ESA Optical Ground Station

{{Short description|European Space Agency observatory}}

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The ESA Optical Ground Station (OGS Telescope or ESA Space Debris Telescope) is the European Space Agency's ground based observatory at the Teide Observatory on Tenerife, Spain, built for the observation of space debris. OGS is part of the Artemis experiment and is operated by the IAC (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias) and Ataman Science S.L.U.

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The observatory is a 1-meter Coudé telescope with a field of view of 0.7 degrees, supported by an English cross-axial mount inside a dome 12.5-meters in diameter. Its main purposes are:

1. to be the optical ground station of the Artemis telecommunications satellite (the project from which the telescope takes its name)
2. to survey space debris in different orbits around the Earth,
3. to conduct surveys and follow-up observations of near-Earth objects as part of ESA's Space Situational Awareness programme, and
4. to make scientific astronomical night observations.

It is equipped with a cryogenically cooled mosaic CCD-Camera of 4k×4k pixels. The detection threshold is between 19th and 21st magnitude, which corresponds to a capability to detect space debris objects as small as 10 cm in the geostationary ring. As a large part of the observation time is dedicated to space debris surveys, in particular the observation of space debris in the geostationary ring and in geostationary transfer orbits, the term ESA Space Debris Telescope became used very frequently. Space debris surveys are carried out every month, centered on New Moon.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}

Since 2006, the telescope has also been used as a receiver station for quantum communication experiments (such as testing Bell's inequality, quantum cryptography, and quantum teleportation), with the sender station being 143 km away in the observatory on La Palma.{{cite web |url=http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMLWO7YJ6H_index_0.html |title=ESA observatory breaks world quantum teleportation record |work=ESA press release |date=6 September 2012}} This is possible because this telescope can be tilted to a near-horizontal position to point it at La Palma, which many large astronomical telescopes are unable to do.

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