Duff House

{{Short description|Estate house in Banff, Aberdeenshire, Scotland}}

{{Infobox museum

| name = Duff House

| image = Duff House 20110520.jpg

| mapframe = yes

| mapframe-wikidata = yes

| location = Banff, Aberdeenshire, Scotland

| coordinates = {{coord|57.658679|-2.5201128|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}

| website = [https://www.nationalgalleries.org/visit/duff-house National Galleries]

| embedded = {{Infobox designation list

| embed = yes

| designation1 = Category A Listed Building

| designation1_offname = Duff House

| designation1_date = 22 February 1972

| designation1_number = {{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB21985|short=yes}}

| designation2 = Category A Listed Building

| designation2_offname = Duff House, Mausoleum

| designation2_date = 22 February 1972

| designation2_number = {{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB21988|short=yes}}

| designation3 = Category A Listed Building

| designation3_offname = Duff House, Fishing Temple

| designation3_date = 04 March 1994

| designation3_number = {{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB2885|short=yes}}

| designation4 = Category B Listed Building

| designation4_offname = Duff House, Walled Garden

| designation4_date = 15 March 1995

| designation4_number = {{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB21989|short=yes}}

| designation5 = Category B Listed Building

| designation5_offname = Duff House, Fife Gates

| designation5_date = 15 March 1995

| designation5_number = {{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB21986|short=yes}}

| designation6 = Category C Listed Building

| designation6_offname = Duff House Icehouse

| designation6_date = 15 March 1995

| designation6_number = {{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB21987|short=yes}}

}}

File:Duff House Mausoleum - geograph.org.uk - 1761770.jpg

Duff House is a Georgian estate house in Banff, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Now in the care of Historic Environment Scotland, it is part of the National Galleries Scotland and is a Category A listed building.{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=LB21985|desc=DUFF HOUSE|access-date=16 April 2019}}

The house is built of ashlar in three storeys to a square plan (9-bay x 8-bay) on a raised basement with advanced corner towers.

The house and the associated Fife gates, walled garden, Collie lodge, mausoleum, ice house, Bridge Gates House and the Eagles Gate lodge are designated as Category A listed group of buildings.

History

Duff House was designed by William Adam and built between 1735 and 1740 for William Duff of Braco.{{cite book |last=Clifford |first=Timothy |date=1995 |title=Duff House |publisher=National Galleries of Scotland |isbn=9780903598552}}{{cite journal |last1=Simpson |first1=James |date=1973 |title=The Building of Duff House |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00665983.1973.11020375?journalCode=raij20 |journal=Archaeological Journal |volume=130 |issue=1 |pages=221–222 |doi=10.1080/00665983.1973.11020375 |access-date=18 February 2022|url-access=subscription }} The design and construction resulted in a legal dispute between the architect and owner which culminated in a legal case in 1743. Construction began on 11 June 1735. The design of the house originally intended to have flanking pavilions linked by colonnaded quadrants but these were never completed as the Earl thought the house would be too large. This, along with further disagreements on the issue of mason work resulted in the legal case between the architect and Earl.

David Bryce Jr was later commissioned to provide a three-storey pavilion and corridor block, but this was damaged by a bomb in 1940 and subsequently demolished. The Earls of Fife moved out of Duff House in 1903, gifting the property to Banff Burgh in 1906.{{cite journal |last1=Donaldson |first1=Peter |date=2011 |title=Conservation Case Study: The Duff House Project |url=https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/arch.1995.6.1.33 |journal=Architectural Heritage |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=33–4|doi=10.3366/arch.1995.6.1.33|access-date=18 February 2022|url-access=subscription }} Between 1911 and 1913, the House functioned as a hotel and then became a sanatorium until 1923 when it became a hotel again. The hotel closed in 1928 and Duff House entered a period of limited use. However, during the Second World War the House became an internment camp and later a prisoner of war camp. In 1940, the House was damaged during a bombing raid resulting in eight dead and serious damage to parts of the building. By 1942, the House was used by the Free Norwegian forces as their Headquarters, along with use by Polish exile forces.

In 1956 it passed into care by the State and a period of refurbishment began across the property. In 1995, the house became part of the National Galleries of Scotland. The house still sits in much of its original designed landscape, albeit with the addition of a golf course.

Art collection

National Galleries Scotland has numerous works of fine art on display at Duff House, including works by El Greco, Thomas Gainsborough and Henry Raeburn. Duff House is also home to the Dunimarle Library, a collection of rare books, which can be viewed by appointment.{{cite web |title=Duff House |url=https://www.nationalgalleries.org/visit/duff-house |website=www.nationalgalleries.org |publisher=National Galleries Scotland |language=en}}