Edinburgh's Runestone

{{Infobox artifact

| name =

| native_name =

| native_name_lang =

| image = "Princess Street Gardens" runestone in it's new location at 50 George Street, Edinburgh.jpg

| image_size =

| alt =

| image_caption = "Princes Street Gardens" runestone

| material =

| size =

| height =

| width =

| weight =

| long =

| writing =

| symbols =

| created = 1010–1050

| discovered =

| discovered_place = Lilla Ramsjö, Morgongåva, Vittinge parish, Uppland, Sweden

| discovered_coords =

| discovered_date =

| discovered_by =

| rune_id = U 1173

| rune_style =

| rune_master = Erik (A)

| rune_text_native = Old Norse: {{lang|non|Ari ræisti stæin æftiR Hialm, faður sinn. Guð hialpi and hans.}}

| rune_text_english = Ari raised the stone in memory of Hjalmr, his father. May God help his spirit.

| location = 50 George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland

| coordinates = {{coord|55.943863|-3.186608|display=inline,title}}

| classification =

| culture =

| id =

| map =

| website =

}}The Swedish Runestone, designated U 1173 in the Rundata catalogue, is an 11th-century[http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk] – Rundata entry for U 1173. Swedish Viking Age runestone which was located in Princes Street Gardens, Edinburgh, below Edinburgh Castle Esplanade, within a fenced enclosure adjacent to Ramsay Garden.{{Cite web|url = http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/52498/photographs/edinburgh+princes+street+gardens/|title = Edinburgh, Princes Street Garden (Rune Inscribed Stone)|website = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland}} Due to security concerns it was removed from there on 19 December 2017 and in the Autumn of 2020 was re-located at 50 George Square, Edinburgh just outside the University of Edinburgh's Department of Scandinavian Studies.{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/edinburghs-forgotten-viking-stone-get-new-home-596488|title=Edinburgh's forgotten Viking stone to get new home|date=November 15, 2017|website=The Scotsman}}{{Cite web |title=Runestone Project {{!}} Society of Antiquaries of Scotland |url=https://www.socantscot.org/research-project/runestone-project-2017-18/ |access-date=2019-03-21 |language=en}}{{Cite web|url=https://ewh.org.uk/ancient-stone-moves/|title=» Ancient stone moves|website=ewh.org.uk|access-date=2019-03-21}}

On 22 March 2023 the runestone was officially unveiled,{{Cite web|url=https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/activities/runes-runestones-and-u1173-the-edinburgh-runestone|title=Runes, Runestones, and U1173 - 'The Edinburgh Runestone'|website=University of Edinburgh Research Explorer}} after delays due to restrictions put in place to prevent the spread of Coronovirus.

Originally from Lilla Ramsjö in present-day Morgongåva, Heby Municipality, it was donated to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1787 by Sir Alexander Seton of Preston and Ekolsund (né Baron 1738–1814),{{Cite web |last=Gyllenhammar |first=Gyllenhammar |date=2015-07-03 |title=Alexander Seton (Baron) |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Alexander-Seton/6000000017553438216 |website=GENi}} and was presented to the Princes Street Proprietors by the Society in 1821.{{Cite journal|url = http://ssns.org.uk/resources/Documents/NorthernStudies/Vol15/McNaughton_1980_Vol_15_pp_29_33.pdf|title = Edinburgh's Runestone|last = McNaughton|first = Adam|date = 1980|journal = Northern Studies|pages = 29, 31}} It is one of three Swedish runestones in Britain; the other two (U 104 & U 1160) are in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford in England.[http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk] – Rundata entry for U 104.[http://www.nordiska.uu.se/forskn/samnord.htm Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk] – Rundata entry for U 1160.{{Cite journal|url = http://ssns.org.uk/resources/Documents/NorthernStudies/Vol15/McNaughton_1980_Vol_15_pp_29_33.pdf|title = Edinburgh's Runestone|last = McNaughton|first = Adam|date = 1980|journal = Northern Studies|page = 29}}

Carving

File:Swedish Runestone U 1173 being removed from Princes Street Gardens Edinburgh.jpg

The carving on the stone features a centrally located cross, encircled by a serpent. The runic inscription is carved within the serpent, whose head and tail are linked with the cross' shaft. There are 18 runestones in Sweden which bear similar features and are believed to have been carved by a runemaster called Erik.{{Cite web|url=http://www.runristare.se/galleri/2014-u1173/en/index.html|title=Runestone U 1173 – a missing runestone recreated|website=www.runristare.se|access-date=2019-03-21}}

There are two additional crosses carved into the runestone – one on the right-hand edge of the stone, and one at the front of the stone, above the inscription, on the right-hand side. They do not exhibit the same level of craftsmanship and are believed to have been added later, perhaps in the 19th century.{{Cite web|url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/52498/edinburgh-princes-street-gardens|title=Edinburgh, Princes Street Gardens {{!}} Canmore|website=canmore.org.uk|language=en|access-date=2019-03-21}}

=Inscription=

Transliteration and transcription:

{{fs interlinear |indent=2 |spacing=0.5 |class1=bold

|ari + rasti + stain + aftir + (h)ialm + faþur sin + kuþ + hialbi + ant hans

|Ari {} reisti {} stein {} eptir {} Hjalm, {} fǫður sinn. {} Guð {} hjalpi {} ǫnd hans.

|"Ari raised the stone in memory of Hjalmr, his father. May God help his spirit."{{Cite web|url=https://skaldic.org/db.php?table=mss&id=17983&if=runic|title=Runic Dictionary|website=skaldic.org}}

}}

Replica Runestone in Morgongåva

In 2014 a replica of stone U 1173 was made in Sweden and placed where the original would have come from, at Morgongåva in Uppsala, by a group called Hebys "nya" runsten,{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/people/Hebys-nya-runsten/100078251111687/|title=Hebys "nya" runsten|website=www.facebook.com}} led by project manager Mats Köben, an amateur archaeologist and enthusiast. This replica was carved by runemaster Kalle Dahlberg (Runistare) who visited Edinburgh in 2013 to measure the stone and record the design, before carving it from pink granite, sourced from Vätö Stenhuggeri at Adelsö Island.{{Cite web |last=Dahlberg |first=Kalle |title=2014 Rune stone U 1173 |url=https://runristare.se/galleri/2014-u1173/en/index.html |website=Kalle Runristare}}{{Cite web |last=Gilmour |first=Simon |date=2019-02-12 |title=Update on the Edinburgh Runestone |url=https://www.ssns.org.uk/news/update-on-the-edinburgh-runestone/ |website=Scottish Society for Northern Studies}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

  • [http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/arch_scot_vol_002/02_490_501.pdf Anon (J. Dillon & J. Jamieson) (1822) 'Account of a stone with a runic inscription, presented to the Society by the late Sir Alexander Seton of Preston, and of some other inscriptions of the same kind in the Isle of Man', Archaeologia Scotica, 2.2, pp. 490–501]
  • [http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_134/134_201_239.pdf Graham-Campbell, James (2004) Danes...in this Country': discovering Vikings in Scotland', Proc Soc Antiq Scot'', 134, pp. 201–239]
  • [https://www.ssns.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/McNaughton_1980_Vol_15_pp_29_33.pdf McNaughton, Adam (1980) 'Edinburgh's Runestone', Northern Studies, 15, pp. 29–33]
  • [http://www.raa.se/runinskrifter/sri_uppland_b09_h03_text_2.pdf#page=22 Sveriges Runinskrifter, (1953–1958), ix, pp. 653–656]