ECI Partners
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = ECI Partners
| logo = ECI Partners logo.svg
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|1976}}
| location = London, Manchester and New York
| industry = Private equity
| products = Private equity funds, Buyouts
| num_employees = +50 (2024)
| homepage = {{URL|www.ecipartners.com/}}
}}
ECI Partners is a growth focused private equity group based in the UK and the US, first established by the Bank of England in 1976.{{cite news|url=http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/archive/Documents/historicpubs/qb/1976/qb76q4i.pdf|title=Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin Volume 16 1976 page 301|publisher=Bank of England}}
ECI typically invests up to £200m of equity (as part of an initial transaction) in businesses valued at up to £300m{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecipartners.com/who-we-are|title=Who We Are|last=|first=|date=|website=ecipartners.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613024635/http://www.ecipartners.com:80/who-we-are |archive-date=13 June 2016 }} across four sectors: services, consumer, technology/software, and healthcare.{{Cite web |title=ECI Partners investment portfolio {{!}} PitchBook |url=https://pitchbook.com/profiles/investor/11169-64#overview |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=pitchbook.com |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=ECI Partners Company Profile - Office Locations, Competitors, Revenue, Financials, Employees, Key People, Subsidiaries {{!}} Craft.co |url=https://craft.co/eci-partners-llp |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=craft.co |language=en}}
It was a founder member of both the European Venture Capital Association{{Cite news |date=2023-11-19 |title=The Times Archive {{!}} The Times & The Sunday Times |newspaper=The Times |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.com/tto/archive/article/1983-11-12/15/3.html#start=1785-01-01&end=1985-12-31&terms=%22equity%20capital%20for%20industry%22&back=/tto/archive/find/%252522equity+capital+for+industry%252522/w:1785-01-01~1985-12-31/o:date/15&prev=/tto/archive/frame/goto/%252522equity+capital+for+industry%252522/w:1785-01-01~1985-12-31/o:date/149&next=/tto/archive/frame/goto/%252522equity+capital+for+industry%252522/w:1785-01-01~1985-12-31/o:date/151 |access-date=2023-11-19 |issn=0140-0460}} (now "Invest Europe") and British Private Equity and Venture Capital Association ("BVCA") in 1983 having organised its first management buyout (for Ansafone) in 1980. Early investments included Williams Holdings – owner of Chubb and Kidde – founded by Nigel Rudd and Brian McGowan, Shanks & McEwan, National Express and Bloomsbury Publishing.
The turn of the millennium saw ECI raise their seventh fund (ECI7 - £175m){{Cite web |date=22 November 2000 |title=ECI Ventures raises its seventh fund |url=https://www.fnlondon.com/articles/eci-ventures-raises-its-seventh-fund-1-20001122 |access-date=20 July 2024 |website=Financial News}} with leading growth investments including Thinkmoney and
LateRooms (sold for a 9x return on investment{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2013-01-04 |title=ECI sells hotel dotcom for nine times return |url=https://www.privateequityinternational.com/eci-sells-hotel-dotcom-for-nine-times-return/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Private Equity International |language=en-GB}}).
In September 2023, ECI announced the final close of its twelfth buyout fund, ECI 12,{{Cite web |last=James |first=Chloe |date=2023-09-26 |title=ECI 12 closes at £1bn hard cap - ECI Partners |url=https://www.ecipartners.com/news-and-insights/news/2023/eci-12-closes-at-1bn-hard-cap |access-date=2023-09-26 |website=ECI Partners - UK private equity firm |language=en-GB}} hitting its £1 billion hard cap, beating a £900 million target.
Investments
In November 2024, ECI invested in CMap, a market leading provider of professional services automation software, and Insurance Insider, a leading digital platform providing insight and analysis for the world’s top insurers, distributors, service providers and investors.{{Cite web |last=fiona.moore@ecipartners.com |date=2024-11-04 |title=ECI invests in CMap for next stage of growth - ECI Partners |url=https://www.ecipartners.com/news-and-insights/news/2024/eci-announces-investment-in-cmap |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=ECI Partners - UK private equity firm |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |last=fiona.moore@ecipartners.com |date=2024-11-14 |title=ECI invests in Insurance Insider to accelerate growth - ECI Partners |url=https://www.ecipartners.com/news-and-insights/news/2024/eci-invests-in-insurance-insider |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=ECI Partners - UK private equity firm |language=en-GB}} In October 2024, ECI invested in both Croud, a global, full-service digital marketing company, and Independent Governance Group, the UK’s leading provider of professional pensions trusteeship and governance services.{{Cite web |last=fiona.moore@ecipartners.com |date=2024-10-31 |title=ECI backs Croud's ambitious global growth - ECI Partners |url=https://www.ecipartners.com/news-and-insights/news/2024/eci-invests-in-croud |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=ECI Partners - UK private equity firm |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |last=Bracken |first=Charlotte |date=2024-10-30 |title=ECI Partners announces investment in IGG |url=https://weareigg.com/eci-partners-announces-investment-in-independent-governance-group/ |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=Independent Governance Group |language=en}} In April 2024, ECI acquired London-based global travel management company TAG, from Apiary Capital for an undisclosed amount.{{Cite web |title=ECI leads race to snap up £150m stars' travel agent |url=https://news.sky.com/story/eci-leads-race-to-snap-up-150m-stars-travel-agent-13071534 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Sky News |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Karantzavelou |first=Vicky |date=2024-04-11 |title=Travel management firm, TAG, soars higher with backing from ECI Partners |url=https://www.traveldailynews.com/mice-industry/travel-management-firm-tag-soars-higher-with-backing-from-eci-partners/ |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=TravelDailyNews International |language=}}
In November 2023, ECI invested in ISMS.online, a UK data privacy and information security compliance software and service provider.{{Cite web |last=Mitchell |first=Sean |title=ISMS.online partners with ECI Partners for global expansion plans |url=https://itbrief.in/story/isms-online-partners-with-eci-partners-for-global-expansion-plans |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=IT Brief India |language=en}}{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-11-29 |title=ISMS.online Receives Investment From ECI Partners |url=https://www.finsmes.com/2023/11/isms-online-receives-investment-from-eci-partners.html |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=FinSMEs |language=en-US}} In September 2023, ECI acquired Commify, a business messaging platform, from Hg Capital Trust for a sum of €300 million.{{Cite web |date=2023-09-06 |title=Commify's transformation backed by ECI Partners in a private equity deal worth €300M |url=https://tech.eu/2023/09/06/eci-partners-takeover-of-commify/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=Tech.eu |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |date=5 September 2023 |title=IN BRIEF: HgCapital Trust books 32% gain from sale of Commify stake |url=https://www.lse.co.uk/news/in-brief-hgcapital-trust-books-32-gain-from-sale-of-commify-stake-wu0o1wct8yksqws.html |access-date=19 September 2023 |website=London South East}}{{Cite web |last=Cumming |first=Alice |date=2023-09-05 |title=ECI Partners backs Commify with €300m investment for growth - Business Leader News |url=https://www.businessleader.co.uk/eci-partners-backs-commify-with-e300m/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=Business Leader}}
In June 2022, ECI acquired BCN Group, a UK-based cloud and IT managed services company, from Beech Tree Private Equity{{Cite news |date=2023-04-03 |title=PE-Backed BCN Group Acquires CMI - |url=https://www.channele2e.com/investors/mergers-acquisitions/pe-backed-bcn-group-acquires-cmi/ |access-date=2023-09-19 |work=ChannelE2E |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |last=Panettieri |first=Joe |date=2022-06-21 |title=Private Equity Acquires Microsoft Cloud MSP: ECI Buys BCN Group - |url=https://www.channele2e.com/news/eci-partners-buys-bcn-group |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=ChannelE2E |language=en}}
Earlier investments have included CIPHR,{{Cite web|title=ECI announces investment in CIPHR|url=https://www.ecipartners.com/news-and-insights/news/2020/eci-announces-investment-in-ciphr-hcm-software-investors|access-date=2021-05-26|website=www.ecipartners.com|date=18 January 2021 |language=en}} Mobysoft,{{Cite web|title=ECI announce investment in predictive analytics software business Mobysoft|url=https://www.ecipartners.com/news-and-insights/news/2020/eci-announce-private-equity-investment-predictive-software-mobysoft|access-date=2021-05-26|website=www.ecipartners.com|date=16 September 2020 |language=en}} CSL,{{Cite web|title=ECI invests in CSL|url=https://www.ecipartners.com/news-and-insights/news/2020/eci-partners-invests-in-csl-iot-connectivity|access-date=2021-05-26|website=www.ecipartners.com|date=3 August 2020 |language=en}} KB Associates,{{cite news |title=Dublin investment consultancy KB Associates secures major investment |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/dublin-investment-consultancy-kb-associates-secures-major-investment-1.4042676 |newspaper=The Irish Times |accessdate=7 October 2019}} Peoplesafe,{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidermedia.com/insider/southeast/eci-backs-lone-worker-protection-firm|title=ECI backs lone worker protection firm|website=Insider Media|access-date=30 May 2019}} Travel Chapter,{{Cite web|url=https://www.ttgmedia.com/news/news/holiday-cottages-owner-travel-chapter-sold-to-new-private-equity-investor-16563|title=Holiday Cottages owner Travel Chapter sold to new private equity investor|website=TTG|access-date=7 January 2019}} Moneypenny,{{cite news|title=Moneypenny founders Ed Reeves and Rachel Clacher take investor's call|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/moneypenny-founders-ed-reeves-and-rachel-clacher-take-investors-call-9cv9dm9jj|access-date=11 November 2018|work=The Times|date=11 November 2018}} 4Ways, Arkessa, The Clear Group, Bionic, Content+Cloud,{{cite news|title=ECI snaps up stake in IT firm behind McLaren supercars|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/06/30/eci-snaps-up-stake-in-it-firm-behind-mclaren-supercars/|accessdate=30 June 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph}} Imagesound (a leading supplier of audio and screen media),{{cite news|title=ECI tunes into in- store music group|url=https://www.insidermedia.com/insider/national/eci-tunes-in-to-in-store-music-group|accessdate=9 May 2016}} Tusker,{{cite news|title=ECI Partners invests in Tusker|url=http://www.fleetnews.co.uk/news/2015/2/19/eci-partners-invests-in-tusker/54883/|accessdate=21 July 2015|publisher=Fleet News|date=19 February 2015}} Investis Digital,{{cite news|title=ECI backs Investis to accelerate its growth strategy|url=http://www.ukbusinessangelsassociation.org.uk/news/eci-backs-investis-to-accelerate-its-growth-strategy|accessdate=8 December 2014|publisher=UK Business Angels Association|date=8 December 2014}} Auction Technology Group,{{cite news|title=ECI to buy antiques bible maker ATG.|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/media/10838751/ECI-to-buy-antiques-bible-maker-ATG.html|accessdate=17 May 2014|work=The Telegraph|date=17 May 2014}} and Avantia, an online home insurance company that trades under the HomeProtect brand.{{cite news|title=ECI Partners underpins £57m Avantia buy-out|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/insurance/10686846/ECI-Partners-underpins-57m-Avantia-buy-out.html|accessdate=10 March 2014|work=The Telegraph|date=10 March 2014}}
Exits
In February 2023, ECI sold Tusker to Lloyds Banking Group, for a value of c.£300m, generating a return of 6.2x.{{cite web | url=https://www.ecipartners.com/news-and-insights/news/2023/eci-announces-sale-of-tusker-lloyds-banking-group | title=ECI announces sale of Tusker generating a return of 6.2x - ECI Partners | date=22 February 2023 }}
In September 2022, ECI realised its investment in MiQ, delivering a 6.1x return in a deal valued at a reported $900m.{{Cite web |last=Shields |first=Ronan |date=2022-09-13 |title=MiQ mulls M&A moves with new PE-backers |url=https://digiday.com/media/miq-mulls-ma-moves-with-new-pe-backers/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Digiday |language=en-US}} ECI originally backed the founders (Gurman Hundal and Lee Puri) in a minority investment in 2017{{Cite web |title=Media iQ Announces Significant Investment Round from ECI Partners - ExchangeWire.com |url=https://www.exchangewire.com/blog/2017/07/19/breaking-news-media-iq-announces-significant-investment-round-eci-partners/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=www.exchangewire.com |language=en-GB}} with MiQ growing to $45m of profit in the year before ECI exited.{{Cite web |last=Shields |first=Ronan |date=2022-09-13 |title=MiQ mulls M&A moves with new PE-backers |url=https://digiday.com/media/miq-mulls-ma-moves-with-new-pe-backers/ |access-date=2022-09-16 |website=Digiday |language=en-US}}
in June 2022, ECI sold The Clear Group, an insurance broking platform, to Goldman Sachs Asset Management{{Cite web |date=2022-06-27 |title=Clear Group secures investment from Goldman Sachs Asset Management |url=http://www.privateequitywire.co.uk/2022/06/27/315589/clear-group-secures-investment-goldman-sachs-asset-management |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=www.privateequitywire.co.uk |language=en}} having tripled Gross Written Premium to over £330m during the four year investment.{{Cite web |date=2022-06-27 |title=Goldman Sachs buys into Clear as ECI exits |url=https://www.insuranceage.co.uk/node/7949006 |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=Insurance Age |language=en}}
In October 2021, ECI sold CPOMS, a provider of safeguarding software to schools, based in Skipton, England, to US firm Raptor Technologies.{{Cite web |date=6 October 2021 |title=Skipton-based school safeguarding software provider sold to American business |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/skipton-based-school-safeguarding-software-provider-sold-to-american-business-3408923 |access-date=17 February 2024 |website=The Yorkshire Post}}{{Cite web |date=2021-10-07 |title=ECI sells CPOMS to PE-backed Raptor {{!}} Unquote |url=https://www.unquote.com/uk/official-record/3025180/eci-sells-cpoms-to-pe-backed-raptor |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=www.unquote.com |language=en}}
In February 2021, ECI announced the IPO of its portfolio company Auction Technology Group on the London Stock Exchange where it became a member of the FTSE250.{{Cite web |title=Auction Technology Group Completes IPO on London Stock Exchange |url=https://www.paulweiss.com/practices/transactional/capital-markets/news/auction-technology-group-completes-ipo-on-london-stock-exchange?id=39510 |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.paulweiss.com |language=en}}
In November 2020, ECI exited MPM generating a return of 4.4x.{{Cite web|date=2020-11-09|title=ECI's MPM exit delivers a 4.4x return|url=https://www.privateequitywire.co.uk/2020/11/09/291880/ecis-mpm-exit-delivers-44x-return|access-date=2021-05-26|website=www.privateequitywire.co.uk|language=en}}
In February 2020, ECI exited both Encore Tickets, sold to TodayTix{{cite news|title=TodayTix acquires Encore, the leading independent theatre ticket distribution network in Europe|url=https://www.greathillpartners.com/todaytix-acquires-encore-the-leading-independent-theatre-ticket-distribution-network-in-europe|publisher=Great Hill Partners|date=2 February 2020}} and Auction Technology Group, in a secondary buyout delivering 3.7x money whilst also reinvesting in the latter from its most recent fund.
ECI exited mthree in December 2019, selling to Wiley (publisher) and generating a return of over 100% IRR.{{cite web | url=https://www.unquote.com/uk/official-record/3017763/eci-sells-mthree-to-trade-after-18-months | title=ECI sells MThree to trade after 18 months | Unquote | date=7 January 2020 }}
In June 2018 ECI announced the sale of Great Rail Journeys, generating a 3.6x return.{{cite news|title=Equity firm to embark on £100m travel deal|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/equity-firm-to-embark-on-100m-travel-deal-387k0f5m2|work=The Sunday Times|date=30 June 2018}}
In June 2017 ECI sold Kelvin Hughes to Hensoldt, (formerly Airbus Defence Electronics), which generated a 3.3x return.{{cite news|title=A strong return is on the radar for one private equity firm as Hensoldt snaps up surveillance business Kelvin Hughes|url=http://www.cityam.com/267598/strong-return-radar-one-private-equity-firm-hensoldt-snaps|publisher=CityA.M.|date=29 June 2017}}
In February 2017 ECI announced the sale of Clarke Energy to Kohler Co{{cite news|title=ECI more than doubles money on exit of Clarke Energy to Kohler|url=https://realdeals.eu.com/news/2017/02/02/eci-sells-clarke-energy-kohler-co/|publisher=Real Deals|date=2 February 2017}} for a reported £300m.{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/entrepreneurs/article/green-energy-tycoon-to-make-150m-from-sale-slscvqb0f|title=Green energy tycoon to make £150m from sale|last=Dunkley|first=Daniel|date=4 December 2016|work=The Sunday Times|access-date=15 December 2018|issn=0956-1382}}
The sale of Reed & Mackay{{cite news|title=ECI and Livingbridge reap 3.4x on Reed & Mackay exit|url=http://www.unquote.com/uk/official-record/3001378/eci-and-livingbridge-reap-34x-on-reed-mackay-exit|publisher=Unquote|date=4 August 2016}} (premium corporate travel company) in August 2016 was ECI's 100th exit since 1990, and generated a multiple of 3.4x cost to investors.
In February 2016, ECI sold Citation, a provider of HR, employment law, and health & safety solutions to 16,000 SMEs, to HGCapital{{cite news|title=ECI makes 5.4x on Citation sale to HgCapital|url=http://realdeals.eu.com/article/50255-eci-makes-54x-on-citation-sale-to-hgcapital|publisher=Real Deals|date=15 February 2016}} for a reported £185m.{{cite news|title=Fast growing Citation is snapped up by Hg Capital for £185m|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/fast-growing-citation-snapped-up-10892307|publisher=AlManchester Evening News|date=15 February 2016}} generating a 5.4x return on its investment.{{Cite web|url=https://www.penews.com/articles/eci-nets-five-point-four-times-return-on-business-service-provider-20160215|title=ECI Nets 5.4x Return on Business Service Provider|last=Louch|first=William|website=penews.com|access-date=4 August 2019}}
In June 2015 it sold Fourth Hospitality, a restaurant management software firm to Insight Venture Partners.{{cite news|title=RESTAURANT SOFTWARE PROVIDER BOUGHT BY US FIRM|url=http://www.insidermedia.com/insider/north-west/142151-fourth-be-acquired-insight-venture-partners/|accessdate=21 July 2015|date=24 June 2015}}
In February 2015 ECI sold Wireless Logic, an M2M managed service provider, to CVC Capital Partners generating 6.1x money return.{{Cite web|url=https://www.altassets.net/private-equity-news/by-news-type/deal-news/eci-scores-6-1x-return-through-cvcs-acquisition-of-wireless-logic.html|title=ECI scores 6.1x return through CVC's acquisition of Wireless Logic {{!}} AltAssets Private Equity News|last=Hammond|first=Jack|date=10 February 2015|access-date=4 August 2019}}
In October 2014 ECI sold XLN Telecom to the company's management and Blackstone's credit business GSO Capital Partners generating a 3x return on its investment.{{cite news|title=ECI reaps 3x on XLN exit|url=http://www.unquote.com/uk/official-record/2374003/eci-reaps-3x-on-xln-exit|publisher=Unquote|date=6 October 2014}}
In March 2014 ECI sold CarTrawler to BC Partners for a reported €450m,{{Cite web|url=http://www.cityam.com/article/1395709918/bc-partners-drives-away-cartrawler-450m-buyout|title=BC Partners drives away with CarTrawler in €450m buyout|last=Bow|first=Michael|date=25 March 2014|website=cityam.com|access-date=15 December 2018}} returning 6x money to investors.{{Cite news|url=http://www.unquote.com/uk/official-record/98597/eci-reaps-6x-in-sale-of-cartrawler-to-bc-partners|title=ECI reaps 6x in sale of CarTrawler to BC Partners {{!}} Unquote|work=unquote.com|access-date=2017-08-31}}
In February 2014 ECI sold M2 Digital to The Rigby Group through its technology brand SCC (Specialist Computer Centres).{{cite news|title=Print services firm M2 Digital bought by SCC|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/print-services-firm-m2-digital-6721360|date=18 February 2014}}
ECI sold healthcare IT company Ascribe to AIM-listed clinical software supplier EMIS Health Group in September 2013 generating a 2.1x return.{{cite news|title=ECI makes 2.1x on Ascribe exit|url=http://www.unquote.com/uk/official-record/2294531/eci-makes-21x-on-ascribe-exit|publisher=Unquote|date=13 September 2013}}
ECI Growth Survey
The ECI Growth Survey{{cite news|title=Keep the single market and access to EU workers, Britain's high-growth companies plea|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/08/27/keep-the-single-market-and-access-to-eu-workers-britains-high-gr/|accessdate=27 August 2016|work=The Telegraph|date=27 August 2016}} is the only survey in the UK focused exclusively on growth companies. It was launched in 2010 to give owners and directors of growth companies an opportunity to voice their opinion and influence the economic debate. A number of influential figures have been involved in the survey over the years including Mark Prisk, Karan Bilimoria, Baron Bilimoria, Howard Davies, Sir Danny Alexander,{{Cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/fast-growing-companies-opposed-to-leaving-eu-says-eci-partners-survey-1-7485102|title=Fast-growing companies opposed to leaving EU, says ECI Partners survey|website=yorkshirepost.co.uk|date=28 September 2015 |access-date=30 August 2017}} Carolyn Fairbairn,{{Cite news|url=http://www.cityam.com/248422/financing-difficult-but-not-unsurmountable-say-high-growth|title=Gazelles chase growth despite Brexit vote|last=Gill|first=Oliver|date=30 August 2016|access-date=30 August 2017}} Sir John Timpson,{{Cite news|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/gazelles-shrugging-off-brexit-uncertainties-13542872|title=Gazelles' shrugging off Brexit uncertainties|last=Begum|first=Shelina|date=29 August 2017|work=men|access-date=30 August 2017}} and most recently Philip Shaw, Chief Economist at Investec.{{cite news|title=UK growth companies bucking the trend says ECI Growth Survey 2018|url=https://www.angelnews.co.uk/blog/knowledge/uk-growth-companies-bucking-the-trend-says-eci-growth-survey-2018/|accessdate=13 September 2018|publisher=Angel News|date=13 September 2018}}
Founding of the Firm
ECI's origins lie in the founding of "Equity Capital for Industry" in 1976 under a Bank of England initiative. The initial board of directors consisted of: Lord Plowden (chair), A. W. P. Stenham (Finance Director of Unilever), Lord Seebohm (chair of Finance for Industry which became 3i), Sir Jack Callard (former chair of ICI), Anthony Touche (chair of Touche, Remnant), Alfred Singer (Managing Director of National Giro), Leonard Hall (General Manager of Clerical Medical and General Life Assurance), Trevor Holdsworth (Deputy Chair, GKN), Ernest Bigland (vice chair of Guardian Royal Exchange), Peter Moody (joint investment manager, the Prudential), John Rodgers (deputy chair, CIBA-Geigy which merged to become Norvatis), Anthony Simon (chair of Target Trust Group){{Cite news |date=2023-11-19 |title=The Times Archive {{!}} The Times & The Sunday Times |newspaper=The Times |language=en |url=https://www.thetimes.com/tto/archive/article/1976-05-14/23/5.html#start=1785-01-01&end=1985-12-31&terms=%22equity%20capital%20for%20industry%22&back=/tto/archive/find/%252522equity+capital+for+industry%252522/w:1785-01-01~1985-12-31/o:date/2&prev=/tto/archive/frame/goto/%252522equity+capital+for+industry%252522/w:1785-01-01~1985-12-31/o:date/13&next=/tto/archive/frame/goto/%252522equity+capital+for+industry%252522/w:1785-01-01~1985-12-31/o:date/15 |access-date=2023-11-19 |issn=0140-0460}}
References
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External links
- [http://www.ecipartners.com/about-us/our-history ECI Partners]