Dunelm House
{{Short description|Brutalist university building in Durham, England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Dunelm House
| image = dunelm3.jpg
| image_caption = The top level entrance of the building
| architectural_style = Brutalism
| completion_date = 1966
| building_type = University building
| floor_count = 6
| coordinates = {{coord|54|46|24|N|1|34|18|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| embedded =
{{Designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Grade II
| designation1_offname = Dunelm House including landing stage, steps and attached walls
| designation1_date = 9 July 2021
| designation1_number = 1477064{{National Heritage List for England| num=1477064|desc=Dunelm House including landing stage, steps and attached walls |grade=II |accessdate=20 July 2021}}
}}
}}
Dunelm House is a Grade II listed building in Durham, England, built in 1966 in the brutalist style. It belongs to Durham University and houses Durham Students' Union. Its listing entry cites, among other factors, that it is "a significant Brutalist building that reflects the latest in architectural thinking for its date" and that it is "the foremost students’ union building of the post-war era in England".
History
= Construction =
The brutalist angular concrete building was designed by Richard Raines and Michael Powers of the Architects' Co-Partnership, and completed in 1966 under the supervision of architect Sir Ove Arup, whose adjacent Kingsgate Bridge opened two years earlier. Built into the steeply sloping bank of the River Wear, Dunelm House is notable internally for the fact that the main staircase linking all five levels of the building runs in an entirely straight line. This was intended by the building's architects to create the feeling of an interior street.Pevsner, Nikolaus, The Buildings of England: County Durham (2nd ed. 1983, revised by Elizabeth Williamson), Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books Ltd, pp.233-234
= Music venue =
The building was opened in 1966 with a concert by the Thelonious Monk quartet.{{cite news|title=Save Dunelm House from the wrecking ball|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2017/feb/12/durham-university-dunelm-house-threat-of-demolition-brutalism|first=Rowan|last=Moore|author-link=Rowan Moore|work=The Observer|date=12 Feb 2017}}
During the 1960s and 70s, the venue was part of the national music circuit, and hosted bands including Pink Floyd and Procol Harum.{{cite news|url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/6962624.legendary-music-venue-will-re-open-public-events/|title=Legendary music venue will re-open to public for events|date=4 February 2005|work=The Northern Echo|access-date=9 July 2021}} After one gig in 1969, members of Free wrote the song All Right Now in their dressing room in the building, which went on to be their biggest hit.{{Cite news | last = Mckay | first = Neil | title = All Right Now for Free tribute show | newspaper = The Journal | location = Newcastle | date = 5 November 2008 | url = http://www.journallive.co.uk/north-east-news/todays-news/2008/11/05/all-right-now-for-free-tribute-show-61634-22185571/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151224000226/http://www.thejournal.co.uk/news/north-east-news/right-now-free-tribute-show-4492999 | archive-date=24 December 2015 | access-date = 9 July 2021}}
= Uncertain future and eventual listing =
In 2016, the university applied for a Certificate of Immunity from Listing, and revealed plans to demolish the building as part of their estate masterplan, saying it would cost £15 million to make the building fit for purpose.{{cite news|url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/ugly-iconic-durhams-student-union-12328491|title=Ugly or iconic? Durham's student union building could be demolished|first=Laura|last=Hill|work=The Chronicle|date=15 December 2016}} Historic England suggested that Dunelm House should be made a Grade II listed building, but culture secretary Karen Bradley said she was inclined instead to grant the certificate of immunity, allowing the building to be demolished.{{cite news|url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/14995051.has-time-run-out-for-universitys-concrete-jumble/|title=Has time run out for university's concrete jumble?|first=Chris|last=Lloyd|work=The Northern Echo|date=30 December 2016}}
In 2017, the building hosted a conference under the title "Caring for Brutalism", sponsored by the university and the Twentieth Century Society, which brought together experts on brutalist architecture to discuss the significance and future of Dunelm House and similar 20th century buildings.
The Secretary of State's initial decision to grant a certificate of immunity was appealed by the Twentieth Century Society. The initial appeal was unsuccessful but a second appeal on the grounds that there were irregularities in the listing process and evidence that the decision had been wrongly made led to an announcement in 2021 that the building would be listed at Grade II.{{cite web|url=https://c20society.org.uk/news/listing-success-for-durhams-magnificent-dunelm-house|title=Listing Success for Durham’s Magnificent Dunelm House|date=8 July 2021|website=Twentieth Century Society}}{{cite news|url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/19431610.durham-universitys-brutalist-student-building-gets-grade-ii-listed-status/|title=Durham University's Brutalist student building gets Grade II listed status|first=Gavin|last=Engelbrecht|date=9 July 2021|work=The Northern Echo}} This was reported in both local and national press.{{Cite web|last=Burman|first=Theo|title=Students’ Union building receives Grade II protections after four-year campaign|url=https://www.palatinate.org.uk/students-union-building-receives-grade-ii-protections-after-four-year-campaign/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-07-10|website=Palatinate|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710031938/https://www.palatinate.org.uk/students-union-building-receives-grade-ii-protections-after-four-year-campaign/ |archive-date=2021-07-10 }}
Reception
In 1968 Dunelm House won a Civic Trust award.{{cite web|website=Architects Co-Partnership|url=http://www.acparchitects.co.uk/pages/about_awards.asp|title=Awards and Commendations|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011038/http://www.acparchitects.co.uk/pages/about_awards.asp|archive-date=2007-09-28|access-date=28 October 2006}} Sir Nikolaus Pevsner, the noted architecture historian, considered the building, "Brutalist by tradition but not brutal to the landscape ... the elements, though bold, [are] sensitively composed." Durham City Council's Local Plan notes that the "powerful" building, together with Kingsgate Bridge, "provides an exhilarating pedestrian route ... out into open space over the river gorge".Durham City Council, [http://www.cartoplus.co.uk/durham/text/11_cc_city_centre.htm City of Durham Local Plan], accessed 5 November 2006 Douglas Wise, head of the school of architecture at Newcastle University, called it "the greatest contribution modern architecture has made to the
enjoyment of an English medieval city".{{cite web|url=https://www.durham.ac.uk/media/durham-university/research-/research-centres/visual-arts-and-cultures-centre-for-cvac/Durhams-Modern-Moment-%C3%A2%C2%80%C2%93-Creating-Human-Community-in-Dunelm-House-and-on-Kingsgate-Bridge.pdf|title=Durham's Modern Moment – Creating Human Community in Dunelm House and on Kingsgate Bridge|author= Adrian Green|website=Durham University|access-date=25 February 2025}} It has also been recognised for the way its multiple levels cascade down the river bank, reflecting the vernacular architecture of the city and breaking up the bulk of the building.{{cite magazine|title=About Town|url=https://durhamcity.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Bulletin-82.pdf|magazine=Bulletin|publisher=City of Durham Trust|issue=82|page=4|date=Spring 2017}}{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cScTDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA101-IA3|title=The Story of Durham|pages=101–102|author= Douglas Pocock|publisher=The History Press|date=2013|isbn=978-0-7509-5300-9 }}{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pp9hEAAAQBAJ&pg=SA1-PA113|title= Revaluing Modern Architecture: Changing conservation culture|author= John Allan|chapter=Case Study 4: Dunelm House, Durham|pages=113–122|publisher= RIBA Publishing|date= 2022|isbn= 978-1-000-56466-2}}
Public views were divided from the start, with a local newspaper in 1966 reporting views ranging from "the third best looking building in the city" (after the cathedral and castle), to a "monstrosity".{{cite news|url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/19070288.time-run-universitys-concrete-jumble/|title=The story of Dunelm House and Kingsgate Bridge|first=Chris|last=Lloyd|work=The Northern Echo|date=6 February 2021}} The Observer in 2017 reported that students called it "that ugly concrete building".
References
{{reflist}}
Category:Buildings and structures of Durham University
Category:Brutalist architecture in North East England
Category:University and college buildings completed in 1966
Category:Grade II listed educational buildings
Category:Grade II listed buildings in County Durham