ESSA-9
{{Short description|Meteorological satellite}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = ESSA-9
| image = ESSA-9, designated TOS-G prior to launch, shown during final checkout prior to being placed aboard launch vehicle (2268-261).jpg
| image_caption = ESSA-9 being checked out before launch
| mission_type = Meteorology
| operator = ESSA (1969-70)
NOAA (1970-72)
| website =
| COSPAR_ID = 1969-016A
| SATCAT = 3764
| mission_duration = 1,726 days (achieved)
{{time interval|February 26, 1969, 07:47:01}} (in orbit)
| spacecraft_bus =
| manufacturer =
| dry_mass =
| launch_mass = {{convert|145|kg|lb}}
| power =
| instruments = Advanced Vidicon Camera System (AVCS), Flat Plate Radiometer (FPR)[https://web.archive.org/web/20110604092823/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/experimentSearch.do?spacecraft=ESSA%209 Experiments on ESSA-9]
| launch_date = {{start date text|February 26, 1969, 07:47:01|timezone=yes}} UTC[https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-016A Launch info]
| launch_rocket = Delta E1
| launch_site = Cape Canaveral LC-17B
| launch_contractor =
| disposal_type = Decommissioned
| deactivated = {{end date text|November 1972}}
| decay_date =
| orbit_epoch = December 7, 2013, 20:28:49 UTC{{cite web|url=http://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=3764|title=ESSA 9 (TOS-G) Satellite details 1969-016A NORAD 3764|work=N2YO|date=December 7, 2013|access-date=December 8, 2013}}
| orbit_reference = Geocentric
| orbit_regime = Low Earth
| orbit_periapsis = {{convert|1432|km|mi|sp=us}}
| orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|1512|km|mi|sp=us}}
| orbit_semimajor = {{convert|7843.18|km|mi|sp=us}}
| orbit_inclination = 101.99 degrees
| orbit_eccentricity = 0.00508
| orbit_mean_motion = 12.49
| orbit_period = 115.21 minutes
| apsis = gee
| programme = TOS
| previous_mission = ESSA-8
| next_mission = TIROS-M
{{small|ITOS}}
}}
ESSA-9, also known as TOS-G, was a meteorological satellite.[http://www.tbs-satellite.com/tse/online/sat_essa_9.html tbs-satellite.com Satellit Fact Sheet: ESSA-9] Its name was derived from that of its oversight agency, the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA). ESSA-9 replaced the ESSA-7 satellite.
Launch and orbit
ESSA-9 was launched on a three-stage Delta rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida. The launch occurred at 07:47 UTC (02:47 EDT) on February 26, 1969. The spacecraft was placed in a Sun-synchronous orbit of 101.4° inclination. Immediately after launch ESSA-9 had a perigee of {{convert|1427.0|km|mi|sp=us}} and an apogee of {{convert|1508.0|km|mi|sp=us}}, giving it an orbital period of 115.2 minutes, or a mean motion of 12.5 orbits per day. ESSA-9 operated for 1,726 days before it was deactivated in November 1972.
Spacecraft
The ESSA-9 spacecraft was similar to the TIROS series of satellites, having an 18-sided polygonal shape that measured {{convert|42|in|cm}} in diameter and {{convert|22|in|cm}} high. It weighed {{convert|320|lb|kg}}. The body of ESSA-9 was made of aluminum alloy and stainless steel. The shell of the craft was covered with 10,020 solar cells.[http://nasascience.nasa.gov/missions/essa NASA Science page] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825172010/http://nasascience.nasa.gov/missions/essa |date=August 25, 2009 }}, ESSA-9 The solar cells recharged the 63 nickel–cadmium batteries during the time the spacecraft was in sunlight. ESSA-9 employed the same cartwheel-style stabilization as the TIROS-9 satellite. The satellite used a magnetic attitude spin coil (MASC) to control its attitude while in orbit. The magnetic field induced by the MASC's current interacted with the Earth's magnetic field to provide the torque necessary to maintain a desired spin rate of 9.225 rpm.[https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-016A Spacecraft details]
Instruments
ESSA-9 carried two sets of two main instruments, the Advanced Vidicon Camera System (AVCS) and the Flat Plate Radiometer (FPR). The AVCS was used to collect imagery of cloud cover on Earth. The cameras had a resolution of {{convert|2|mi|km}} and covered an area of {{convert|2000|sqmi|km2}}. The cameras took single images of a particular region of the Earth's surface once a day. The FPR's were used to measure the global distribution of solar radiation reflected by the Earth and the Earth's atmosphere. They also measured long-wave emissions from the Earth. The sensors used in the ESSA satellites were from the earlier Nimbus program.
Gallery
File:Launch of ESSA 9 Spac0044.jpg|{{center|ESSA-9 is launched aboard a Delta E1 rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on February 26, 1969.}}
File:ESSA-9 satellite photo mosaic.PNG|{{center|Mosaic of ESSA-9 weather photographs of the United States, Passes 1504–1505, 1901-2057 GYT, June 26, 1969.}}
File:Hurricane Agnes.jpg|Part of a ESSA-9 image showing Hurricane Agnes on June 19, 1972 as it approaches Florida.
{{Clear}}
References
{{Portal|Spaceflight}}
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-016A NSSDC ID: 1969-016A]
{{TIROS}}
{{Orbital launches in 1969}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Essa-9}}
Category:Spacecraft launched in 1969