Echinacea paradoxa
{{short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{speciesbox
|image = Echinacea paradoxa.jpg
| status = G3
| status_system = TNC
|genus = Echinacea
|species = paradoxa
|authority = (J. B. S. Norton) Britt.
|synonyms_ref = {{cite web |title=Echinacea paradoxa Britton |url=http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000018862 |website=www.worldfloraonline.org}}
|synonyms =
- Brauneria paradoxa Norton
- Echinacea atrorubens var. paradoxa (Norton) Cronquist
- Echinacea atrorubens var. neglecta (McGregor) Binns, B.R.Baum & Arnason, syn of var. neglecta
}}
Echinacea paradoxa, the yellow coneflower,{{cite web |title=Echinacea paradoxa - Plant Finder |url=https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=k180 |website=www.missouribotanicalgarden.org}} Bush's purple coneflower,[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ECPA2 Echinacea paradoxa] United States Department of Agriculture plants profile or Ozark coneflower,{{cite web |title=Ozark Coneflower (Echinacea paradoxa paradoxa) |url=http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/ozark_coneflower.html |website=www.illinoiswildflowers.info}} is a North American species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to southern Missouri, Arkansas, and south-central Oklahoma. It is listed as threatened in Arkansas.[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=250068265 Flora of North America, Echinacea paradoxa (Norton) Britton ]
Description
Echinacea paradoxa is a perennial herb up to {{convert |90|cm|ft|0|abbr=on|}} tall with multiple, slightly hairy stems arising from the rootstock. Most of the leaves are basal leaves with smooth margins. They are alternate, becoming shorter higher up on the stem, and they are completely absent on the upper two-thirds of the stem. The basal leaves are {{convert |8-45|cm|in|0|abbr=on|}} long and narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, and the stem leaves are {{convert |4-35|cm|in|0|abbr=on|}} long and linear to narrowly elliptic or narrowly lanceolate.{{cite web |title=Echinacea paradoxa page |url=https://www.missouriplants.com/Echinacea_paradoxa_page.html |website=www.missouriplants.com}}
One plant can produce several flower heads, each with white, pink, or yellow ray florets surrounding a central head of numerous disk florets.[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/812393#page/484/mode/1up Britton, Nathaniel Lord & Brown, Addison 1913. illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions : from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian 3: 476] description in English plus lline drawing[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5712994#page/102/mode/1up Norton, John Bitting Smith 1902. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12(4): 40–41] description and commentary in English, as Brauneria paradoxa[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5712994#page/102/mode/1up Norton, John Bitting Smith 1902. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12(4): plate VIII (8)] line drawing of Echinacea paradoxa as Brauneria paradoxa Each flower head is about {{convert |2-2.5|in|cm|0|order=flip|abbr=on|}} across. The central head is dome-shaped and dark reddish brown to nearly black. It is prickly to the touch. It blooms in May and June.
Taxonomy
- Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa - yellow rays - Arkansas and Missouri - yellow coneflower or Ozark coneflower
- Echinacea paradoxa var.neglecta - pink or white rays Oklahoma and Texas - Bush's purple coneflower
Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa has a baseline chromosome number of x = 11, like most Echinacea plants.Smith, E. B., P. E. Hyatt, and K. Golden. 1992. Documented chromosome numbers 1992: 1. Chromosome numbers of some Arkansas flowering plants. Sida 15:145–146.
Distribution and habitat
Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa, or yellow coneflower, is endemic to the Ozarks of Missouri and Arkansas. It is listed as imperiled in Arkansas.{{cite web |title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.132209/Echinacea_paradoxa_var_paradoxa |website=explorer.natureserve.org}}
Echinacea paradoxa var. neglecta, or Bush's purple coneflower, is currently only known to exist in the wild in the Arbuckle Mountains region of southeastern Oklahoma. One isolated population was reported from Montgomery County in eastern Texas. It is listed as critically imperiled in Oklahoma and presumed extirpated in Texas.{{cite web |title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.151034/Echinacea_paradoxa_var_neglecta |website=explorer.natureserve.org}}
Habitats include partially sunny to sunny savannas, glades, limestone outcroppings, barrens, open hillsides, and bald knobs.
Gallery
Image:Echinacea.paradoxa01.jpg|Illustration
Image:Yellow Coneflower Echinacea paradoxa Horizontal 3008px.jpg|Flower
Image:Echinacea paradoxa - yellow coneflower - desc-flower from above.jpg|Flower from above
Image:Yellow Coneflower Echinacea paradoxa Single Flower Bee 1895px.jpg|Flower and a bee
Image:Yellow Coneflower Echinacea paradoxa Closeup Bee 3008px.jpg|Flower closeup with a bee
References
{{Reflist}}
- {{Commons category-inline|Echinacea paradoxa}}
- {{Wikispecies-inline|Echinacea paradoxa}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q950562}}
Category:Garden plants of North America