Eastern Mansi
{{More citations needed|date=May 2024}}
{{Short description|Extinct Uralic language spoken in Russia}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Eastern Mansi
| nativename = {{lang|mns|маньсь лынгх}}
{{lang|mns|маньсь нялм}}Dictionary of {{ill|Yukonda|ru|Юконда}} dialect of Mansi, Lingvodoc 3.0 [https://lingvodoc.ispras.ru/dictionary/657/3/perspective/657/4/view?page=2]{{failed verification|date=September 2024|reason=source says ńiĺəm (TJ P), ńiləm (KU), ńēləm (So.), phonetic: n’elm’}}
{{lang|mns|маньсь не̄лм ляӈх / лях}}
{{lang|mns|ма̊̄ньщха̊р не̄лм ляӈх}}
{{sfn|E. A. Kuzakova|1994}}
| pronunciation = {{IPA|[mɒnʲsʲ lʲɘŋx]}}, {{IPA|[mɒnʲsʲ nʲæləm]||audio=Eastern_Mansi-Yukonda_dialect-mansi_language-маньсь_нялм.mp3}}
| states = Russia
| region = Khanty–Mansi
| extinct = 2018, with the death of Maksim Šivtorov
| familycolor = Uralic
| fam2 = Finno-Ugric?
| fam3 = Ugric?
| fam4 = Ob-Ugric?
| fam5 = Mansi
| fam6 = Core
| fam7 = Central
| dia1 = Konda (Middle/Lower/Upper)
| dia2 = Yukonda
| isoexception = dialect
| glotto = east2879
| glottorefname = Mansic
| notice = IPA
| map = 6.2-East-Mansi.png
| mapcaption = Traditional distribution and current Mansi settlements{{Cite journal |last1=Rantanen |first1=Timo |last2=Tolvanen |first2=Harri |last3=Roose |first3=Meeli |last4=Ylikoski |first4=Jussi |last5=Vesakoski |first5=Outi |date=2022-06-08 |title=Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=17 |issue=6 |pages=e0269648 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0269648|doi-access=free |pmid=35675367 |pmc=9176854 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1769648R }}Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). Geographical database of the Uralic languages (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
| map2 = Lang Status 01-EX.svg
| mapcaption2 = {{center|{{small|Eastern Mansi is classified as Extinct according to The Uralic Languages (2023)}}}}
}}
Eastern or Konda Mansi is an extinct member of the Mansi languages, and was spoken in Russia in the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug around the river Konda. It became extinct in 2018, when its last speaker Maksim Shivtorov (Максим Семенович Шивторов) died.{{Cite book |last=Salminen | first=Tapani | chapter=Demography, endangerment, and revitalization | title=The Uralic languages |date=2023 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-138-65084-8 |editor-last=Abondolo |editor-first=Daniel Mario |edition=2nd |series=Routledge Language Family |location=London New York |editor-last2=Valijärvi |editor-first2=Riitta-Liisa|page=102}} It has Khanty and Siberian Tatar influence. There is vowel harmony, and for {{IPA|*/æː/}} it has {{IPAblink|œː}}, frequently diphthongized.
In Russian linguistics, the Konda dialect used to be called the "southern Mansi (Kondinsky) dialect" ({{langx|ru|южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект}}Кузакова Е.А. Южно-мансийский (кондинский) диалект.: автореф. на соискат уч. степ. канд. филол. н. Л., 1963. (in Russian)) or "eastern Mansi dialect group" ({{langx|ru|восточная группа диалектов}}).{{sfn|Ромбандеева|1976}}
Dialects
- Lower Konda Mansi
- Middle Konda Mansi
- Upper Konda Mansi
- Jukonda Mansi
Phonology
=Consonants=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Eastern Mansi consonantsOb-Ugric database of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany; Phonology of Eastern Mansi [http://www.babel.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/index.php?abfrage=EM_PH&head1=Eastern%20Mansi&head2=Phonology%20&%20Transliteration] |
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" | Labial ! rowspan="2" | Alveolar ! rowspan="2" | (Alveolo-) ! colspan="2" | Velar |
|---|
| {{small|plain}}
! {{small|labialized}} |
| colspan="2" | Nasals
| {{IPAslink|m}} | {{IPAslink|n}} | {{IPAslink|nʲ}} | {{IPAslink|ŋ}}1 | |
| colspan="2" | Stops
| {{IPAslink|p}} | {{IPAslink|t}} | {{IPAslink|tʲ}} | {{IPAslink|k}} | {{IPAslink|kʷ}} |
| colspan="2" | Affricate
| | | rowspan="2" | {{IPAslink|sʲ}} | | |
| rowspan="2" | Fricatives
| | {{IPAslink|s}} | {{IPAslink|x}}2 | {{IPAslink|xʷ}}2 |
| voiced
| | | |{{IPAslink|ɣ}}1 | |
| colspan="2" | Semivowels
| | | {{IPAslink|j}} | | {{IPAslink|w}} |
| colspan="2" | Laterals
| | {{IPAslink|l}} | {{IPAslink|lʲ}} | | |
| colspan="2" | Trill
| | {{IPAslink|r}} | | | |
Some remarks:
- Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear at the beginning of words.
- In Middle Konda it does not appear in the beginning of words, but in Lower Konda it does.
- /ŋ/ is also spelled with just н if it comes before к or х. This rule does not include suffixes; like in мынгым /mənɣəm/
=Vowels=
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" | Front ! rowspan="2" | Central ! rowspan="2" |Back |
| {{Small|unrounded}}
! {{Small|rounded}} |
|---|
| Close
| {{IPAlink|i}} K 1 | {{IPAlink|y}}, {{IPAlink|yː}} K 3 | | {{IPAlink|u}}, {{IPAlink|uː}} K 3 |
| Close-mid
| | | {{IPAlink|ɘ}}, {{IPAlink|ɘː}} KM | {{IPAlink|o}}, {{IPAlink|oː}} K 3 |
| Mid
| {{IPAlink|e}} ~ {{IPAlink|i}} | {{IPA link|ø}} K | ({{IPAlink|ə}}) K | |
| Near-open
| {{IPAlink|æ}}, {{IPAlink|æː}} K | | | |
| Open
| {{IPAlink|a}}, {{IPAlink|aː}} K 4 | | | {{IPAlink|ɒ}} ~ {{IPAlink|ɑ}} K |
(KM=Present in Middle Konda | KU=Present in Lower Konda | K=Present in both)
Some remarks:
- Only present in palatal environments.
- It has the allophone /iː/.
- Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do these appear in non-initial syllable positions.
- Neither in Middle nor Lower Konda do /aː/ appear in first syllable positions.
==Diphthongs==
In Middle Konda, the diphthongs are /øæ/ or /øæ̯/ and /oɒ/ found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.
In Lower Konda, the /æø/ diphthong is usually realized as [œ] which is only found in first syllable positions, while /øæ/ is found in both first and non-initial syllable positions.
Alphabet
{{main|Mansi alphabets}}
In the few instances that Eastern Mansi literature was printed and was from the native areas, it used an unchanged Russian-Cyrillic script like this:
The highlighted letters are found in loanwords, except нг which represents a single nasal consonantКузакова, Евдокия Александровна, [https://ouipiir.ru/sites/default/files/kuzakova_ea_sost_mansiiskorusskii_slovar_kondinskii_dialekt%20%281%29.pdf Мансийско-русский словарь. Кондинский диалект мансийского языка] [Kuzakova, Evdokiya Aleksandrovna, Mansi-Russian dictionary (Kondinsky dialect of the Mansi language)], Based on the story by P. K. Cheymetov “Ворыяп хумый” (“Two Hunters”) page 36 and г is substituted with the letter й in some dialects.{{cn|date=March 2024}}
| class=standard cellpadding=5 style="font-family:Ysabeau Infant; font-size:1.5em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style=«width:3em;» |А а | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Б б | style=«width:3em;» |В в | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Г г | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Д д | style=«width:3em;» |Е е | style=«width:3em;» |Ё ё |
| style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Ж ж
| style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |З з | style=«width:3em;» |И и | style=«width:3em;» |Й й | style=«width:3em;» |К к | style=«width:3em;» |Л л | style=«width:3em;» |М м |
| style=«width:3em;» |Н н
| style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Нг нг | style=«width:3em;» |О о | style=«width:3em;» |П п | style=«width:3em;» |Р р | style=«width:3em;» |С с | style=«width:3em;» |Т т |
| style=«width:3em;» |У у
| style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Ф ф | style=«width:3em;» |Х х | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Ц ц | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Ч ч | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Ш ш | style=«width:3em;» |Щ щ |
| style=«width:3em;» |Ъ ъ
| style=«width:3em;» |Ы ы | style=«width:3em;» |Ь ь | style=«width:3em;» |Э э | style=«width:3em;» |Ю ю | style=«width:3em;» |Я я |
The Yukonda dialect had a specialized alphabet, found in E. A. Kuzakova's book: {{sfn|E. A. Kuzakova|1994}}
| class=standard cellpadding=5 style="font-family:Ysabeau Infant; font-size:1.5em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF"
| style=«width:3em;» |А а | style=«width:3em;» |А̄ а̄ | style=«width:3em;» |Ӓ ӓ | style=«width:3em;» |Ӓ̄ ӓ̄ | style=«width:3em;» |А̊ а̊ | style=«width:3em;» |А̊̄ а̊̄ | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Б б | style=«width:3em;» |В в | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Г г | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Д д |
| style=«width:3em;» |Е е
| style=«width:3em;» |Е̄ е̄ | style=«width:3em;» |Ё ё | style=«width:3em;» |Ё̄ ё̄ | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Ж ж | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |З з | style=«width:3em;» |И и | style=«width:3em;» |Ӣ ӣ | style=«width:3em;» |Й й | style=«width:3em;» |К к |
| style=«width:3em;» |Л л
| style=«width:3em;» |Л̆ л̆ | style=«width:3em;» |М м | style=«width:3em;» |Н н | style=«width:3em;» |Ӈ ӈ | style=«width:3em;» |О о | style=«width:3em;» |О̄ о̄ | style=«width:3em;» |Ӧ ӧ | style=«width:3em;» |П п | style=«width:3em;» |Р р |
| style=«width:3em;» |С с
| style=«width:3em;» |Т т | style=«width:3em;» |У у | style=«width:3em;» |Ӯ ӯ | style=«width:3em;» |Ӱ ӱ | style=«width:3em;» |У̊ у̊ | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Ф ф | style=«width:3em;» |Х х | style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Ц ц | style=«width:3em;» |Ч ч |
| style=«width:3em bgcolor="#EDEDFF";» |Ш ш
| style=«width:3em;» |Щ щ | style=«width:3em;» |ъ | style=«width:3em;» |ы | style=«width:3em;» |ь | style=«width:3em;» |Э э | style=«width:3em;» |Э̄ э̄ | style=«width:3em;» |Ю ю | style=«width:3em;» |Ю̄ ю̄ | style=«width:3em;» |Я я |
| style=«width:3em;» |Я̄ я̄ |
| style=«width:3em;» |(Ю̈ ю̈
| style=«width:3em;» |Ю̈̄ ю̈̄ | style=«width:3em;» |Ю̊ ю̊ | style=«width:3em;» |Я̈ я̈ | style=«width:3em;» |Я̈̄ я̈̄ | style=«width:3em;» |Я̊ я̊ | style=«width:3em;» |Я̊̄ я̊̄) |
Notes
References
Sources
- {{cite book |last1=Ромбандеева |first1=Е. И. |title=Основы финно-угорского языкознания. Марийский, пермский и угорские языки |date=1976 | chapter-url=https://babylonians.narod.ru/reading/mansi.html |publisher=Наука |location=Москва |pages=229–239 |language=ru |chapter=Мансийский язык}}
- {{Cite book |last=Forsberg |first=Ulla-Maija |url=https://www.babel.gwi.uni-muenchen.de/media/downloads/grammar/EasternMansi/EasternMansiGrammar.pdf |title=Eastern Mansi (Konda) grammar |publisher=Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne |year=2007}}
- {{cite-book|year=1994|title=Словарь манси (восточный диалект)|trans-title=Mansi dictionary (eastern dialect)|author=E. A. Kuzakova|publisher=Российская академия наук, Ин-т этнологии и антропологии им. Миклухо-Маклая|location=Moskwa}}
Further reading
- Баландин А.Н., Вахрушева М.П. Мансийско-русский словарь с лексическими параллелями из южно-мансийского (кондинского) диалекта. Л., 1958. (in Russian)
- Gavriil Popov (translator), [https://search.worldcat.org/title/1085382182 Das Evangelium Matthäi in den Dialect der kondischen Wogulen im Gouvernement Tobolsk], Strangeways et Walden, London, 1868
- :Translation of the Gospel of Matthew into the Konda Mansi dialect
Category:Extinct languages of Asia
Category:Indigenous languages of Siberia
{{Uralic languages}}