Earth BioGenome Project
{{Short description|Initiative aimed at sequencing the genomes of all named eukaryotic species}}
{{Infobox research project
|name = Earth BioGenome Project
|project_type =
|end = 2028
|start = November 1, 2018
|website = {{url|https://www.earthbiogenome.org/}}
|funding_agency =
}}
The Earth BioGenome Project (EBP) is an initiative that aims to sequence and catalog the genomes of all of Earth's currently described eukaryotic species over a period of ten years.{{cite journal | title = Life on Earth to have its DNA analysed in the name of conservation | volume = 563 | issue = 7730 | pages = 155–156 | date = November 2018 | pmid = 30401859 | doi = 10.1038/d41586-018-07323-y | journal = Nature | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2018Natur.563..155. }} The initiative would produce an open DNA database of biological information that provides a platform for scientific research and supports environmental and conservation initiatives.{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/news/21735546-how-map-dna-all-known-plants-and-animal-species-earth-sequencing |title=Sequencing the world |newspaper=The Economist |date=January 23, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124172756/https://www.economist.com/news/21735546-how-map-dna-all-known-plants-and-animal-species-earth-sequencing |archive-date=January 24, 2018 |access-date=February 3, 2018 }} A scientific paper presenting the vision for the project was published in PNAS in April 2018,{{cite journal | vauthors = Lewin HA, Robinson GE, Kress WJ, Baker WJ, Coddington J, Crandall KA, Durbin R, Edwards SV, Forest F, Gilbert MT, Goldstein MM, Grigoriev IV, Hackett KJ, Haussler D, Jarvis ED, Johnson WE, Patrinos A, Richards S, Castilla-Rubio JC, van Sluys MA, Soltis PS, Xu X, Yang H, Zhang G | display-authors = 6 | title = Earth BioGenome Project: Sequencing life for the future of life | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 115 | issue = 17 | pages = 4325–4333 | date = April 2018 | pmid = 29686065 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1720115115 | pmc = 5924910 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2018PNAS..115.4325L }} and the project officially launched November 1, 2018.{{Cite news|url=https://www.ozy.com/presidential-daily-brief/pdb-90376/the-coders-90386|title=Scientists Launch Effort to Map DNA of Every Species|last=|date=November 2, 2018|work=OZY|access-date=November 2, 2018|department=The Presidential Daily Brief: Intriguing}}
The initiative was inspired by Human Genome Project, and emerged during November 2015 meeting between Harris Lewin (UCD), Gene E. Robinson (IGB) and W. John Kress (Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History).{{cite news |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ambitious-project-sequence-genomes-15-million-species-kicks-180970697/ |title=Ambitious Project to Sequence Genomes of 1.5 Million Species Kicks Off | first = Jason | last = Daley | name-list-style = vanc |work=Smithsonian |date=5 November 2018 |access-date=3 December 2018}} In February 2017, at major conference on genomics and biodiversity organized by the Smithsonian Institution and BGI in Washington, D.C. was supported project's 10-year plan and organizational structure.
Summary
The project is projected to cost US$4.7 billion. It includes already ongoing projects, such as i5K (insects),{{cite journal | author = i5K Consortium | title = The i5K Initiative: advancing arthropod genomics for knowledge, human health, agriculture, and the environment | journal = The Journal of Heredity | volume = 104 | issue = 5 | pages = 595–600 | date = 2013-09-01 | pmid = 23940263 | pmc = 4046820 | doi = 10.1093/jhered/est050 }} B10K (birds), 10KP (plants),{{cite journal | vauthors = Cheng S, Melkonian M, Smith SA, Brockington S, Archibald JM, Delaux PM, Li FW, Melkonian B, Mavrodiev EV, Sun W, Fu Y, Yang H, Soltis DE, Graham SW, Soltis PS, Liu X, Xu X, Wong GK | display-authors = 6 | title = 10KP: A phylodiverse genome sequencing plan | journal = GigaScience | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 1–9 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29618049 | pmc = 5869286 | doi = 10.1093/gigascience/giy013 }}{{Cite journal|last1=Exposito-Alonso|first1=Moises|last2=Drost|first2=Hajk-Georg|last3=Burbano|first3=Hernán|last4=Weigel|first4=Detlef|date=2020-04-01|title=The Earth BioGenome project: Opportunities and Challenges for Plant Genomics and Conservation|journal=The Plant Journal|language=en|volume=102|issue=2|pages=222–229|doi=10.1111/tpj.14631|pmid=31788877|doi-access=free}} and the [https://www.darwintreeoflife.org/ Darwin Tree of Life], which aims to sequence the estimated 66,000 eukaryotic species in the United Kingdom. The project is aiming to sequence and annotate the roughly 1.5 million known eukaryotic species in three phases, with first to create "annotated chromosome-scale reference assemblies for at least one representative species of each of the ~9,000 eukaryotic taxonomic families".
According to PNAS paper, several sequencing centers are supporting the project, including BGI (China), Baylor College of Medicine (USA), Wellcome Sanger Institute (UK), Rockefeller University (US), with an additional center to be established for the project in South America by São Paulo Research Foundation. As for bio-observatories which use genomics, examples which meet the project needs are National Ecological Observatory Network, Chinese Ecological Research Network, ForestGEO, and MarineGEO. To provide insight into the feasibility and technical requirements for "planetary scale" projects such as this, the 10,000 Plant Genome Project has published a pilot "Digitalization of Ruili Botanical Garden" project sampling and sequencing 761 vascular plant specimens growing in a Botanical Garden in South West China.{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu H, Wei J, Yang T, Mu W, Song B, Yang T, Fu Y, Wang X, Hu G, Li W, Zhou H, Chang Y, Chen X, Chen H, Cheng L, He X, Cai H, Cai X, Wang M, Li Y, Sahu SK, Yang J, Wang Y, Mu R, Liu J, Zhao J, Huang Z, Xu X, Liu X | display-authors = 6 | title = Molecular digitization of a botanical garden: high-depth whole genome sequencing of 689 vascular plant species from the Ruili Botanical Garden | journal = GigaScience | date = January 2019 | pmid = 30689836 | doi = 10.1093/gigascience/giz007 | volume=8 | issue = 4 | pmc=6441391}}
See also
- AlphaFold - deep learning protein folding
- BioPerl, BioJava, BioJS, Biopython, BioRuby - libraries and modules that facilitate the development of bioinformatics applications
- {{Annotated link|NVIDIA Parabricks}}
- Computational genomics
- List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes
- Earth Microbiome Project
- 1000 Plant Genomes Project
- 100,000 Genomes Project
- Human Genome Project
- All Species Foundation
- Encyclopedia of Life
- Wellcome Sanger Institute
References
{{reflist|30em}}
External links
- [https://www.earthbiogenome.org/ Earth BioGenome Project Website]
- [http://i5k.github.io/ The Insect 5,000 Genomes (i5k) Project Website]
- [https://b10k.genomics.cn/ The Bird 10,000 Genomes (B10K) Project Website]
- [https://www.darwintreeoflife.org/ The Darwin Tree of Life Website]
- [https://www.erga-biodiversity.eu/ The European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA) Website]