Draft:Twacha Sharir

In Ayurveda, skin is referred to as Tvak or Twacha. It is categorized as "Panch Gyanendriya Adhisthana. It encloses all body components, including Meda and Shonita. It has a large capability for expansion and stretching. Twacha is an adhisthana of "Pranadi Panch Vayu" where Vayu resides and performs its duty. Twacha are specialized sense organs that can perceive pain, touch, pressure, heat, and cold Dictionary English & Sanskrit by Sir Monier M. William edition published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Series Office Varanasi. 1961-1988; 13:1116/1l6.Bhasha paricheda, siddhant muktavali. by Visvanatha nyaya: published by Advait ashram Calcutta. Edition. 1954; 2:59-85..

Twacha, Charma, Sparshan, Chavi, Chadani, Asrugdhara, Kruti, Ajin, Dehacharma, Romabhumi, Shariravaranam, Asrugvara, Shariravarakam Shastram Parishadya shabadarth. shariram by Pt.Damodar Sharma Goud published by Baidyanath Ayurved bhavan limited Nagpur; second edition, 1979, 165-167..

The formation and development of Twacha occurred during the "Garbhanirmati" process, which involves the formation and development of Garbha. Charka believes that in the mother's womb, Shukra, Shonita, and Jiva (the soul) combine to make Garbha Charak Samhita. Vidyotini hindi commentary by P. Kashinath shastri & Dr. Goraknath Chaturvedi, published by Chowkhambha Sanskrit sansthan Varanasi Charak Sharirsthana ch. 2007; 4(5):867.. Garbhanirmana includes Ashta Prakruti and Shodsha Vikara, in addition to the three mentioned above. Sushruta describes how Tridosha metabolizes Shukra and Shonita to create Twacha Ghanekar S. commentary on Sushruth Samhita Sharirsthana "Ayurved Rahasya Deepika" by Dr. Bhaskar Govind Ghanekar, published by Meherchand prakashan Delhi reprinted edition, Sushruth.Sharirsthana ch. 2007; 5(2):146.. To better understand Twacha Uttapati in Brihattrayee, consider the formation of a creamy layer on the surface of milk. When boiled and cooled, a thick layer of skim forms, known as "Ksheerat - Santaanika"Ghanekar's commentary on Sushruth Samhita Sharirsthana "Ayurved Rahasya Deepika" by Dr. Bhaskar Govind Ghanekar, published by Meherchand prakashan Delhi reprinted edition, Sushruth. Sharirsthana ch. 2007; 4(3):104..

Charak depicts Bala-Varna-Upachaya during the sixth month of intrauterine life. Twacha, the skin's Varna complexion, is created during the sixth month of pregnancy Charak Samhita. Vidyotini hindi commentary by P.Kashinath shastri & Dr. Goraknath Chaturvedi, published by Chowkhambha Sanskrit sansthan Varanasi reprinted edition Charak sharira sthana ch. 2007; 4(22):875.. According to Astang Sangraha and Hridya Uttapati, Kesha, Roma, Nakha, Asthi, Snayu, Bala, Varna, Sira, and Twacha develop during the sixth month of intrauterine life Astang Sangrah. With Indu commentary Shashilekha by Dr Shivprasad Sharma Chowkhambha Sanskrit series Varanasi. Reprinted edition Sharirasthana ch. 2006; 2(23):278.Astang Hridyam with Arundatt commentary Sarvang Sundar & Hemadri commentary Ayurved Rasayan by Pt. Hari Sadashiv Shastri reprinted Sharir Sthana ch. 2007; 1(57):371.. According to modern science, all layers of skin form during the fourth month of intrauterine life.

The Ayurveda Samhita describes various layers of Twacha, including their names, accompanying skin problems, varying thickness, and functions. These skin layers range from superficial to deep. The thickness is measured using the "Vrihi" parameter, which refers to the thickness and size of paddy or barley.

Twacha Stara is observed among the Atreya and Dhanwantri denominations, with differing opinions on the number of skin layers. The Sushruth samhita, Astanga Hridya, Bhavprakash samhita, and Sharangdhar samhita all describe seven strata of Twacha Stara Ghanekar's commentary on Sushruth Samhita Sharirsthana "Ayurved Rahasya Deepika" by Dr. Bhaskar Govind Ghanekar, published by Meherchand prakashan Delhi reprinted edition, Sushruth. Sharirsthana ch. 2007; 4(3):104.Astang Hridyam with Arundatt commentary Sarvang Sundar & Hemadri commentary Ayurved Rasayan by Pt. Hari Sadashiv Shastri reprintedSharir Sthana ch. 2007; 3(8):386.Bhavprakash purvakhand Vidyotini hindi commentary Brahma Shankar Mishra Published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit bhavan Varanasi; Eleventh Edition Garbha Prakaran Ch. 2010; 3:279-284-85-86Sharangdhar, Samhita, Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5(1):53.. The Charaka Samhita, Bhel Samhita, and Astanga Sangrah list six strata of Twacha stara Charak Samhita. Vidyotini hindi commentary by P.Kashinath shastri & Dr. Goraknath Chaturvedi, published by Chowkhambha Sanskrit sansthan Varanasi reprinted edition Charak sharira sthana ch. 2007; 7(4):910.Astang Sangrah Indu commentary Shashilekha by Dr Shivprasad Sharma Chowkhambha Sanskrit series Varanasi. Reprinted edition Sharirasthana ch. 2006; 5:24 29-301-302.Bhel samhita by Girija dayalu Shukla first edition published by Chowkhambha vidyabhavan Varanasi Bhel samhita sharira sthana ch. 1959; 7(1):99..

The first layer, referred to as "Avabhasini" by Acharya Sushruta, is the outermost Twacha stara with a thickness of around 1/18th of Vrihi. It is the twak roga adhisthana of Sidhma and Padamkantka. According to Dalhan, the first layer exhibits Gaur, Shyamadi Varan (complexion), and five varieties of Prabha (glory) and Chaya (shades) of the body through Bhrajak Agni.

Maharishi Charak and Vriddha Vagbhat called the first and outermost layer of Twacha as "Udakdhara," implying it contains the Udakdhatu. According to Indu, this layer carries Udaka dhatu, blocks outflow, and maintains 'Aradrata bhava' (moisture content) on the Twacha's outer surface. Laghu Vagbhat identified Bhasini as the first layer with qualities akin to Astanga sangrah and Charak Ghanekar's commentary on Sushruth Samhita Sharirsthana "Ayurved Rahasya Deepika" by Dr. Bhaskar Govind Ghanekar, published by Meherchand prakashan Delhi reprinted edition, Sushruth. Sharirsthana ch. 2007; 4(3):104.Astang Sangrah Indu commentary Shashilekha by Dr Shivprasad Sharma Chowkhambha Sanskrit series Varanasi. Reprinted edition Sharirasthana ch. 2006; 5:24 29-301-302.Astang Hridyam with Arundatt commentary Sarvang Sundar & Hemadri commentary Ayurved Rasayan by Pt. Hari Sadashiv Shastri reprintedSharir Sthana ch. 2007; 3(8):386.Bhavprakash purvakhand Vidyotini hindi commentary Brahma Shankar Mishra Published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit bhavan Varanasi; Eleventh Edition Garbha Prakaran Ch. 2010; 3:279-284-85-86Sharangdhar, Samhita, Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5(1):53.Sharangdhar Samhita Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5:37-40-59..

Sushruta named the second Twacha stara 'Lohita', with a thickness of 1/16th of Vrihi. The twak roga adhisthana includes Tilkalka, Nyacha, and Vyanga.

Charak and Vriddha Vagbhat referred to the second Twacha star as 'Asrugadhara'. Indu refers to this layer as "Rudhantva Asram," which stores blood and prevents Rakta Dhatu from leaving the body. Hemadri refers to this layer as 'Lohini'Ghanekar's commentary on Sushruth Samhita Sharirsthana "Ayurved Rahasya Deepika" by Dr. Bhaskar Govind Ghanekar, published by Meherchand prakashan Delhi reprinted edition, Sushruth. Sharirsthana ch. 2007; 4(3):104.Astang Sangrah Indu commentary Shashilekha by Dr Shivprasad Sharma Chowkhambha Sanskrit series Varanasi. Reprinted edition Sharirasthana ch. 2006; 5:24 29-301-302.Astang Hridyam with Arundatt commentary Sarvang Sundar & Hemadri commentary Ayurved Rasayan by Pt. Hari Sadashiv Shastri reprintedSharir Sthana ch. 2007; 3(8):386.Bhavprakash purvakhand Vidyotini hindi commentary Brahma Shankar Mishra Published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit bhavan Varanasi; Eleventh Edition Garbha Prakaran Ch. 2010; 3:279-284-85-86Sharangdhar, Samhita, Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5(1):53.Sharangdhar Samhita Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5:37-40-59..

The third layer, referred to as "Shweta" by Acharya Sushruta, resembles Shweta varniya in appearance and has a thickness of 1/12th of Vrihi. It is the twak roga adhisthana of Charmadal, Ajagalika, and Mashak.

Charak and Vriddha Vagbhata identified the third Twacha stara as the primary location of Sidhma and Kilas. According to Astanga Hridya, the third Twacha Stara houses Sidhma Shivtra Adhisthana Ghanekar's commentary on Sushruth Samhita Sharirsthana "Ayurved Rahasya Deepika" by Dr. Bhaskar Govind Ghanekar, published by Meherchand prakashan Delhi reprinted edition, Sushruth. Sharirsthana ch. 2007; 4(3):104.Astang Sangrah Indu commentary Shashilekha by Dr Shivprasad Sharma Chowkhambha Sanskrit series Varanasi. Reprinted edition Sharirasthana ch. 2006; 5:24 29-301-302.Astang Hridyam with Arundatt commentary Sarvang Sundar & Hemadri commentary Ayurved Rasayan by Pt. Hari Sadashiv Shastri reprintedSharir Sthana ch. 2007; 3(8):386.Bhavprakash purvakhand Vidyotini hindi commentary Brahma Shankar Mishra Published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit bhavan Varanasi; Eleventh Edition Garbha Prakaran Ch. 2010; 3:279-284-85-86Sharangdhar, Samhita, Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5(1):53.Sharangdhar Samhita Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5:37-40-59..

Acharya Sushruta refers to the fourth layer of Twacha as "Tamra". It is located beneath the Shweta and has a thickness of 1/8th of Vrihi. It is the twak roga adhisthana of Kustha and Kilas.

Charak identified the fourth Twacha stara as Dadru Kustha Adhisthana. In Astang Sangrah and Hridya, the fourth layer is designated for Sarva kustha adhisthana. Sharangdhara and Bhavprakasha identify Tamra as the location of Kilas Shivtra Ghanekar's commentary on Sushruth Samhita Sharirsthana "Ayurved Rahasya Deepika" by Dr. Bhaskar Govind Ghanekar, published by Meherchand prakashan Delhi reprinted edition, Sushruth. Sharirsthana ch. 2007; 4(3):104.Astang Sangrah Indu commentary Shashilekha by Dr Shivprasad Sharma Chowkhambha Sanskrit series Varanasi. Reprinted edition Sharirasthana ch. 2006; 5:24 29-301-302.Astang Hridyam with Arundatt commentary Sarvang Sundar & Hemadri commentary Ayurved Rasayan by Pt. Hari Sadashiv Shastri reprintedSharir Sthana ch. 2007; 3(8):386.Bhavprakash purvakhand Vidyotini hindi commentary Brahma Shankar Mishra Published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit bhavan Varanasi; Eleventh Edition Garbha Prakaran Ch. 2010; 3:279-284-85-86Sharangdhar, Samhita, Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5(1):53.Sharangdhar Samhita Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5:37-40-59..

Sushruth describes the sixth Twacha stara as "Vedini". The word refers to the experience of touch, pain, heat, and cold. It has a thickness of around 1/5th of Vrihi and is a combination of Kustha and Visarpa adhisthanas.

Maharishi Charak and Vagbhat identify the fifth Twacha Stara as a location for Alaji and Vidradhi adhisthana. Hemadri referred to Twacha Stara as both "Tvagavedini" and "Rogkarini". Sharangdhar and Bhavprakash identify Twacha stara as the location of Sarvakustha and Visarpa Ghanekar's commentary on Sushruth Samhita Sharirsthana "Ayurved Rahasya Deepika" by Dr. Bhaskar Govind Ghanekar, published by Meherchand prakashan Delhi reprinted edition, Sushruth. Sharirsthana ch. 2007; 4(3):104.Astang Sangrah Indu commentary Shashilekha by Dr Shivprasad Sharma Chowkhambha Sanskrit series Varanasi. Reprinted edition Sharirasthana ch. 2006; 5:24 29-301-302.Astang Hridyam with Arundatt commentary Sarvang Sundar & Hemadri commentary Ayurved Rasayan by Pt. Hari Sadashiv Shastri reprintedSharir Sthana ch. 2007; 3(8):386.Bhavprakash purvakhand Vidyotini hindi commentary Brahma Shankar Mishra Published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit bhavan Varanasi; Eleventh Edition Garbha Prakaran Ch. 2010; 3:279-284-85-86Sharangdhar, Samhita, Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5(1):53.Sharangdhar Samhita Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5:37-40-59..

Sushruta mentioned the sixth layer of Twacha "Rohini," which is one Vrihi thick. The twak roga adhisthana includes Granthi, Apachi, Galganda, Arbuda, and Shleepada. The name Vrana Ropana Karma refers to the process of healing wounds.

Charak referred to these Twacha stars as Arunshi adhisthana.

According to Chakrapani, a sudden lesion to this layer causes "Tamayati andha eva" or "Tama Pravesha," which is a sensation of blackness in the front of the eye caused by a loss of awareness.

Acharya Vagbhat referred to the sixth Twacha stara as "Pranadhara". According to Indu, harm to this layer might result in a life-threatening illness called Tama Pravesh, which causes temporary blindness. This layer is also the primary location of Arunshi Ghanekar's commentary on Sushruth Samhita Sharirsthana "Ayurved Rahasya Deepika" by Dr. Bhaskar Govind Ghanekar, published by Meherchand prakashan Delhi reprinted edition, Sushruth. Sharirsthana ch. 2007; 4(3):104.Astang Sangrah Indu commentary Shashilekha by Dr Shivprasad Sharma Chowkhambha Sanskrit series Varanasi. Reprinted edition Sharirasthana ch. 2006; 5:24 29-301-302.Astang Hridyam with Arundatt commentary Sarvang Sundar & Hemadri commentary Ayurved Rasayan by Pt. Hari Sadashiv Shastri reprintedSharir Sthana ch. 2007; 3(8):386.Bhavprakash purvakhand Vidyotini hindi commentary Brahma Shankar Mishra Published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit bhavan Varanasi; Eleventh Edition Garbha Prakaran Ch. 2010; 3:279-284-85-86Sharangdhar, Samhita, Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5(1):53.Sharangdhar Samhita Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5:37-40-59..

Acharya Sushruta termed the sixth Twacha Stara as "Mamsadhara". The thickest layer is around 2 Vrihi. The twak roga adhisthana includes Bhagandara, Vidradhi, and Arsha.

According to Sharangdhara and Bhavprakash, the seventh layer is known as "Sthula" and has a thickness of two Vrihi. It is home to Vidradhi. Ghanekar's commentary on Sushruth Samhita Sharirsthana "Ayurved Rahasya Deepika" by Dr. Bhaskar Govind Ghanekar, published by Meherchand prakashan Delhi reprinted edition, Sushruth. Sharirsthana ch. 2007; 4(3):104.Astang Sangrah Indu commentary Shashilekha by Dr Shivprasad Sharma Chowkhambha Sanskrit series Varanasi. Reprinted edition Sharirasthana ch. 2006; 5:24 29-301-302.Astang Hridyam with Arundatt commentary Sarvang Sundar & Hemadri commentary Ayurved Rasayan by Pt. Hari Sadashiv Shastri reprintedSharir Sthana ch. 2007; 3(8):386.Bhavprakash purvakhand Vidyotini hindi commentary Brahma Shankar Mishra Published by Chaukhamba Sanskrit bhavan Varanasi; Eleventh Edition Garbha Prakaran Ch. 2010; 3:279-284-85-86Sharangdhar, Samhita, Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5(1):53.Sharangdhar Samhita Dipika. commentary by Bramhanand Tripathi published by Chaukhamha surbharati prakashan Varanasi reprinted edition Sharangdhar purvakhand ch. 2010; 5:37-40-59..

According to Arishta Lakshana in the Indriya sthana of Charak Samhita, this is the basis for changed sensory experience.

Charak explains that Arishta lakshana is reflected in a patient's skin and can be analyzed through Darshan and Sparshan parikshan. If a patient's perception of sensation changes, such as hot-cold, rough-smooth, soft-hard, the physician can predict that the patient will not survive long Charak Samhita. Vidyotini hindi commentary by P.Kashinath shastri & Dr. Goraknath Chaturvedi, published by Chowkhambha Sanskrit sansthan Varanasi reprinted edition Charak Indriya sthana ch. 2007; 4(23):983..

According to Acharya Vagbhat, Aristha lakshana of Tvak is Supta Twacha, which includes loss of sensation, cracks, tremors, swelling, and pain. This is a symptom of vayu and may suggest a patient's short lifespan or harm. Twacha, characterized by loss of sensation, cracks, tremors, swelling, and pain, is caused by vayu and can foretell a patient's impending death. Twacha injuries that do not heal and instead grow in size indicate a poor prognosis Astang Hridyam. with Arundatt commentary Sarvang Sundar & Hemadri commentary Ayurved Rasayan by Pt. Hari Sadashiv Shastri reprinted Sharir Sthana ch. 2007; 5(99)114-427-428.. Performing a clinical examination on Twacha allows physicians to accurately diagnose and predict patient outcomes.

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