable-speed-drives_en electric motors using some 50% of global electricity consumption] the development and the international trade of efficient products was severly hampered. A worldwide community of practice was initiated at the international conference on Energy Efficiency in Motor Driven Systems ([https://www.EEMODS22.org EEMODS)] in Heidelberg Germany in 2005. Under the chairmanship of Martin Doppelbauer [https://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:29:312399943020277::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:1221,25#3 of] IEC Technical Committee 2, the new globally coordinated motor testing standard [https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/121 IEC 60034-2-1] was published in 2007. The new performance standard of electric motors [https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/136 IEC 60034-30] Efficiency classes (IE-code) was published in 2008. With these two basic elements the energy efficiency regulation for the minimum energy performance requirements on IE3 level were accepted later world-wide.

With the support of IEC ACEE and 4E EMSA, Maarten van Werkhoven and Conrad U. Brunner launched the initiative for [https://www.iea-4e.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/project_brief_caisems_v2.pdf Coordination & Alignment of IEC and ISO Standards for Energy Efficient Electric Motor Driven System] in 2019 in Tokyo Japan. In October 2021 IEC and ISO agreed to formally launch a Joint Advisory Group [https://www.iec.ch/dyn/www/f?p=103:14:108215194819836::::FSP_ORG_ID,FSP_LANG_ID:27873,25 JAG 22] to initiate closer cooperation between electrical (IEC) and mechanical (ISO) standards.

After the death of his research collaborator and artist friend Jürg Nänni (*1942 to 2019), Conrad U. Brunner initiated work on the inventory of his computer generated pictures in Concrete Art which shall eventually be exhibited and published. So far 1'000 individual works have been identified and included in the [https://www.juergnaenni.ch Jürg Nänni] Inventory [JNI]. Jürg Nänni cooperated with Hans Knuchel and the [https://www.blelb.ch blelb]{{cite web |author=Jürg Nänni |date=2009 |title=blelb visual perception lab |url=https://www.blelb.ch |access-date=2023-04-24 |website=blelb visual perception lab |language=German}} group to develop new insights on visual perception.{{Cite book |last=Nänni |first=Jürg |title=Visual Perception |publisher=Niggli AG |year=2008 |isbn=978-3-7212-0618-0 |location=Sulgen Switzerland |language=English, German}}

Since 2023 Conrad U. Brunner serves as member of the Board of Trustees of the [https://www.espacedelartconcret.fr Espace de l'Art Concret eac] in Mouans-Sartoux, France.