Durmitor#National park
{{short description|Massif in northwestern Montenegro}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Durmitor
| other_name = Дурмитор
| photo = Durmitor.jpg
| photo_caption =
| elevation_m = 2523
| elevation_ref =
| prominence =
| map = Montenegro
| map_caption =
| location = Montenegro
| range = Dinaric Alps
| coordinates = {{coord|43|07|40|N|19|02|00|E|type:mountain}}
| topo =
| type =
| age =
| first_ascent = 1883
| easiest_route =
}}
Durmitor (Montenegrin: Дурмитор, {{IPA|sh|durmǐtɔr|pron}} or {{IPA|sh|dǔrmitɔr|}}) is a massif located in northwestern Montenegro. It is part of the Dinaric Alps. Its highest peak, Bobotov Kuk, reaches a height of {{convert|2523|m|ft|0|sp=us}}.
The massif is limited by the Tara River Canyon on the north, the Piva River Canyon on the west, and by the Komarnica River Canyon on the south. To the east, the Durmitor opens to a {{convert|1500|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high plateau, called Jezerska površ (Plateau of Lakes). Mount Sinjavina is located to the east of the Jezerska površ plateau. The Durmitor is for the most part located in the Žabljak municipality.
The massif gives its name to the national park that comprises it. Durmitor National Park was founded in 1952, and designated as a World Heritage Site in 1980.
Peaks
File:Durmitor - near Minin bogaz.jpg
The massif has 48 peaks above {{convert|2000|m|ft|0|sp=us}}. Highest peaks are:
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
- Bobotov kuk {{convert|2523|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Bezimeni vrh (Nameless Peak) {{convert|2487|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Šljeme {{convert|2455|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Istočni vrh Šljemena (East Peak of Sljeme) {{convert|2445|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Soa / Đevojka {{convert|2440|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Milošev tok {{convert|2426|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Bandijerna {{convert|2409|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Rbatina {{convert|2401|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Lučin vrh {{convert|2396|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Prutaš {{convert|2393|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Minin bogaz {{convert|2387|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Planinica {{convert|2330|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Kobilja glava {{convert|2321|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Savin Kuk {{convert|2313|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
- Šupljika {{convert|2310|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
{{div col end}}
Lakes
Durmitor features 18 glacial lakes, scattered over mountain massif and Jezerska Površ plateau. The lakes add significantly to the beauty of the mountain, and have been nicknamed Gorske Oči, or "mountain eyes".{{cite web|title=Lakes - Durmitor|url=https://durmitorcg.wordpress.com/national-park/lakes/|website=durmitorcg.org|access-date=27 October 2017}}
{{col-start}}
{{col-3}}
- Black Lake
- Veliko Škrčko Lake
- Malo Škrčko Lake
- Zeleni Vir
- Jablan Lake
- Valovito Lake
{{col-3}}
- Vir u Lokvicama
- Srablje Lake
- Modro Lake
- Suva Lokva
- Zminje Lake
- Barno Lake
{{col-3}}
- Pošćensko Lake
- Zabojsko Lake
- Vražje Lake
- Riblje Lake
- Zminčko Lake
- Sušičko Lake
{{col-3}}
{{col-end}}
Name
One theory of the name Durmitor is that it is derived from Romanian, meaning 'sleeping place' (cognate with English dormitory) and was given by Romanian settlers in the middle age. There are similarly named mountains, such as Visitor (cf. visător 'dreamer') and Cipitor (cf. ațipitor 'sleeper') across the former Yugoslavia.Room Adrian (2004) "Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 5000 Natural Features" {{ISBN|0-7864-1814-1}} p. 112.
Another theory is that the name was given by the Celts, and the meaning would be anything from 'water from the mountain' to 'ridged mountain'.{{Source?|date=July 2023}} Considering the duration of time that the ancient Celts spent around these part and the Tara River (Tara is a Celtic goddess, as well),{{Source?|date=July 2023}} its name being of Celtic origin, it is very possible that Durmitor is a name of similar origin. Zeta river also has a Celtic origin name ("Loved one").{{Source?|date=July 2023}}
National park
{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| WHS = Durmitor National Park
| image = Черное озеро - panoramio (13).jpg
| image_upright = 1.2
| caption =
| location = Montenegro
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(vii)(viii)(x)}}(vii)(viii)(x)
| ID = 100bis
| year = 1980
| extension = 2005
| area = {{convert|32,100|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
}}
Durmitor National Park, created in 1952, includes the massif of Durmitor, the canyons of Tara, Sušica and Draga rivers and the higher part of the canyon plateau Komarnica, covering an area of {{convert|390|km2|sp=us}}. It is the largest protected area in Montenegro, and it was inscribed on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1980.{{cite web|title=Durmitor National Park|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/100|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=27 October 2017}}
At {{convert|80|km|sp=us}} long and {{convert|1300|m|sp=us}} deep, the Tara River Canyon in Durmitor National Park is the deepest gorge in Europe.{{cite web|title=Durmitor National Park|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/parks/durmitor-montenegro/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206035206/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/parks/durmitor-montenegro/|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 6, 2017|website=nationalgeographic.com|access-date=27 October 2017}}
Tourism
Durmitor mountain is the centre of Montenegrin mountain tourism. The tourist facilities are concentrated around the town of Žabljak. In winter, the main activities on Durmitor are skiing and snowboarding. In summer, the activities shift to hiking, mountaineering and recreational tourism. Water sports are also practiced in the area.{{cite web|title=Durmitur National Park Montenegro|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Durmitor.pdf|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090114220806/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Durmitor.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 January 2009|website=unep-wcmc.org|access-date=27 October 2017}} Some of the most prominent attractions of Durmitor mountain are 18 glacial lakes, the best known of which is the Black Lake and the mountain peak Stožina.{{cite web|title=Black Lake|url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/montenegro/durmitor-national-park/attractions/black-lake/a/poi-sig/1337168/360159|website=lonelyplanet.com|access-date=27 October 2017}}
Gallery
File:Durmitor national park in 2018 2.jpg|Durmitor national park
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора.jpg|
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора2.jpg|
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора3.jpg|
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора4.jpg
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора5.jpg|
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора6.jpg|
File:Свјетлопис Дурмитора7.jpg|
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
=Alpinism=
- {{cite book |date=February 1959 |first=Željko |last=Poljak |chapter=Durmitor |page=25 |title=Kazalo za "Hrvatski planinar" i "Naše planine" 1898—1958 |series=Naše planine |issn=0354-0650 |volume=XI |issue=1–2 |url=https://www.hps.hr/hp-arhiva/195901.pdf |language=hr}}
=Biology=
- {{cite journal |date=2016-12-31 |first1=Martina |last1=Šašić |first2=Ana |last2=Nahirnić |first3=Gerhard M. |last3=Tarmann |title=Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera) in the Lepidoptera collections of the Croatian Natural History Museum |pages=233–248 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/171967 |doi=10.20302/NC.2016.25.19 |journal=Natura Croatica: Periodicum Musei Historiae Naturalis Croatici |eissn=1848-7386 |volume=25 |issue=2}}
External links
{{commons category|Durmitor}}
- [http://www.durmitornp.com/ Official National Park Site]
- [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/100 UNESCO World Heritage Site profile]
- [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090114220806/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/sites/wh/pdf/Durmitor.pdf UNEP-WCMC World Heritage Site datasheet]
- [https://www.summitpost.org/durmitor/152176 SummitPost: Useful information (Camping, routes, weather etc.)]
- [https://www.zabljak.com/durmitor-national-park Tourist guide for Durmitor national park]
{{Authority control}}
Category:Dinaric Mountains mixed forests
Category:Mountains of Montenegro
Category:National parks of Montenegro
Category:Protected areas established in 1952