Drug liking

{{Short description|Measure of pleasure associated with drug use}}

{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}

Drug liking is a measure of the pleasurable (hedonic) experience when a person consumes drugs.{{cite journal | vauthors = Tibboel H, De Houwer J, Van Bockstaele B | title = Implicit measures of "wanting" and "liking" in humans | journal = Neurosci Biobehav Rev | volume = 57 | issue = | pages = 350–64 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26432503 | doi = 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.015 | s2cid = 16243037 | url = https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/6956559| hdl = 1854/LU-6956559 | hdl-access = free }} It is commonly used to study the misuse liability of drugs.{{cite journal | vauthors = Sellers EM | title = Improving the Clinical Pharmacologic Assessment of Abuse Potential: Part 2: Optimizing the Design of Human Abuse Potential Studies | journal = J Clin Psychopharmacol | volume = 38 | issue = 2 | pages = 113–118 | date = April 2018 | pmid = 29360651 | doi = 10.1097/JCP.0000000000000838 | s2cid = 3506269 | url = }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Foltin RW, Fischman MW | title = Assessment of abuse liability of stimulant drugs in humans: a methodological survey | journal = Drug Alcohol Depend | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–48 | date = June 1991 | pmid = 1679387 | doi = 10.1016/0376-8716(91)90052-z | url = }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Comer SD, Zacny JP, Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Bigelow GE, Foltin RW, Jasinski DR, Sellers EM, Adams EH, Balster R, Burke LB, Cerny I, Colucci RD, Cone E, Cowan P, Farrar JT, Haddox DJ, Haythornthwaite JA, Hertz S, Jay GW, Johanson CE, Junor R, Katz NP, Klein M, Kopecky EA, Leiderman DB, McDermott MP, O'Brien C, O'Connor AB, Palmer PP, Raja SN, Rappaport BA, Rauschkolb C, Rowbotham MC, Sampaio C, Setnik B, Sokolowska M, Stauffer JW, Walsh SL | title = Core outcome measures for opioid abuse liability laboratory assessment studies in humans: IMMPACT recommendations | journal = Pain | volume = 153 | issue = 12 | pages = 2315–2324 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 22998781 | pmc = 3494795 | doi = 10.1016/j.pain.2012.07.035 | url = }} Drug liking is often measured using unipolar and bipolar visual analogue scales (VAS), such as the Drug Liking VAS, the High VAS, the Take Drug Again (TDA) VAS, and the Overall Drug Liking (ODL) VAS. There is a dissociation of drug liking from drug wanting (unconscious attribution of incentive salience).{{cite journal | vauthors = Robinson TE, Berridge KC | title = The neural basis of drug craving: an incentive-sensitization theory of addiction | journal = Brain Res Brain Res Rev | volume = 18 | issue = 3 | pages = 247–91 | date = 1993 | pmid = 8401595 | doi = 10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p | hdl = 2027.42/30601 | s2cid = 13471436 | url = | hdl-access = free }} Drugs that increase scores on drug-liking measures include amphetamines, cocaine, methylphenidate, MDMA, opioids, benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, barbiturates, alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine (limitedly), among others.{{cite journal | vauthors = Ermer JC, Pennick M, Frick G | title = Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate: Prodrug Delivery, Amphetamine Exposure and Duration of Efficacy | journal = Clin Drug Investig | volume = 36 | issue = 5 | pages = 341–56 | date = May 2016 | pmid = 27021968 | pmc = 4823324 | doi = 10.1007/s40261-015-0354-y | url = }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Volkow ND, Swanson JM | title = Variables that affect the clinical use and abuse of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD | journal = Am J Psychiatry | volume = 160 | issue = 11 | pages = 1909–18 | date = November 2003 | pmid = 14594733 | doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1909 | url = }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Baylen CA, Rosenberg H | title = A review of the acute subjective effects of MDMA/ecstasy | journal = Addiction | volume = 101 | issue = 7 | pages = 933–47 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16771886 | doi = 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01423.x | url = }}{{cite book | title = The Benzodiazepines: Current Standards for Medical Practice | last1 = Griffiths | first1 = Roland R. | last2 = Roache | first2 = John D. | chapter = Abuse Liability of Benzodiazepines:A Review of Human Studies Evaluating Subjective and/or Reinforcing Effects | date = 1985 | pages = 209–225 | publisher = Springer Netherlands | doi = 10.1007/978-94-009-4886-0_16 | isbn = 978-94-010-8663-9 | url = }}{{cite book | vauthors = Kuhn CM, Koob GF, Heinz A, Beck A, Mir J, Grüsser SM, Grace AA, Wrase J | title = Alcohol Craving and Relapse Prediction: Imaging Studies | series = Frontiers in Neuroscience | year = 2010 | volume = | pages = | publisher = CRC Press | pmid = 21656973 | doi = | isbn = 978-0-8493-7391-6 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53355/}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Kalman D, Smith SS | title = Does nicotine do what we think it does? A meta-analytic review of the subjective effects of nicotine in nasal spray and intravenous studies with smokers and nonsmokers | journal = Nicotine Tob Res | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 317–33 | date = June 2005 | pmid = 16085500 | doi = 10.1080/14622200500125385 | url = }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Griffiths RR, Woodson PP | title = Reinforcing properties of caffeine: studies in humans and laboratory animals | journal = Pharmacol Biochem Behav | volume = 29 | issue = 2 | pages = 419–27 | date = February 1988 | pmid = 3283780 | doi = 10.1016/0091-3057(88)90180-3 | s2cid = 25399469 | url = }}