E. R. Squibb

Squibb was born in Wilmington, Delaware, on July 4, 1819. He was the son of James Robinson Squibb (1796–1852) and Catherine Harrison (née Bonsal) Squibb (1798–1833), both Quakers. At age 26 he graduated from Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Immediately after graduating from medical school, he became a ship's doctor in the U.S. Navy, serving during the ongoing Mexican–American War. After the war, he ran the Brooklyn Naval Hospital's medical station at Brooklyn Navy Yard.{{cite journal|title=Dr. Edward Robinson Squibb|journal=American Druggist and Pharmaceutical Record|number= 37 |date=July–December 1900|pages= 287–288|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mDLnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA287}}

As a Navy physician, Squibb became disenchanted with the poor quality of medicines used on American military vessels and, as a result, in 1854 he invented an improved method of distilling ether, an anesthetic. He gave away his distillation method, rather than patent it for profit.Michael Rhode, "E. R. Squibb, 1854," [http://www.the-scientist.com/2008/2/1/80/1/ The Scientist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013183204/http://www.the-scientist.com/2008/2/1/80/1/ |date=2008-10-13 }}, 2008.

In 1858, he left the military and started his own pharmaceutics manufacturing business in Brooklyn. His laboratory burned down three times, and in one of these instances an ether explosion left Squibb badly burned.

In 1892, Squibb created a partnership with his two sons, Dr. Edward H. Squibb and Charles F. Squibb, a firm known for generations afterwards as E. R. Squibb and Sons. Squibb was known as a vigorous advocate of quality control and high purity standards within the fledgling pharmaceutical industry of his time, at one point self-publishing an alternative to the U.S. Pharmacopeia (Squibb's Ephemeris of Materia Medica) after failing to convince the American Medical Association to incorporate higher purity standards. Mentions of the Materia Medica, Squibb products, and Edward Squibb's opinion on the utility and best method of preparation for various medicines are found in many medical papers of the late 1800s.{{cite journal |title=Inverse Type of Temperature in Typhoid Fever, with a Report of Two Cases – Temperature Peculiarities in Epidemics, with a Report of Seven Cases in One Family |journal=Boston Medical and Surgical Journal |date=January 8, 1885 |last=Hollopeter |first=W.C. |volume=112 |pages=28–32 |doi=10.1056/NEJM188308301090903 |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM188710271171706 |access-date=2014-11-25 |quote="The writer noticed (in December, 1882) the important fact that when common or Japan camphor and crystallized carbolic acid are mixed together and subjected to heat, a colorless liquid would be the result. The only reference he finds so far with regard to this reaction occurs in the very excellent and valuable scientific publication of Dr. E. R. Squibb, " Ephemeris of Materia Medica", etc., on page 673, vol. ii., No. 5, where a brief allusion appears under the appellation of Compound Alum Powder. Dr. F. R. Squibb, however, in a letter to the writer states that he has " several times before heard of this reaction between phenol and camphor." |url-access=subscription }}{{cite journal |journal=Boston Medical and Surgical Journal |date=August 30, 1883 |last=Bolles |first=William |volume=109 |issue=9 |pages=195–196 |doi=10.1056/NEJM188308301090903 |url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM188710271171706 |access-date=2014-11-25 |quote=Dr. Squibb is publishing in his Ephemeris a long and careful criticism upon the new Pharmacopoeia, four installments of which have already appeared, and are full of sound observation, and rich in practical pharmaceutical knowledge. |title=Report on Materia Medica and Pharmacy |url-access=subscription }}{{cite journal |title=Edward Robinson Squibb (1819–1900): Advocate of Product Standards |journal=Journal of the American Pharmacists Association |year=2003 |last=Worthen |first=Dennis |volume=46 |issue=6 |pages=754–758 |doi=10.1331/1544-3191.46.6.754.Worthen |pmid=17176693 |url=http://japha.org/article.aspx?articleid=1042039 |access-date=2014-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140418052223/http://japha.org/article.aspx?articleid=1042039 |archive-date=2014-04-18 |url-status=dead |url-access=subscription }}{{cite journal|last=Blake|first=J.B.|year=1899|title=Administration of Ether at the Boston City Hospital|journal=Boston Med Surg J|volume=141|issue=13|pages=312–314|doi=10.1056/NEJM189909281411303|quote="Until within six months Squibb's other has been exclusively used at the Boston City Hospital. Recently .MeliiHTéift's ether has been tried, ¡uni has given fair satisfaction; Squibb's is still preferred by most of the house officers."|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1916260}}{{cite journal|last=Brown|first=W.S.|year=1885|title=Forty Year's Experience in Midwifery|journal=Boston Medical and Surgical Journal|volume=112|issue=11|page=241|doi=10.1056/nejm188503121121101|quote="One reason why ergot has fallen into disrepute is the poor quality of many specimens offered for sale. Dr. Squibb's aqueous extract rarely disappoints me."|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1429884}}{{cite journal |title=Reports of Societies: Massachusetts Medical Society. Suffolk District. Section for Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Hygiene. |journal=Boston Medical and Surgical Journal |date=October 27, 1887 |last=Blodgett |first=Albert |volume=117 |pages=408–413 |doi= 10.1056/NEJM188710271171706 |quote=Dr. Farlow replied that he has had no trouble with any of the standard preparations of this drug, as manufactured by responsible firms. He mentioned Parke, Davis, & Co., Squibb, Metcalf, and a few others, whose preparations he had found to be reliable, and of uniform character. }} Squibb Corporation served as a major supplier of medical goods to the Union Army during the American Civil War, providing portable medical kits containing morphine, surgical anesthetics, and quinine for the treatment of malaria (which was endemic to the eastern United States at that time).{{cite book |last=Smith |title= Medicines for the Union Army: the United States Army laboratories during the Civil War|url=https://archive.org/details/medicinesforunio00smit |url-access=registration |publisher= Pharmaceutical Products Press|year= 2001|isbn= 9780789009470}} Accessed 2014-11-25.

Squibb was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1897.{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Edward+R.+Squibb&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}

File:Squibb Park plaque (2022).jpg, New York City]]

Squibb was married to Caroline F. Lownds Cook (1833–1905) of Philadelphia. Together, they were the parents of:{{cite book |last1=Leonard |first1=John William |last2=Mohr |first2=William Frederick |last3=Knox |first3=Herman Warren |last4=Holmes |first4=Frank R. |last5=Downs |first5=0infield Scott |title=Who's Who in New York (city and State) |date=1918 |publisher=Who's Who publications, Incorporated |page=1006 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0sWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1006 |access-date=9 August 2018 |language=en}}

• Dr. Edward Hamilton Squibb (1853–1929), who married Jane Graves Sampson (1855–1915){{cite book |title=Social Register, New York |date=1916 |publisher=Social Register Association |page=625 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0xIAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA625 |access-date=9 August 2018 |language=en}}
• Charles Fellows Squibb (1858–1942), who married Margaret Rapelje Dodge (1859–1930){{cite book |title=Harvard College Class of 1911 Decennial Report |date=1921 |publisher=Four Seas Company |page=391 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q8onAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA391 |access-date=9 August 2018 |language=en}}
• Mary King Squibb (1865–1950), who married Dr. John Cummings "J.C." Munro (1858–1910).{{cite book |title=Bulletin |date=1911 |publisher=American Academy of Medicine |page=232 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Ec9AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA232 |access-date=9 August 2018 |language=en}}{{cite book |last1=Munroe |first1=Richard S. |last2=Organ |first2=Ann Monroe |title=History and genealogy of the Lexington, Massachusetts Munroes, 1966- 1986 |date=1987 |location=Florence, Massachusetts. |url=https://archive.org/details/historygenealogy1987munr |access-date=9 August 2018}}
• George Hanson Squibb (1867–1869), who died as a very small child.

Squibb died on October 25, 1900, at his home, 152 Columbia Heights in Brooklyn, New York, from a ruptured blood vessel.{{cite news |title=Dr. Edward R. Squibb |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/10/27/102620423.pdf |access-date=9 August 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=October 27, 1900}}

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• Squibb Park Bridge

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• [http://www.antique-microscopes.com/photos/First_Zentmayer_Grand_American_microscope_No1.htm The Zentmayer Grand American Microscope once owned by Dr. E. R. Squibb]

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Category:1819 births

Category:1900 deaths

Category:Physicians from Wilmington, Delaware

Category:Thomas Jefferson University alumni

Category:19th-century American businesspeople

Category:Bristol Myers Squibb people

Category:American pharmaceutical industry businesspeople

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Category:19th-century American physicians

Category:19th-century American inventors

Category:United States Navy personnel of the Mexican–American War

Category:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery