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Durandal-class destroyer#Samsun class

{{Short description|Ship class of the French Navy, built 1896–1900}}

{{more footnotes|date=June 2021}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}

{{Infobox ship begin}}

{{Infobox ship image

|Ship image=Hallebarde-Marius Bar.jpg

|Ship caption= Hallebarde departing Toulon

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{{Infobox ship class overview

|Name= Durandal class

|Builders=Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand, Le Havre

|Operators={{navy|France}}

|Class before=None

|Class after={{sclass|Framée|destroyer|4}}

|Cost=

|Built range=1899–1900

|In service range=

|In commission range= 1899–1921

|Total ships completed=4

|Total ships lost=1

|Total ships scrapped=3

}}

{{Infobox ship characteristics

|Hide header=

|Header caption=

|Ship type=

|Ship displacement={{convert|296

306|LT|t|disp=flip|abbr=on|lk=on}}

|Ship length={{convert|57.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a

|Ship beam={{convert|6.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

|Ship draft={{convert|3.17|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

|Ship power=*2 water-tube boilers

  • {{convert|4800|ihp|lk=in|abbr=on}}

|Ship propulsion=2 shafts; 2 triple-expansion steam engines

|Ship speed={{convert|26|kn|lk=in}}

|Ship range={{convert|2300|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}}

|Ship complement=52

|Ship armament=*1 × single Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 gun

|Ship notes=

}}

The Durandal class was a group of four destroyers built for the French Navy between 1896 and 1900, used during the First World War. These vessels were France's first true destroyers rather than torpedo boats. Two units were launched in 1899 while another two followed in 1900. Another four destroyers of the similar Samsun class were laid down in 1906 and completed in 1907 for the Ottoman Navy, they also served in the First World War.

These vessels, which were an enlarged derivative of the previous {{sclass2|Filibustier|torpedo boat|2}}s,Campbell, p. 323 resembled the {{sclass|Havock|destroyer|4}} of Great Britain.Osborne, p. 39 Its hull had a turtleback bow to reduce water resistance,Osborne, p. 186 with two masts and two funnels. The ships were powered by two triple expansion engines fed by water tube boilers, giving a speed of {{convert|26|kn}}, and were armed by two torpedo tubes (with two reload torpedoes carried on board), a Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891 and six QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns.Campbell, p. 326

The Durandal destroyers were laid down between 1896 and 1897 and completed between 1899 and 1900. Espingole struck a rock in the Bay of Cavalaire-sur-Mer off the South of France on 4 February 1903, which caused the ship to sink.{{cite news|title=A French Destroyer Sunk: The Crew Saved |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14485699|access-date=29 June 2012|newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald |date=7 February 1903 |page=9}} The three remaining destroyers served through the First World War, operating in both the English Channel and the Mediterranean Sea. They were sold for scrap in 1921.Roberts, p. 375

''Durandal'' class

All four were built by Normand at Le Havre. The first pair (Durandal and Hallebarde) were ordered on 5 and 25 August 1896 respectively. They had a turtledeck forecastle and a flying deck aft, with two masts and two funnels widely separated by their machinery. The second pair (Fauconneau and Espignole) were ordered on 14 April 1897, and differed from the first pair by having a strengthened hull and a slightly raised bow.

  • {{ship|French destroyer|Durandal||2}} – launched 11 February 1899, stricken 7 April 1919.
  • {{ship|French destroyer|Hallebarde||2}} – launched 8 June 1899, stricken 4 March 1920.
  • {{ship|French destroyer|Fauconneau||2}} – launched 2 April 1900, stricken 15 January 1921.
  • {{ship|French destroyer|Espingole||2}} – launched 28 June 1900, ran aground and lost 4 February 1903.

''Samsun'' class

{{Infobox ship begin}}

{{Infobox ship image

|Ship image=

|Ship caption= Samsun in the Sea of Marmara, 1920s

}}

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{{Infobox ship class overview

|Name= Samsun class

|Builders=Forges et Chantiers de la Gironde, Bordeaux

Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, Nantes

|Operators={{navy|Ottoman Empire}}

|Class before=

|Class after=

|Cost=

|Built range=1906–1907

|In service range=

|In commission range= 1907–1932

|Total ships completed=4

|Total ships lost=1

|Total ships scrapped=3

}}

{{Infobox ship characteristics

|Hide header=

|Header caption=

|Ship type=

|Ship displacement={{convert|296

306|LT|t|disp=flip|abbr=on|lk=on}}

|Ship length={{convert|57.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a

|Ship beam={{convert|6.30|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

|Ship draft={{convert|3.17|m|ftin|abbr=on}}

|Ship power=*2 water-tube boilers

  • {{convert|5950|ihp|lk=in|abbr=on}}

|Ship propulsion=2 shafts; 2 Triple-expansion steam engines

|Ship speed={{convert|28|kn|lk=in}}

|Ship range={{convert|975|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|15|kn}}

|Ship complement=52

|Ship armament=*1 × single Canon de 65 mm Modèle 1891/50 M1902 gun

|Ship notes=

}}

{{Collapsed infobox section end}}

The Samsun-class destroyers had similar dimensions to the Durandal class, but had more powerful machinery, more powerful armament, higher top speed and shorter range. Three of the four (Samsun, Yarhisar and Basra) were built by C A de la Gironde at Bordeaux, while Tasoz was built by Schneider at Nantes.{{Cite book|title=The Ottoman steam navy, 1828–1923|last=Langensiepen|first=Bernd|date=1995|publisher=Naval Institute Press|others=Güleryüz, Ahmet, Cooper, James|isbn=9781557506597|location=Annapolis, Md.|oclc=32754051}} These ships suffered from mechanical problems due to poor maintenance and played little part in World War I. It was estimated that none could exceed {{convert|17|kn}} in 1915. The Yarhisar was sunk in 1915 and the three surviving ships were scrapped in 1949. Yarhisar was under the command of Lt. Cdr. Ahmet Hulusi and sank in the gulf of Izmit near Yalova on 3 December 1915 by the British submarine {{HMS|E11}} under the command of Lt. Cdr. Martin Dunbar-Nasmith. The torpedo struck the engine room and the ship was torn in two. Forty-two of her crew (36 Turks and 6 Germans) died.{{Cite web|url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?148334|title=Yarhisar Destroyer|date=2015-09-21|website=www.wrecksite.eu|access-date=2017-08-04}}

  • {{ship|Ottoman destroyer|Samsun||2}} – laid up in 1918, repaired and recommissioned in 1924–1925, decommissioned in 1932, BU in 1949.
  • {{ship|Ottoman destroyer|Yarhisar||2}} – sunk 3 December 1915, by the British submarine HMS E11.
  • {{ship|Ottoman destroyer|Taşoz||2}} – laid up in 1918, repaired and recommissioned in 1924–1925, decommissioned in 1932, BU in 1949.
  • {{ship|Ottoman destroyer|Basra||2}} – laid up in 1918, repaired and recommissioned in 1924–1925, decommissioned in 1932, BU in 1949.

References

{{Reflist}}

Bibliography

{{Commons category|Durandal class destroyers|Durandal-class destroyer}}

{{Commons category|Samsun class destroyers|Samsun-class destroyer}}

  • {{cite book |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905 |editor1-last=Chesneau |editor1-first=Roger |editor2-last=Kolesnik |editor2-first=Eugene M. |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |location=Greenwich |year=1979 |isbn=0-8317-0302-4 |name-list-style=amp |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2|chapter=France|author1-last=Campbell|author1-first=N. J. M.|pages=283–333}}
  • {{cite book|last=Caresse|first=Philippe|chapter=The Unlucky Destroyer Espignole|editor-last=Jordan|editor-first=John|publisher=Conway|location=London|date=2013|title=Warship 2013|isbn=978-1-84486-205-4}}
  • {{cite book|last=Couhat|first=Jean Labayle|title=French Warships of World War I|year=1974|publisher=Ian Allan |location=London|isbn=0-7110-0445-5}}
  • {{cite book |first=Eric W. |last=Osborne|year=2005 |title=Destroyers – An Illustrated History of Their Impact |isbn=1-85109-479-2 |publisher=ABC-Clio |location=Santa Barbara, California}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Jordan|first1=John |editor1-last=Jordan |editor1-first=John |title=Warship 2025 |date=2025 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|location=London |isbn=978-1-4728-6854-1 |pages=111–132 |chapter=The 300-Tonnes: The First French Torpedo Boat Destroyer}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Prévoteaux |first1=Gérard |title=La marine française dans la Grande guerre: les combattants oubliés: Tome I 1914–1915 |date=2017 |publisher=Éditions Lela presse |location=Le Vigen, France |isbn=978-2-37468-000-2|trans-title=The French Navy during the Great War: The Forgotten Combatants, Book I 1914–1915|series=Collection Navires & Histoire des Marines du Mond|volume=23}}
  • {{cite book |last1=Prévoteaux |first1=Gérard |title=La marine française dans la Grande guerre: les combattants oubliés: Tome II 1916–1918 |date=2017 |publisher=Éditions Lela presse |location=Le Vigen, France |isbn=978-2-37468-001-9|trans-title=The French Navy during the Great War: The Forgotten Combatants, Book II 1916–1918|series=Collection Navires & Histoire des Marines du Mond|volume=27}}
  • {{cite book|last=Roberts|first=Stephen S.|title=French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|year=2021|location=Barnsley, UK|publisher=Seaforth Publishing |isbn=978-1-5267-4533-0}}
  • {{cite book|first=Jean-Michel|last=Roche|year=2005|title=Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours |isbn=978-2-9525917-0-6|oclc=165892922|publisher=Group Retozel-Maury Millau |volume=II: 1870–2006|trans-title=Dictionary of French Warships from Colbert to the Present Day}}

{{Durandal class destroyer}}

{{WWI French ships}}

Category:Destroyer classes

Category:Destroyers of the French Navy

Category:World War I destroyers of France

Category:Ship classes of the French Navy