Duffy's Cut

File:Duffys Cut Pipes 1.jpg

Immigrants generally and Irish Catholics specifically were often viewed by the owners and managers of railroad and coal mining companies as expendable components, and by Anglo-Germanic Americans as unwholesome and even dangerous.{{cite web|url=http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-1D4 |title=Duffy's Cut Mass Grave Historical Marker |access-date=2021-05-10|website=explorepahistory.com}}

Official record of the deaths at Duffy's Cut remained locked in the vaults of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) until Joseph Tripican, a secretary to a former PRR president, removed them after the company's bankruptcy in 1970. In the 1990s, one of Tripican's grandsons, Reverend Dr. Frank Watson, discovered the papers in a file and began to research the history with his brother Dr. William Watson, Professor of History, and adjunct professors Earl Schandelmeier and John Ahtes of Immaculata University.

On June 18, 2004, a Pennsylvania state historical marker was dedicated near the site. The text of the marker reads, "Nearby is the mass grave of fifty-seven Irish immigrant workers who died in August, 1832, of cholera. They had recently arrived in the United States and were employed by a construction contractor, named Duffy, for the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad. Prejudice against Irish Catholics contributed to the denial of care to the workers. Their illness and death typified the hazards faced by many 19th century immigrant industrial workers."

In August 2004, the site began undergoing archaeological excavation by a research team headed by Dr. William Watson from Immaculata University, Rev. Dr. Frank Watson, Earl Schandelmeier, and John Ahtes. The Duffy's Cut Project team consisted of four primary members, William Watson, Frank Watson, John Ahtes (who died in 2010) and Earl Schandelmeier at Immaculata University. On March 20, 2009, the first human bones were unearthed by researchers Robert Frank and Patrick Barry, consisting of two skulls, six teeth and eighty other bones. The researchers announced their discovery on March 24, 2009.{{Cite news |last=McClements |first=Freya |date=2009-03-24 |title=Secrets of mass grave revealed |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/foyle_and_west/7961564.stm |access-date=2009-03-24}} Bone expert Janet Monge was included in the analysis of skeletal remains.{{Cite web |date=2019-08-08 |title= Dead Men of Duffy's Cut |url=https://www.penn.museum/research/project.php?pid=42 |access-date=2020-03-25 |website= PennMuseum |language=en-US}}

On March 9, 2012, the remains of five men and one woman from those who died at Duffy's Cut Shanty Town were laid to rest with a religious service at West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.{{Cite web |title=Duffy's Cut Memorial Service & Burial - West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Bala Cynwyd, PA |url=http://www.westlaurelhillcemetery.com/373356/2012/02/19/duffys-cut-memorial-service--burial.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309012639/http://www.westlaurelhillcemetery.com/373356/2012/02/19/duffys-cut-memorial-service--burial.html |archive-date=2012-03-09 |access-date=2012-03-11}} The men and woman were unearthed by researchers from Immaculata University at the location of the Shanty Town near an Amtrak railroad line in Pennsylvania.{{Cite web |title=Duffy's Cut Project |url=http://duffyscut.immaculata.edu |website=Immaculata University}} A sixth body was recovered and identified as John Ruddy from Inishowen, County Donegal; his remains were returned to Ireland for reburial there.{{Cite web |last=O'Dowd |first=Niall |date=2012-03-09 |title=Five murdered Irish emigrants will be reburied in a new grave today |url=http://www.irishcentral.com/news/-Five-murdered-Irish-emigrants-will-be-reburied-in-a-new-grave-today-142041103.html |website=IrishCentral |type=video}} In 2013{{Cite web |date=2015-10-06 |title=Duffy's Cut: New searches for remains of Irish migrants |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-34452980 |website=BBC}} the remains of Catherine Burns of County Tyrone who died in Duffy's Cut in 1832 were reburied in Ireland in 2015 Excavation of the deep burial site was halted when Amtrak, which owns the land, would not issue permits for additional digging because of the site's proximity to the railroad tracks.{{Cite web |last=O'Shea |first=James |date=2011-10-31 |title=Duffy's Cut dig ends as Amtrak refuses mass grave excavation |url=http://www.irishcentral.com/roots/Duffys-Cut-dig-ends-as-Amtrak-refuses-mass-grave-excavation-132908668.html |website=IrishCentral |type=video}}

Television

• Tile Films of Dublin, Ireland produced "The Ghost of Duffy’s Cut", a documentary on the story for broadcast on the Irish State Broadcaster RTÉ.{{Cite web |title=The Ghost of Duffy's Cut |url=https://tilefilms.ie/productions/the-ghost-of-duffys-cut/ |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=Tile Films Ltd. |language=en-GB}} They then went on to produce a follow-up with WNET, "Death on the Railroad". as an episode of the PBS series Secrets of the Dead (season 12, episode 3) first aired May 8, 2013 and RTÉ. In this episode, the claim was made that modern forensic science determined that all 57 Irish railroad workers did not perish as the result of cholera. Based on the perimortem trauma found on the skulls of four of the bodies discovered at the site, some of the workers may have been murdered. Among the possible motives discussed in the documentary for the murder of the railroad workers was a fear of cholera within the local community adjacent Duffy's Cut.
• The American TV Series Secrets of the Underground presented the Duffy's Cut grave story in the first part of the show's episode entitled "America's Buried Massacre" (Season 1, Episode 4).{{cite web | url= https://www.travelchannel.com/shows/secrets-of-the-underground/episodes/mass-grave-under-pennsylvania | title= America's Buried Massacre }}

Print

• Greenwood Publishing Group published The Ghosts of Duffy's Cut in July 2006.
• Duffy's Cut is a key setting in Paul Lynch's 2013 novel Red Sky in Morning.
• In 2018, authors and researchers William E. and J. Francis Watson published the true crime book Massacre at Duffy's Cut: Tragedy and Conspiracy on the Pennsylvania Railroad.{{Cite book |date= August 6, 2023|title=Massacre at Duffy's Cut: Tragedy and Conspiracy on the Pennsylvania Railroad (True Crime) Paperback – October 22, 2018 |publisher=Arcadia |isbn=978-1467139083 }}

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Music

• Robert Sheldon wrote a song that features Brian Boru's March called "Mystery of Duffy's Cut", which incorporates other Irish songs and deals with the mystery of it.{{cite web | url= https://www.jwpepper.com/mystery-of-duffys-cut-10027027-38380/p | title= Mystery of Duffy's Cut }}
• Irish musician Christy Moore released a song, written by Wally Page, called "Duffy's Cut" (2009), whose subject matter is the death of the workers on the railway.
• In March 2011, Celtic Punk band The Dropkick Murphys released a song called "The Hardest Mile", which also deals with the newly discovered evidence that some of the men may have been murdered rather than having died of cholera.
• Americana Songwriter Rick Shelley released the song "Dead Horse Hollow" in 2017. The song references young John Ruddy and the 56 other Irish immigrants lost to Duffy's cut.
• In 2012, Celtic Punk band The Kilmaine Saints released “57” as part of their album “Drunken Redemption”. This discusses the anti-Irish sentiment in the 1840s and the fact that some may have been murdered.

File:Duffys Cut track n tool.jpg|Construction tool (top) and iron strapping (bottom) c. 1832 that was attached to a wooden stringer and used as a rail. Both items recovered at the site.

File:Duffys Cut Cross West Laurel Hill.JPG|Grave of some of the victims in West Laurel Hill Cemetery

File:West Laurel Hill Cemetery - Duffys Cut Memorial Names.jpg|Duffy's cut memorial marker at West Laurel Hill Cemetery

• St. Malachi Church, a 1838 Catholic church located {{convert|25|mi|km}} southwest

{{Reflist|2}}

{{Commons category|Duffy's Cut}}

• {{cite web | url= http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=1-A-1D4 | title = Marker Details: Duffy's Cut Mass Grave | publisher = Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission}}
• {{cite web | url=http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/news-and-opinion/cover-story/Murder-in-the-Time-of-Cholera.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131130033/http://www.philadelphiaweekly.com/news-and-opinion/cover-story/Murder-in-the-Time-of-Cholera.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=2013-01-31 | title =Murder in the Time of Cholera | first = Jonathan | last = Valania | work = Philadelphia Weekly | date = 2010-08-17 |ref=none}}
• {{cite web | url=http://duffyscut.immaculata.edu/pdfs/PennGaz1110_feature1.pdf | title = Bones Beneath the Tracks | first= Samuel | last = Hughes | work = Penn Gazette | date = November–December 2010 | page = 34| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719220043/http://duffyscut.immaculata.edu/pdfs/PennGaz1110_feature1.pdf | archive-date = 2011-07-19 |ref=none}}
• {{cite news | url=https://www.npr.org/2012/03/11/148398073/forgotten-irish-laborers-finally-laid-to-rest | title = Forgotten Irish Laborers Finally Laid To Rest | publisher= NPR | work = Weekend Edition | first = Peter | last = Crimmins | date =2012-03-11 |ref=none}}

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Category:Transportation in Chester County, Pennsylvania

Category:Landmarks in Pennsylvania

Category:Irish-American history

Category:Irish-American culture in Philadelphia

Category:Irish-American culture in Pennsylvania

Duffy's

Category:1832 in the United States

Category:Railway cuts in the United States

Category:Cholera monuments and memorials