Dunhua
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Dunhua
|native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh|敦化市}} · {{nobold|{{lang|ko|돈화시}}}}}}
|official_name =
|settlement_type = County-level city
|image_skyline = DunHua.JPG
|image_caption = Dunhua in 2013
|image_map =
|map_caption = Location of the city
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = China
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = Jilin
|subdivision_type2 = Prefecture
|subdivision_name2 = Yanbian
|seat = Minzhu Subdistrict
|seat_type = Municipal seat
|population_density_km2 = auto
| area_total_km2 = 11957.0
| area_urban_km2 = 116.00
| population_total = 392486
| population_as_of = 2020 census
| population_urban = 201900
|population_footnotes = {{cite web |url =http://zfxxgk.yanbian.gov.cn/xzjdkfq_1247/cyqybz_1/xxgkml/202106/t20210607_342023.html |title= 延边朝鲜族自治州第七次全国人口普查公报 |publisher = Government of Yanbian Prefecture |language = zh |date = 2021-06-07 }}
|pushpin_map = Jilin
|pushpin_label_position = left
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jilin province
|coordinates = {{coord|43|22|N|128|14|E|region:CN-22|display=it}}
|elevation_m = 505
|timezone = China Standard
|utc_offset = +8
|postal_code = 133700
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|area_code = 0433
|website = {{URL|http://www.dunhua.gov.cn/}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|c = {{linktext|敦|化|市}}
|p = Dūnhuà Shì
|cnhanja = 敦化市
|cnhangul = 돈화시
|cnrr = Donhwa-si
|cnmr = Tonhwa-si
|skhangul = 둔화시
|skrr = Dunhwa Si
|skmr = Tunhwa Si
|northkorea = yes
|order = st
}}
Dunhua ({{Lang-zh|c=敦化}}; Korean: {{lang|ko|돈화}}) is a county-level city of the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in southeastern Jilin province, China. It has more than 480,000 inhabitants (as of 2002) and was the capital of Balhae between 742 and 756, known at the time as "Junggyeong". During the Qing dynasty it was called Áodōng ({{lang|zh-hans|敖东}}) in Chinese and Odoli in Manchu.{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}}
Geography and climate
Dunhua is situated amongst the Changbai Mountains, its administrative area spanning 42°42′−44°30′ N latitude and 127°28′−129°13′ E longitude, reaching a maximal north–south extent of {{convert|200|km|0|abbr=on}} and east–west width of {{convert|142|km|0|abbr=on}}. Its total area of {{convert|11957|km2|0|abbr=on}} makes it, by area, the largest county-level city of the province.
Dunhua has a four-season, monsoon-influenced, humid continental climate (Köppen Dwb), with long, very cold winters, and short, but warm, humid summers. Spring and autumn constitute very short transitions with some, but usually not heavy, rainfall. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−16.2|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|20.2|°C|1}} in July, while the annual mean is {{convert|3.8|°C|1}} and a total precipitation of {{convert|633.7|mm|1|abbr=on}}, more than 60% of which falls from June through August.
Liuding Mountain is located 5 km south of Dunhua. The mountain is one of the AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China, and contains tombs from the Balhae kingdom, a large monastery and a 48 meter tall statue of the Buddha.{{cite web |title=Liuding Mountain, Dunhua |url=https://govt.chinadaily.com.cn/s/201812/17/WS5c1716a0498ee2f0291e3e79/liuding-mountain-dunhua.html |website=govt.chinadaily.com.cn |publisher=China Daily |access-date=25 November 2023}}
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Dunhua, elevation {{convert|525|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)
|Jan high C = -8.8
|Feb high C = -4.3
|Mar high C = 2.8
|Apr high C = 12.5
|May high C = 19.5
|Jun high C = 23.8
|Jul high C = 26.2
|Aug high C = 25.2
|Sep high C = 20.5
|Oct high C = 12.7
|Nov high C = 1.5
|Dec high C = -6.8
|Jan mean C = -15.6
|Feb mean C = -11.1
|Mar mean C = -3.2
|Apr mean C = 6.0
|May mean C = 12.9
|Jun mean C = 17.9
|Jul mean C = 20.9
|Aug mean C = 19.9
|Sep mean C = 13.8
|Oct mean C = 5.7
|Nov mean C = -4.2
|Dec mean C = -12.8
|Jan low C = -21.1
|Feb low C = -17.2
|Mar low C = -8.9
|Apr low C = -0.1
|May low C = 6.6
|Jun low C = 12.5
|Jul low C = 16.5
|Aug low C = 15.5
|Sep low C = 8.1
|Oct low C = -0.2
|Nov low C = -9.1
|Dec low C = -17.9
|Jan record high C = 5.6 |Jan record low C = -35.9
|Feb record high C = 12.7 |Feb record low C = -33.9
|Mar record high C = 18.3 |Mar record low C = -26.8
|Apr record high C = 29.0 |Apr record low C = -13.7
|May record high C = 32.4 |May record low C = -9.6
|Jun record high C = 34.5 |Jun record low C = 1.4
|Jul record high C = 36.4 |Jul record low C = 7.4
|Aug record high C = 33.3 |Aug record low C = 3.0
|Sep record high C = 29.2 |Sep record low C = -6.0
|Oct record high C = 28.3 |Oct record low C = -19.3
|Nov record high C = 20.2 |Nov record low C = -31.5
|Dec record high C = 8.4 |Dec record low C = -34.1
|year high C = |year low C =
|year high F = |year low F =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 4.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 8.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 17.4
|Apr precipitation mm = 28.9
|May precipitation mm = 70.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 100.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 145.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 134.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 65.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 30.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 18.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 7.1
|Jan humidity = 65
|Feb humidity = 60
|Mar humidity = 57
|Apr humidity = 53
|May humidity = 60
|Jun humidity = 71
|Jul humidity = 78
|Aug humidity = 80
|Sep humidity = 74
|Oct humidity = 64
|Nov humidity = 65
|Dec humidity = 67
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 4.8
|Feb precipitation days = 5.0
|Mar precipitation days = 7.6
|Apr precipitation days = 8.6
|May precipitation days = 14.1
|Jun precipitation days = 15.0
|Jul precipitation days = 15.3
|Aug precipitation days = 14.4
|Sep precipitation days = 9.6
|Oct precipitation days = 8.5
|Nov precipitation days = 8.4
|Dec precipitation days = 7.2
|year precipitation days =
|Jan sun = 161.3
|Feb sun = 178.0
|Mar sun = 207.2
|Apr sun = 203.3
|May sun = 219.1
|Jun sun = 207.0
|Jul sun = 187.7
|Aug sun = 182.6
|Sep sun = 200.6
|Oct sun = 185.8
|Nov sun = 145.7
|Dec sun = 143.2
|year sun =
| Jan percentsun = 55
| Feb percentsun = 60
| Mar percentsun = 56
| Apr percentsun = 50
| May percentsun = 48
| Jun percentsun = 45
| Jul percentsun = 41
| Aug percentsun = 43
| Sep percentsun = 54
| Oct percentsun = 55
| Nov percentsun = 51
| Dec percentsun = 52
| year percentsun =
|Jan snow days = 9.1
|Feb snow days = 8.5
|Mar snow days = 10.5
|Apr snow days = 5.5
|May snow days = 0.4
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0.1
|Oct snow days = 3.1
|Nov snow days = 10.2
|Dec snow days = 10.4
|year snow days =
|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=7 July 2023}}
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =7 July 2023}}
| source 2 = Weather China{{cite web
| url = http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101060302.shtml?
| script-title=zh:敦化 - 气象数据 -中国天气网
| publisher = Weather China
| language = zh
| access-date = 28 November 2022}}
}}
Administrative divisions
Dunhua has four subdistricts, 11 towns, and five townships.{{cite web
|url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2022/22/24/222403.html
|archive-url =
|url-status =
|archive-date =
|script-title = zh:2022年统计用区划代码：敦化市
|publisher = National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China
|language = zh
|access-date =
| class="wikitable" align="center" style="width:50%; border="1" |
| Name
! Simplified Chinese ! Hanyu Pinyin ! Korean |
|---|
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|Subdistricts |
| ---------
| {{lang|zh-hans|渤海街道}} | {{transliteration|zh|Bóhǎi jiēdào}} | {{lang|ko|발해가도}} | {{transliteration|ko|palhae kato}} | 222403001 |
| Shengli Subdistrict
| {{lang|zh-hans|胜利街道}} | {{transliteration|zh|Shènglì jiēdào}} | {{lang|ko|승리가도}} | {{transliteration|ko|sŭngri kato}} | 222403002 |
| Minzhu Subdistrict
| {{lang|zh-hans|民主街道}} | {{transliteration|zh|Mínzhǔ jiēdào}} | {{lang|ko|민주가도}} | {{transliteration|ko|minchu kato}} | 222403003 |
| Danjiang Subdistrict
| {{lang|zh-hans|丹江街道}} | {{transliteration|zh|Dānjiāng jiēdào}} | {{lang|ko|단강가도}} | {{transliteration|ko|minchu kato}} | 222403004 |
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|Towns |
| ---------
| Dashitou | {{lang|zh-hans|大石头镇}} | {{transliteration|zh|Dàshítóu zhèn}} | {{lang|ko|대석두진}} | {{transliteration|ko|taesŏktu chin}} | 222403100 |
| Huangnihe
| {{lang|zh-hans|黄泥河镇}} | {{transliteration|zh|Huángníhé zhèn}} | {{lang|ko|황니하진}} | {{transliteration|ko|hwangniha chin}} | 222403101 |
| Guandi
| {{lang|zh-hans|官地镇}} | {{transliteration|zh|Guāndì zhèn}} | {{lang|ko|관지진}} | {{transliteration|ko|kwanchi chin}} | 222403102 |
| Shaheyan
| {{lang|zh-hans|沙河沿镇}} | {{transliteration|zh|Shāhéyán zhèn}} | {{lang|ko|사하연진}} | {{transliteration|ko|sahayŏn chin}} | 222403103 |
| Qiuligou
| {{lang|zh-hans|秋梨沟镇}} | {{transliteration|zh|Qiūlígōu zhèn}} | {{lang|ko|추리구진}} | {{transliteration|ko|ch'uriku chin}} | 222403104 |
| Aegmog
| {{lang|zh-hans|额穆镇}} | {{transliteration|zh|Émù zhèn}} | {{lang|ko|액목진}} | {{transliteration|ko|aekmok chin}} | 222403105 |
| Xianru
| {{lang|zh-hans|贤儒镇}} | {{transliteration|zh|Xiánrú zhèn}} | {{lang|ko|현유진}} | {{transliteration|ko|hyŏnyu chin}} | 222403106 |
| Dapuchaihe
| {{lang|zh-hans|大蒲柴河镇}} | {{transliteration|zh|Dàpúcháihé zhèn}} | {{lang|ko|대푸채하진}} | {{transliteration|ko|taep'uch'aeha chin}} | 222403107 |
| Yanminghu
| {{lang|zh-hans|雁鸣湖镇}} | {{transliteration|zh|Yànmínghú zhèn}} | {{lang|ko|안명호진}} | {{transliteration|ko|anmyŏngho chin}} | 222403108 |
| Jiangyuan
| {{lang|zh-hans|江源镇}} | {{transliteration|zh|Jiāngyuán zhèn}} | {{lang|ko|강원진}} | {{transliteration|ko|kangwŏn chin}} | 222403109 |
| Jiangnan
| {{lang|zh-hans|江南镇}} | {{transliteration|zh|Jiāngnán zhèn}} | {{lang|ko|강남진}} | {{transliteration|ko|kangnam chin}} | 222403110 |
| colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"|Townships |
| ---------
| {{lang|zh-hans|大桥乡}} | {{transliteration|zh|Dàqiáo xiāng}} | {{lang|ko|대교향}} | {{transliteration|ko|taekyo hyang}} | 222403200 |
| Heishi Township
| {{lang|zh-hans|黑石乡}} | {{transliteration|zh|Hēishí xiāng}} | {{lang|ko|흑석향}} | {{transliteration|ko|hŭksŏk hyang}} | 222403201 |
| Qinggouzi Township
| {{lang|zh-hans|青沟子乡}} | {{transliteration|zh|Qīnggōuzi xiāng}} | {{lang|ko|청구자향}} | {{transliteration|ko|ch'ŏngkucha hyang}} | 222403202 |
| Hanzhang Township
| {{lang|zh-hans|翰章乡}} | {{transliteration|zh|Hànzhāng xiāng}} | {{lang|ko|한장향}} | {{transliteration|ko|hanchang hyang}} | 222403203 |
| Hongshi Township
| {{lang|zh-hans|红石乡}} | {{transliteration|zh|Hóngshí xiāng}} | {{lang|ko|홍석향}} | {{transliteration|ko|hongsŏk hyang}} | 222403204 |
Sister cities
- *{{flagdeco|South Korea}} Dongjak-gu, Seoul of South Korea (1968){{Cite web|title=동작구 코로나19 현황|url=http://www.dongjak.go.kr/|access-date=2021-07-05|website=www.dongjak.go.kr}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{commons category|position=left|Dunhua}}
{{Yanbian}}
{{County-level divisions of Jilin}}
{{Korean autonomy in the People's Republic of China}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:County-level divisions of Jilin