Eberhard Zangger

{{Short description|German-Swiss archaeologist}}

File:Eberhard Zangger, 2018 (cropped).jpg, in 2018.]]

Eberhard Zangger (born 1958 in Kamen, West Germany) is a German-Swiss geologist, archaeologist, and anthropologist known for integrating natural and social science methodologies to investigate protohistoric cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean. He is the founder and president of Luwian Studies, an international non-profit foundation established in 2014 to promote research into the Bronze Age cultures of Western Anatolia.

Early life and education

From 1974 to 1976, Eberhard Zangger began his career with two years of training as a technical assistant at the Senckenberg Natural History Museum in Frankfurt am Main, followed by another two years as a geological preparator at the Preparator School in Bochum (1976–1978). He then spent two years at the German Mining Museum in Bochum, contributing to research on the effects of air pollution on art and cultural monuments.

Zangger studied geology and paleontology at Kiel University and was awarded a National, Overseas, and Doctoral Scholarship from the German Academic Scholarship Foundation. In 1988, He completed his doctorate at Stanford University with a dissertation titled “Landscape Evolution of the Argive Plain (Greece): Paleoecology, Holocene Depositional History, and Coastal Change.”{{Cite thesis |last=Finke |first=Eberhard A. W. |title=Landscape evolution of the Argive plain, Greece: paleoecology, holocene depositional history, and coastline changes |date=1988 |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/1315597}}

Following his Ph.D., from 1988 to 1991, Zangger worked as a Senior Research Associate on the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, focusing on global environmental change.{{cite web |last1=van Andel |first1=T. H. |last2=Runnels |first2=J. |last3=pope |first3=K. O. |year=1990 |title=Land Use and Soil Erosion in Ancient Greece |url=http://www.esf.edu/cue/documents/vanAndel-etal_LandUse-HistoricGreece_1990.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529055219/http://www.esf.edu/cue/documents/vanAndel-etal_LandUse-HistoricGreece_1990.pdf |archive-date=May 29, 2013 |access-date=January 4, 2025 |website=esf.edu}} Later, from 2020 to 2024, he pursued further studies at Harvard University, earning a Master of Liberal Arts (ALM) in Extension Studies, field of Anthropology and Archaeology.{{cite web |title=Eberhard Zangger ALM, Anthropology and Archaeology '24 |date=16 July 2024 |url=https://careerservices.fas.harvard.edu/people/eberhard-zangger-alm-anthropology-and-archaeology-24/ |publisher=Harvard University |access-date=20 January 2025}}

Geoarchaeology

Eberhard Zangger’s research focuses on the dynamic interactions between human culture and its natural environment. Since 1982, he was actively involved in the field of geoarchaeology, contributing to numerous discoveries and research projects, including:

  • The reconstruction of the prehistoric coastline of Dimini in Neolithic Central Greece.{{Cite journal |last=Zangger |first=Eberhard |date=1991 |title=Prehistoric Coastal Environments in Greece: The Vanished Landscapes of Dimini Bay and Lake Lerna |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.2307/530147 |jstor=530147 }}{{primary source inline|date=January 2025}}
  • The extension of the Lernaean Lake in the Argive Plain.{{cite journal |last1=Vignola |first1=Cristiano |last2=Hättestrand |first2=Martina |last3=Bonnier |first3=Anton |last4=Finné |first4=Martin |last5=Izdebski |first5=Adam |last6=Katrantsiotis |first6=Christos |last7=Kouli |first7=Katerina |last8=Liakopoulos |first8=Georgios C. |last9=Norström |first9=Elin |last10=Papadaki |first10=Maria |last11=Strandberg |first11=Nichola A. |last12=Weiberg |first12=Erika |last13=Masi |first13=Alessia |title=Mid-late Holocene vegetation history of the Argive Plain (Peloponnese, Greece) as inferred from a pollen record from ancient Lake Lerna |journal=PLOS ONE |date=15 July 2022 |volume=17 |issue=7 |pages=e0271548 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0271548 |doi-access=free |pmid=35839243 |pmc=9286281 |bibcode=2022PLoSO..1771548V }}
  • The dating and function of a Mycenaean river diversions at Tiryns.{{cite journal |last1=Zangger |first1=Eberhard |title=Landscape Changes around Tiryns during the Bronze Age |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |date=1994 |volume=98 |issue=2 |pages=189–212 |doi=10.2307/506635 |jstor=506635 }}{{primary source inline|date=January 2025}}
  • The expansion of the lower city of Tiryns and the insular character of Asine.{{cite journal |last1=Zangger |first1=Eberhard |title=The Island of Asine: A Palaeogeographic Reconstruction |journal=Opuscula Atheniensia |date=1994 |volume=XX |issue=15 |pages=221–239}}
  • The artificial harbor at the Palace of Nestor in Pylos, featuring an innovative clean-water flushing mechanism.{{Cite journal |last1=Zangger |first1=Eberhard |last2=Timpson |first2=Michael E. |last3=Yazvenko |first3=Sergei B. |last4=Kuhnke |first4=Falko |last5=Knauss |first5=Jost |date=October 1997 |title=The Pylos Regional Archaeological Project: Part II: Landscape Evolution and Site Preservation |url=https://www.academia.edu/23835278 |url-access=registration |journal=Hesperia |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=549 |jstor=148467 }}{{primary source inline|date=January 2025}}
  • The construction of a human made dam and reservoir at Minoan Monastiraki in central Crete.

Zangger’s research has demonstrated that nearly all Mycenaean citadels feature advanced hydraulic infrastructure, such as dams, reservoirs, river diversions, and artificial harbors.Zangger, Eberhard. 2008. “The Port of Nestor.” In: From Homer’s Sandy Pylos to the Battle of Navarino: An Archaeological Survey, edited by Jack L. Davis. Austin: Texas University Press. Contrary to prevailing theories, Zangger argues that natural disasters are often overemphasized as catalysts for cultural upheaval. For instance, he has provided evidence that the 17th-century BC eruption of the Santorini volcano did not cause a caldera collapse and, consequently, could not have triggered a tsunami.Zangger, Eberhard. 1998. “Naturkatastrophen in der Ägäischen Bronzezeit. Forschungsgeschichte, Signifikanz und Beurteilungskriterien.” In Stuttgarter Kolloquium Zur Historischen Geographie des Altertums 6, 1996 “Naturkatastrophen in Der Antiken Welt,” edited by Eckart Olshausen and Holger Sonnabend, 10:211‒241. Geographica Historica. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.

Zangger advocates for greater integration of natural sciences into archaeological research and emphasizes the importance of studying urban planning{{cite journal |last1=Zangger |first1=Eberhard |last2=Leiermann |first2=Horst |last3=Noack |first3=Wolfgang |last4=Kuhnke |first4=Falko |editor1-last=Kardulias |editor1-first=P. Nick |editor2-last=Shutes |editor2-first=Mark T. |title=A 21st Century Approach to the Reconnaissance and Reconstruction of Archaeological Landscapes |journal=Aegean Strategies: Studies of Culture and Environment on the European Fringe |date=1997 |pages=9–32 |series=Greek Studies: Interdisciplinary Approaches |publisher=Rowman and Littlefield |location=Savage, Maryland}} and hydraulic engineering to deepen our understanding of ancient societies.

= The Luwian Culture =

Eberhard Zangger’s research focuses on explaining the collapse of civilizations in the eastern Mediterranean around 1200 BC, attributing it to the influence of small states in western Anatolia, such as Arzawa, Mira, Wilusa, Lukka, and the Seha River Land, referenced in Hittite sources. He coined the term “Luwian culture” to describe this region, situated between the Mycenaean kingdoms of Greece and the Hittite kingdom in central Anatolia.Zangger, Eberhard. 2016. The Luwian Civilization – The Missing Link in the Aegean Bronze Age. Istanbul: Ege Yayınları.

Since 1992, Zangger argued that the small states of western Anatolia were at least as economically powerful as the Mycenaean kingdoms during the Late Bronze Age.Zangger, Eberhard. 1994. Ein neuer Kampf um Troia – Archäologie in der Krise. München: Droemer Verlag. He further contends that these predominantly Luwian-speaking and writing states could pose a significant challenge to Hittite dominance in Asia Minor, potentially through a temporary military coalition.

In April 2014, Zangger founded the international non-profit foundation Luwian Studies, which, according to the commercial register of the Canton of Zurich, is dedicated to “researching and disseminating knowledge about the second millennium BC in western Asia Minor.”{{Cite web |date=2014-09-08 |title=Commercial register of canton Zurich |url=http://zh.powernet.ch/webservices/inet/HRG/HRG.asmx/getHRGHTML?chnr=0207001940&amt=020&toBeModified=0&validOnly=0&lang=4&sort=0 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=zh.powernet.ch |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140908151337/http://zh.powernet.ch/webservices/inet/HRG/HRG.asmx/getHRGHTML?chnr=0207001940&amt=020&toBeModified=0&validOnly=0&lang=4&sort=0 |archive-date=2014-09-08}} The foundation’s board includes Ivo Hajnal, Jorrit Kelder, Jörg Mull, Matthias Oertle, and Jeffrey Spier.

In May 2016, the foundation launched a trilingual website (German, English, and Turkish), serving as a platform for public and scholarly engagement.{{Cite web |title=Luwian Studies |url=https://luwianstudies.org/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Luwian Studies |language=en-US}} Simultaneously, Zangger published The Luwian Civilization: The Missing Link in the Aegean Bronze Age, which introduced the region’s cultural and economic contributions to a broader audience.

In 2022, the foundation released a comprehensive volume of proceedings of sessions conducted during the annual conference of the European Association of Archaeologists in 2019.Hajnal, Ivo, Eberhard Zangger, and Jorrit M. Kelder, eds. 2022. The Political Geography of Western Anatolia in the Late Bronze Age. Archaeolingua Series Minor. Budapest: Archaeolingua.

In November 2024, Luwian Studies unveiled an innovative database management system on its website, documenting 483 known sites associated with the Luwian culture.{{Cite web |title=Sites |url=https://luwianstudies.org/umina-atlas/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Luwian Studies |language=en-US}} This tool enables detailed scientific analysis of the settlements and underscores the region’s central importance in Bronze Age research.Zangger, Eberhard, Alper Aşınmaz, and Serdal Mutlu. 2022. “Middle and Late Bronze Age Western Asia Minor: A Status Report.” In The Political Geography of Western Anatolia in the Late Bronze Age, edited by Ivo Hajnal, Eberhard Zangger, and Jorrit M. Kelder, 45:39–180. Archaeolingua Series Minor. Budapest: Archaeolingua.

= Troy and Atlantis =

In 1992, Eberhard Zangger proposed that Plato’s account of Atlantis may be based on an Egyptian interpretation of the Trojan War. His argument draws on numerous parallels between the Mycenaean civilization and Plato’s descriptions of the civilization that waged war on Atlantis. Zangger compared the memory of the Trojan War to the conflict between Greece and Atlantis, identifying relics of artificial harbors and water management systems in the modern floodplain.Zangger, Eberhard. 1992. The Flood from Heaven – Deciphering the Atlantis Legend. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.

In a 1993 article published in the Oxford Journal of Archaeology, Zangger presented an extensive list of similarities between Plato’s depiction of Atlantis and ancient accounts of Troy, offering new insights into the historical relevance of the Atlantis narrative.Zangger, Eberhard. 1993. “Plato’s Atlantis Account: A Distorted Recollection of the Trojan War.” Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18 (1): 77‒87.

Frost, Kingdon Tregosse. 1913. “The Critias and Minoan Crete.” The Journal of Hellenic Studies 33:189‒206.

Zangger’s model initially garnered interest among prehistorians,Renfrew, Colin. 1992. “Mere Platonic Invention?” Nature 356:642. particularly those focusing on the archaeological landscape, as it provided explanations for enigmatic findings without introducing speculative elements. However, his historicizing interpretation of Plato’s text was largely dismissed by classical philologists.Bloedow, Edmund F. 1993. “Fire and Flood from Heaven: Was Atlantis at Troy?” La Parola Del Passato 269:109‒160. Nevertheless, the authors described Zangger’s thesis as «highly ingenious» (page 160). Despite this criticism, Zangger’s work aligns with that of the Greek scholar Marcelle Laplace, who also recognized parallels between the wars involving Atlantis and Troy, describing them as self-evident.Laplace, Marcelle. 1984. “Le ‘Critias’ de Platon, Ou l’ellipse d’une Épopée.” Hermes 112 (3): 377–382.

In 1998, Zangger proposed an aerial geophysical survey of the Trojan plain in collaboration with the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources in Hannover, Germany, to identify settlement layers and artificial harbor basins. However, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Türkiye denied permission for the project. In 2017, Zangger published a book on the pioneers of prehistoric archaeology in Anatolia, detailing how the interventions of Manfred Korfmann, the then-excavator of Troy, obstructed the proposed survey.Zangger, Eberhard. 2017. Die Luwier und der Trojanische Krieg – Eine Entdeckungsgeschichte. Zürich: Orell Füssli (page 282). In the fall of 1999, Zangger became a business consultant specializing in corporate communications and public relations.Gabriela Bonin: [http://www.gabrielabonin.com/interviews/geoarchaeologie-provokateur-eberhard-zangger „Geoarchäologie: Provokateur Eberhard Zangger“] (in German), Merian, Kreta, October 2000 In 2002, he founded a content creation agency in Zurich which is today called science communications GmbH.{{Cite web |title=science communications {{!}} Content Creation and PR |url=https://science-communications.ch/en/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=science communications GmbH |language=en-US}}

= Odyssey =

In his book The Flood from Heaven (1992), Zangger offered a novel interpretation of Homer's Odyssey by exploring its connections to the Late Bronze Age and the collapse of Mycenaean civilization. Zangger argued that Odysseus' journey reflects not only mythic wanderings but also a metaphorical flashback to the zenith of Troy before its destruction. Since the 17th century, scholars have recognized that Homer's description of Scheria, the land of the Phaeacians, bears striking parallels to Plato's Atlantis. According to Zangger, Odysseus must stop at Scheria to experience the splendor (of Troy) that he destroyed with his cunning ways of entering the city. The analysis emphasized the futility of war as echoed in Odysseus' reflections on the Trojan conflict and the societal collapse that followed. Zangger proposed that the narrative encapsulates a critique of aristocratic anarchy and the broader societal chaos of late Helladic IIIC Greece (c. 1170 BC).Reemtsma, Jan Philipp. 2003. Warum Hagen Jung-Ortlieb erschlug. Unzeitgemäßes über Krieg und Tod. München: Beck. File:Eberhard Zangger at the Palace of Nestor.jpg, Greece, in 1998]]

= Sea Peoples =

Eberhard Zangger proposed a hypothesis about the role of the Sea Peoples in the collapse of Bronze Age civilizations around 1200 BC, challenging traditional explanations.Zangger, Eberhard. 1994. Ein neuer Kampf um Troia – Archäologie in der Krise. München: Droemer Verlag. While some theories attribute the upheaval to natural disasters such as earthquakes or climate change, Zangger argues that a military conflict involving Luwian petty states in Western Asia Minor and the Hittite kingdom was the primary catalyst. According to Zangger, this conflict began with Luwian states, including Arzawa and Troy, uniting to liberate Cyprus from Hittite control using a naval fleet.Zangger, Eberhard. 1995. “Who were the Sea People?” Aramco World, no. May/June, 21‒31.

In a review of Zangger’s books The Flood from Heaven and Ein neuer Kampf um Troia in the Journal of Field Archaeology, U.S. prehistorian Daniel Pullen of Florida State University praised Zangger’s approach, noting that he “applies the rigors of scientific methodology to explaining the end of the Bronze Age in the eastern Mediterranean.”{{cite journal |last1=Pullen |first1=Daniel |title=Review of The Flood from Heaven: Deciphering the Atlantis Legend; Ein neuer Kampf um Troia: Archäologie in der Krise, Eberhard Zangger |journal=Journal of Field Archaeology |date=1994 |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=522–525 |doi=10.2307/530109 |jstor=530109 }}

The Estate of James Mellaart

In June 2017, Zangger received unpublished documents from the estate of the British prehistorian James Mellaart.{{Cite journal|last=Thadeusz|first=Frank|date=2017-10-07|title=Die Rache des Sonnyboys|url=https://luwianstudies.org/app/uploads/2017/10/Spiegel-Die-Rache-des-Sonnyboys.pdf|journal=Der Spiegel|language=de|pages=130–132}} The material, which Mellaart had identified as particularly important, consisted of two main sets of documents.Zangger, Eberhard. 2018. “James Mellaart’s Fantasies.” Talanta – Proceedings of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society 50:125–182. The first was a drawing by Mellaart of a Luwian hieroglyphic inscription, believed to date from around 1180 BC. The original inscription was found in 1878 on limestone slabs at the village Beyköy, 34 kilometers north of Afyonkarahisar in western Turkey. Mellaart’s notes also referred to bronze tablets, which were also found at Beyköy at the same time. These were inscribed with Hittite texts in Akkadian cuneiform (the so-called “Beyköy Text”). These texts purportedly detailed political events during much of the Bronze Age from the perspective of rulers in Western Asia Minor. However, Mellaart’s estate contained only typewritten English translations of the claimed cuneiform tablets, with no original evidence of the inscriptions.

In December 2017, Zangger and the Dutch linguist Fred Woudhuizen published the drawings of the Luwian hieroglyphic inscriptions in the Dutch archaeological journal Talanta, dubbing them HL Beyköy 2.{{Cite journal|last1=Zangger|first1=Eberhard|last2=Woudhuizen|first2=Fred|date=2017|title=Rediscovered Luwian Hieroglyphic Inscriptions from Western Asia Minor|url=http://www.talanta.nl/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/TAL-50-Zangger-Woudhuizen-7-XII-17.pdf|journal=Talanta. Proceedings of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society|volume=50|pages=9–56 }}{{primary source inline|date=January 2025}} In early 2018, Zangger gained access to Mellaart’s former study in his North London apartment to investigate the authenticity of the materials.{{Cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/61989-famed-archaeologist-created-fakes.html|title=Famed Archaeologist 'Discovered' His Own Fakes at 9,000-Year-Old Settlement|last=Jarus|first=Owen|date=2018-03-12|website=Live Science|access-date=2019-05-06}} Together with Mellaart’s son Alan, Zangger conducted a thorough examination of the estate. The investigation revealed that Mellaart had completely invented the type-written “translations” of allegedly cuneiform texts.{{Cite web |last=Zangger |first=Eberhard |title=Popular Archeology - James Mellaart: Pioneer…..and Forger |url=https://popular-archaeology.com/article/james-mellaart-pioneer-and-forger/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Popular Archeology |language=en-US}}{{primary source inline|date=January 2025}} As a result, Zangger publicly distanced himself from Mellaart and accused him of forging documents.Jarus, Owen (2018-03-12). “Famed Archaeologist 'Discovered' His Own Fakes at 9,000-Year-Old Settlement.” Live Science. Retrieved 2019-05-06.

Fred Woudhuizen, who co-edited the Luwian hieroglyphic inscription HL Beyköy 2 with Zangger, maintained that this particular portion of the material was nevertheless authentic and not forged by Mellaart.Woudhuizen, Frederik Christiaan, and Eberhard Zangger. 2018. “Arguments in Favour of the Authenticity of the Luwian Hieroglyphic Texts from the Mellaart Files.” Talanta – Proceedings of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society 50:183–212. The scholarly community remains divided over the legitimacy of the findings associated with Mellaart’s estate.

Archaeoastronomy

In June 2019, Eberhard Zangger, in collaboration with archaeologist and astronomer Rita Gautschy of the University of Basel, published a groundbreaking interpretation of the Hittite rock sanctuary of Yazılıkaya at Ḫattuša.{{Cite journal |last1=Zangger |first1=Eberhard |last2=Gautschy |first2=Rita |date=2019-04-05 |title=Celestial Aspects of Hittite Religion: An Investigation of the Rock Sanctuary Yazılıkaya |journal=Journal of Skyscape Archaeology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=5–38 |doi=10.1558/jsa.37641 |doi-access=free }}{{primary source inline|date=January 2025}} They proposed that the sequence of rock reliefs in Chamber A functioned as a lunisolar calendar, marking celestial events and timekeeping.Barras, Colin (2019-06-19). «Yazılıkaya: A 3000-year-old Hittite mystery may finally be solved.» New Scientist. Retrieved 2019-07-15.

In a follow-up article in 2021, Zangger and Gautschy, joined by astronomer E. C. Krupp and ancient historian Serkan Demirel, expanded on this hypothesis.{{Cite journal |last1=Zangger |first1=Eberhard |last2=Krupp |first2=E. C. |last3=Demirel |first3=Serkan |last4=Gautschy |first4=Rita |date=2021-09-21 |title=Celestial Aspects of Hittite Religion, Part 2: Cosmic Symbolism at Yazilikaya |journal=Journal of Skyscape Archaeology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=57–94 |doi=10.1558/jsa.17829 |doi-access=free }}{{primary source inline|date=January 2025}} They interpreted Yazılıkaya as a symbolic representation of the cosmos, encompassing four static horizons: the underworld, the earth, the sky, and the circumpolar region of the heavens. According to their analysis, the sanctuary merged display of astronomical understanding with religious practice.Zangger, Eberhard, and E. C. Krupp. 2021. “The Symbolic Representation of the Cosmos in the Hittite Rock Sanctuary of Yazılıkaya.” ANES Newsletter. 2021.

Social activities

In his 1997 novel Troja, German author Gisbert Haefs included a character named “Tsanghar,” a literary reference to Zangger. The novel was inspired by the Troy-Atlantis theory.

Zangger became the first German member of literary agent John Brockman’s Edge.org circle of leading thinkers.{{Cite web |title=Eberhard Zangger {{!}} Edge.org |url=https://www.edge.org/memberbio/eberhard_zangger |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.edge.org |language=en}}

Since 2005, Zangger gives invited lectures at the Winterseminar on Biophysical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cybernetics of Cell Functions in Klosters, an event founded in 1966 by Nobel laureate Manfred Eigen.{{Cite web |date=2025-01-12 |title=Lecture at Prestigious Winterseminar in Klosters |url=https://luwianstudies.org/lecture-at-prestigious-winterseminar-in-klosters/ |access-date=2025-01-22 |website=Luwian Studies |language=en-US}}

Over a period of thirty years, the German magazine Der Spiegel featured Zangger's work in ten substantial articles, including a cover story (53/1998).{{Cite news |last=Schulz |first=Matthias |date=1998-12-27 |title=Das Puzzle des Philosophen |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/das-puzzle-des-philosophen-a-da2d69d0-0002-0001-0000-000008456675 |access-date=2025-01-06 |work=Der Spiegel |language=de |issn=2195-1349}}{{Cite news |last=Thadeusz |first=Frank |date=2017-10-06 |title=(S+) Die Rache des Sonnyboys |url=https://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/die-rache-des-sonnyboys-a-5500a129-0002-0001-0000-000153650517 |access-date=2025-01-06 |work=Der Spiegel |language=de |issn=2195-1349}}

Eberhard Zangger received scholarships from the German Academic Scholarship Foundation{{Cite web |title=Zangger, Eberhard 1958- {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/zangger-eberhard-1958 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}} and academic distinctions such as the Dean’s Prize for Outstanding ALM Thesis{{Cite web |date=2024-05-24 |title=Master's Degree and Two Awards from Harvard University for Eberhard Zangger |url=https://luwianstudies.org/masters-degree-and-two-awards-from-harvard-university-for-eberhard-zangger/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Luwian Studies |language=en-US}} and the ALM Dean’s List for Academic Achievement at Harvard University.{{Cite web |title=Commencement Program |url=https://extension.harvard.edu/commencement/program/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=Harvard Extension School |language=en-us}}

Books

  • The Landscape Evolution of the Argive Plain (Greece). Paleo-Ecology, Holocene Depositional History and Coastline Changes. PhD dissertation at Stanford University, University Microfilm International, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1988
  • Geoarchaeology of the Argolid. Argolid, volume 2. Edited by the German Archaeological Institute. Gebrüder Mann Verlag, 149 pages, 1993 ISBN 3-7861-1700-4
  • The Flood from Heaven – Deciphering the Atlantis Legend. Sidgwick & Jackson, London; 256 pages 1992 ISBN 0-283-06084 0
  • Ein neuer Kampf um Troia – Archäologie in der Krise. Droemer Verlag. Munich, 352 pages 1994 ISBN 3-426-26682-2
  • The Future of the Past: Archaeology in the 21st Century. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2001 ISBN 0-297-64389-4
  • The Luwian Civilization – The Missing Link in the Aegean Bronze Age. Ege Yayınları, Istanbul, 2016 ISBN 978-6059680-11-0
  • Die Luwier und der Trojanische Krieg – Eine Entdeckungsgeschichte. Orell Füssli, Zurich, 2017  ISBN 978-3-280-05647-9.
  • Woudhuizen, Frederik C., Eberhard Zangger: Early Mediterranean Scripts. Ege Yayınları, Istanbul, 2021 ISBN 978-605-7673-93-0.
  • Hajnal, Ivo, Eberhard Zangger, and Jorrit M. Kelder, eds. The Political Geography of Western Anatolia in the Late Bronze Age. Proceedings of the EAA Conference Bern, 7 September 2019. Archaeolingua Series Minor. Budapest: Archaeolingua. 2022.
  • {{cite thesis |last1=Zangger |first1=Eberhard |date=2024 |title=From Memes to Marx: Social Media as the New Frontier of Ruling Class Dominance |id={{ProQuest|2919205440}} |url=https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/37378200 }}

Selected publications

  • The Landscape Evolution of the Argive Plain (Greece). Paleo-Ecology, Holocene Depositional History and Coastline Changes. PhD dissertation at Stanford University, University Microfilm International, Ann Arbor, Michigan 1988
  • Prehistoric Coastal Environments in Greece: The Vanished Landscapes of Dimini Bay and Lake Lerna. Journal of Field Archaeology 18 (1): 1-15. 1991
  • Neolithic to Present Soil Erosion in Greece. In: Past and Present Soil Erosion, edited by Martin Bell and John Boardman, 133‒147. Oxford: Oxbow Books. 1992
  • The Island of Asine: A paleogeographic reconstruction. Opuscula Atheniensa XX.15: 221-239. 1994
  • Zangger, Eberhard; Michael Timpson, Sergei Yazvenko, Falko Kuhnke & Jost Knauss: The Pylos Regional Archaeological Project; Landscape Evolution and Site Preservation, Hesperia 66 (4): 549-641. 1997
  • Plato’s Atlantis Account: A distorted recollection of the Trojan War. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 18 (1): 77-87. 1993
  • Zangger, Eberhard, Michael Timpson, Sergei Yazvenko and Horst Leiermann: Searching for the Ports of Troy. In: Environmental Reconstruction in Mediterranean Landscape, {{ISBN|978-1-900188-63-0}}
  • Zangger, Eberhard; Woudhuizen, Fred. "Rediscovering Luwian Hieroglyphic Inscriptions from Western Asia Minor". Talanta. Proceedings of the Dutch Archaeological and Historical Society. 50: 9–56. 2018.
  • {{cite journal |last1=Zangger |first1=Eberhard |last2=Gautschy |first2=Rita |title=Celestial Aspects of Hittite Religion: An Investigation of the Rock Sanctuary Yazılıkaya |journal=Journal of Skyscape Archaeology |date=5 April 2019 |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=5–38 |doi=10.1558/jsa.37641 |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |last1=Zangger |first1=Eberhard |last2=Krupp |first2=E.C. |last3=Demirel |first3=Serkan |last4=Gautschy |first4=Rita |title=Celestial Aspects of Hittite Religion, Part 2: Cosmic Symbolism at Yazilikaya |journal=Journal of Skyscape Archaeology |date=16 June 2021 |doi=10.1558/jsa.17829 |doi-access=free }}
  • Zangger, Eberhard, Alper Aşınmaz, and Serdal Mutlu. “Middle and Late Bronze Age Western Asia Minor: A Status Report.” In: The Political Geography of Western Anatolia in the Late Bronze Age, edited by Ivo Hajnal, Eberhard Zangger, and Jorrit M. Kelder, 45:39–180. Archaeolingua Series Minor. Budapest: Archaeolingua. 2022

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