Echimyinae
{{Short description|A subfamily of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range =
| image = Mesomys hispidus female.jpg
| image_caption = Ferreira's spiny tree-rat, Mesomys hispidus
| display_parents = 3
| taxon = Echimyinae
| subdivision_ranks = Tribes
| subdivision =
}}
Echimyinae{{Cite journal |last=Gray |first=J. E. |date=1825 |title=Outline of an attempt at the disposition of the Mammalia into tribes and families with a list of the genera apparently appertaining to each tribe |journal=Annals of Philosophy |volume=10 |pages=337–344 }} is a subfamily of rodents belonging to the spiny rats family Echimyidae.{{MSW3 Hystricognathi | id = 13400422 | pages = | heading = Subfamily Echimyinae}} It contains 14 arboreal genera—all the members of the tribe Echimyini, plus Callistomys—a few terrestrial genera (Thrichomys, Hoplomys, and Proechimys), and a subaquatic genus (Myocastor).{{Cite book|title=Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol 6. Lagomorphs and Rodents I|last1=Fabre|first1=Pierre-Henri|last2=Patton|first2=James L.|author2-link=James L. Patton|last3=Leite|first3=Yuri L. R.|year=2016|isbn=978-84-941892-3-4|editor-last1=Wilson|editor-first1=Don E.|editor-last2=Lacher|editor-first2=Thomas E. Jr|editor-last3=Mittermeier|editor-first3=Russell A.|publisher=Lynx Edicions|location=Barcelona|pages=552–641|chapter=Family Echimyidae (hutias, South American spiny-rats and coypu)|title-link=Handbook of the Mammals of the World}}
Systematics
The taxonomic content of Echimyinae has been reshaped over time, because of two realizations. The first is a better understanding of the evolution of morphological characters, leading to the recognition that key character states long used to group genera into higher units were demonstrably homoplastic. The second came from the a phylogenetic analysis of molecular sequence data.
| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Comparison between molecular-based and traditional systematics for Echimyinae genera. ! style="width: 100px; | Genera ! style="width: 100px;" | Molecular-based systematics ! style="width: 100px;" | Traditional systematics | ||
| Echimys | Echimyini | Echimyinae |
| Phyllomys | Echimyini | Echimyinae |
| Makalata | Echimyini | Echimyinae |
| Pattonomys | Echimyini | Echimyinae |
| Toromys | Echimyini | Echimyinae |
| Diplomys | Echimyini | Echimyinae |
| Santamartamys | Echimyini | Echimyinae |
| Isothrix | Echimyini | Echimyinae |
| Dactylomys | Echimyini | Dactylomyinae |
| Olallamys | Echimyini | Dactylomyinae |
| Kannabateomys | Echimyini | Dactylomyinae |
| Lonchothrix | Echimyini | Eumysopinae |
| Mesomys | Echimyini | Eumysopinae |
| Callistomys | Myocastorini | Echimyinae |
| Myocastor | Myocastorini | Myocastoridae |
| Thrichomys | Myocastorini | Eumysopinae |
| Hoplomys | Myocastorini | Eumysopinae |
| Proechimys | Myocastorini | Eumysopinae |
Phylogeny
The subfamily Echimyinae groups most of the spiny rat family's generic diversity into two tribes: Echimyini and Myocastorini.
{{cladogram
|title=Genus-level cladogram of the Echimyinae.
|caption=The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.{{Cite journal|last1=Lara|first1=Márcia C.|last2=Patton|first2=James L.|author-link2=James L. Patton|last3=da Silva|first3=Maria Nazareth F.|year=1996|title=The Simultaneous Diversification of South American Echimyid Rodents (Hystricognathi) Based on Complete Cytochrome b Sequences|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=5|issue=2|pages=403–413|doi=10.1006/mpev.1996.0035|pmid=8728398|bibcode=1996MolPE...5..403L }}{{Cite journal|last1=Leite|first1=Yuri L. R.|last2=Patton|first2=James L.|author-link2=James L. Patton|year=2002|title=Evolution of South American spiny rats (Rodentia, Echimyidae): the star-phylogeny hypothesis revisited|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=25|issue=3|pages=455–464|doi=10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00279-8|pmid=12450750 |bibcode=2002MolPE..25..455L }}{{Cite journal|last1=Galewski|first1=Thomas|last2=Mauffrey|first2=Jean-François|last3=Leite|first3=Yuri L. R.|last4=Patton|first4=James L.|last5=Douzery|first5=Emmanuel J. P.|year=2005|title=Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=34|issue=3|pages=601–615|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015|pmid=15683932|bibcode=2005MolPE..34..601G }}{{Cite journal|last1=Upham|first1=Nathan S.|last2=Patterson|first2=Bruce D.|year=2012|title=Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|volume=63|issue=2|pages=417–429|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020|pmid=22327013|bibcode=2012MolPE..63..417U }}{{Cite journal|last1=Fabre|first1=Pierre-Henri|last2=Galewski|first2=Thomas|last3=Tilak|first3=Marie-ka|last4=Douzery|first4=Emmanuel J. P.|date=2013-03-01|title=Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach|journal=Zoologica Scripta|language=en|volume=42|issue=2|pages=117–134|doi=10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x|s2cid=83639441 |issn=1463-6409}}{{Cite journal|last1=Loss|first1=Ana|last2=Moura|first2=Raquel T.|last3=Leite|first3=Yuri L. R.|date=2014|title=Unexpected phylogenetic relationships of the painted tree rat Callistomys pictus (Rodentia: Echimyidae)|url=http://www.naturezaonline.com.br/natureza/conteudo/pdf/05_LossACetal_132-136.pdf|journal=Natureza on Line|volume=12|pages=132–136}}{{Cite journal|last1=Fabre|first1=Pierre-Henri|last2=Vilstrup|first2=Julia T.|last3=Raghavan|first3=Maanasa|last4=Der Sarkissian|first4=Clio|last5=Willerslev|first5=Eske|last6=Douzery|first6=Emmanuel J. P.|last7=Orlando|first7=Ludovic|date=2014-07-01|title=Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics|journal=Biology Letters|language=en|volume=10|issue=7|pages=20140266|doi=10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266|pmid=25115033|issn=1744-9561|pmc=4126619}}{{Cite book|title=Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution|last1=Upham|first1=Nathan S.|last2=Patterson|first2=Bruce D.|publisher=SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos|year=2015|editor-last1=Vassallo|editor-first1=Aldo Ivan|location=Buenos Aires|pages=63–120|chapter=Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera|editor-last2=Antenucci|editor-first2=Daniel}}{{Cite journal|last1=Fabre|first1=Pierre-Henri|last2=Upham|first2=Nathan S.|last3=Emmons|first3=Louise H.|last4=Justy|first4=Fabienne|last5=Leite|first5=Yuri L. R.|last6=Loss|first6=Ana Carolina|last7=Orlando|first7=Ludovic|last8=Tilak|first8=Marie-Ka|last9=Patterson|first9=Bruce D.|last10=Douzery|first10=Emmanuel J. P.|date=2017-03-01|title=Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|volume=34|issue=3|pages=613–633|doi=10.1093/molbev/msw261|pmid=28025278|issn=0737-4038|doi-access=free}}
|align=center
|clades=
{{clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:100%;
|label1= Echimyinae
|1={{clade
|1={{Cladogram of Myocastorini genera}}
|2={{Cladogram of Echimyini genera}}
}}
}}
}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Echimyidae nav}}
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