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Dumka (musical genre)

{{Short description|Music genre}}

File:Masłowski Jarema's dumka.jpg in the National Museum in Warsaw.]]

Dumka ({{langx|uk|думка}}, dúmka, plural думки, dúmky) is a musical term introduced from the Ukrainian language, with cognates in other Slavic languages. The word dumka literally means "thought". Originally, it was the diminutive form of the Ukrainian term duma, pl. dumy, "a Slavic (specifically Ukrainian) epic ballad … generally thoughtful or melancholic in character".Randel: Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music, p. 148. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978 Classical composers drew on the harmonic patterns in the folk music to inform their more formal classical compositions.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

The composition of dumky became popular after the publication of an ethnological study and analysis and a number of illustrated lectures made by the Ukrainian composer Mykola Lysenko in 1873 and 1874 in Kyiv and Saint Petersburg. They were illustrated by live performances by the blind kobzar Ostap Veresai, who performed a number of dumky, singing and accompanying himself on the bandura. Lysenko's study was the first to specifically analyse the melodies and the accompaniment played on the bandura, kobza or lira of the epic dumy.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

A natural part of the process of transferring the traditional folk form to a formal classical milieu was the appropriation of the dumka form by Slavic composers, most especially by the Czech composer Antonín Dvořák. Thus, in classical music, dumka came to mean "a type of instrumental music involving sudden changes from melancholy to exuberance". Though dumky are generally characterized by a gently plodding, dreamy duple rhythm, many examples are in triple metre, including Dvořák's Slavonic dance (Op. 72 No. 4). His last and best-known piano trio, No. 4 in E minor, Op. 90, has six movements, each of which is a dumka; the work is often referred to by its subtitle, Dumky Trio.{{Cite web |url=http://www.fuguemasters.com/dvorak.html |title=Antonin Dvorak |access-date=2006-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014081511/http://www.fuguemasters.com/dvorak.html |archive-date=2006-10-14 |url-status=dead }}

Examples

Major examples in the classical repertoire include:

= [[Stanisław Moniuszko]] =

=[[Antonín Dvořák]]=

=Sofia Mavrogenidou=

  • Dumka for piano solo
  • Dumka for flute, cello and piano
  • Dumka for cello and piano
  • Dumka for accordion and flute

=[[Leoš Janáček]]=

  • Dumka for violin & piano

=[[Bohuslav Martinů]]=

  • Dumka (unnumbered), H. 4 (1909 – Polička, Czechoslovakia), for solo piano
  • Dumka No. 1, H. 249 (1936 – Paris, France), for solo piano
  • Dumka No. 2, H. 250 (1936 – Paris, France), for solo piano
  • Dumka No. 3, H. 285bis (1941 – Jamaica, NY, USA), for solo piano

[http://www.martinu.cz/katalog/ Katalog skladeb Bohuslava Martinů]

=[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Pyotr Tchaikovsky]]=

  • Dumka, Op. 59 (Scenes from a Russian village) for solo piano (1886)

= Others =

Notes

{{reflist}}

References

  • S. I. Gritsa (Hrytsa) Dumi vidayushcheyesya dostoyaniye ukrainskoy kulturi (Dumy a remarkable product of Ukrainian culture) Musica anticqua Europae orientalis II Bydgosz, 1969.(In Russian)
  • M. Antonowych Dumka and Duma in MGG

{{Folk music}}

{{Antonín Dvořák}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Kobzarstvo

Category:Song forms

Category:Russian styles of music

Category:Ukrainian styles of music

Category:Musical terminology