Edmund Sonnenblick
{{Short description|American cardiologist (1932–2007)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox scientist
| image =Dr. Sonnenblick poses by his boat.png
| caption = Dr. Edmund Sonnenblick
|birth_name=Edmund Hiram Sonnenblick
| birth_date = {{birth date|1932|12|7|mf=y}}
| birth_place = New Haven, Connecticut,
United States
| death_date = {{death date and age|2007|9|22|1932|12|7}}
| death_place = Darien, Connecticut,
United States
| field = Medical research,
cardiology
| work_institution = Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
| alma_mater = Wesleyan University
Harvard Medical School
| known_for = Cardiac muscle cell research
| prizes = American College of Cardiology Distinguished Scientist Award (1989)
American Heart Association Research Achievement Award (2007)
| spouse = {{marriage|Linda Bland|1954}}
}}
Edmund Hiram Sonnenblick (December 7, 1932{{spaced ndash}}September 22, 2007) was an American medical researcher and cardiologist. His studies of the function of cardiac muscle cells during the 1960s shaped the basis of both cardiovascular physiology and the modern treatment of cardiovascular disease, making possible the development of ACE inhibitors.{{Cite web|url = http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/789626|title = Heart-failure pioneer Edmund H Sonnenblick dies|date = September 27, 2007|website = Medscape|last = Nainggolan|first = Lisa}} In 1962, he was credited as the first person to image the heart muscle under scientifically-controlled conditions using the electron microscope. Though Sonnenblick's ideas about the relationship between the structure and function of the human heart today constitute medical-scientific commonsense, they were utterly novel at the time.
Reflecting on Sonnenblick's discoveries, Harvard cardiologist Eugene Braunwald wrote that "Ed Sonnenblick occupies an honored place along with Ernest Starling, Carl Wiggers, and very few others in the pantheon of the greatest cardiovascular physiologists of the twentieth century." After Sonnenblick's death in 2007, a tribute published in the prominent peer-reviewed journal Circulation Research remembered Sonnenblick as "simply an intellectual giant in the field of cardiovascular research, and the work that he did will forever shape everyday treatments of heart disease."{{Cite journal|title = Edmund H. Sonnenblick (1932–2007)|journal = Circulation Research|date = 2007-07-12|issn = 0009-7330|pages = 1222–1224|volume = 101|issue = 12|doi = 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.166603|first = Leslie A.|last = Leinwand|doi-access = free}} Another tribute hailed him as "one of the most prominent and important cardiologists in the history of American medicine"{{Cite journal |last1=Scheuer |first1=James |last2=Kitsis |first2=Richard N. |date=2007-12-04 |title=Edmund H. Sonnenblick, MD: 1932–2007 |url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743039 |journal=Circulation |language=en |volume=116 |issue=23 |pages=2760–2761 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743039 |issn=0009-7322}}
Early life
Sonnenblick was born in New Haven, Connecticut on December 7, 1932, to Israel "Ira" and Rosalind Sonnenblick. Sonnenblick grew up in Hartford, Connecticut, and after graduating as the salutatorian of his high school class, he attended Wesleyan University.
After completing his B.A. at Wesleyan University, Sonnenblick attended Harvard Medical School. He graduated cum laude in 1958. He began his residency at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital in New York.
Career
During his residency, Sonnenblick was credited as the first person to use the electron microscope for imaging the heart muscle under scientifically-controlled conditions when he compared measurements of heart muscle structure and the force of its contractions. With the completion of his residency at Columbia in 1960, he moved to the National Institutes of Health, where he would collaborate with figures like Stanley Sarnoff, Eugene Braunwald, and Henry Spotnitz.{{cite journal |title=A Tribute to Edmund H. Sonnenblick, MD: 1932–2007 |journal=Cardiology in Review |date=2008 |doi=10.1097/CRD.0b013e31815f5229 |url=http://journals.lww.com/cardiologyinreview/Citation/2008/01000/A_Tribute_to_Edmund_H__Sonnenblick,_MD__1932_2007.1.aspx |access-date=2015-07-01 |last1=Frishman |first1=William H. |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=1–3 |pmid=18091396 |url-access=subscription }}
During this period, Sonnenblick published his single-author paper, "Force-velocity relations in mammalian heart muscle" in 1962, which appeared in the American Journal of Physiology.{{cite web |title=Force-velocity relations in mammalian heart muscle |url=http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/content/ajplegacy/202/5/931.full.pdf |website=ajplegacy.physiology.org |access-date=2015-07-02}} In the paper, he showed that muscle mechanisms account directly for the quantity of blood pumped by the heart. Among other things, this finding provided justification for therapeutic afterload reduction. In 1963, he began investigating heart cell muscle contractions using quantitative electron microscopy. Sonnenblick argued that the positional relationship between filaments within heart muscle cells affects the force of those cells' contractions.{{cite journal |title=Edmund H. Sonnenblick |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |date=2008-02-01 |issn=0021-9738 |pmc=2214717 |pages=390 |volume=118 |issue=2 |doi=10.1172/JCI34710 |first=Eugene |last=Braunwald}} Eugene Braunwald later told The New York Times that Sonnenblick's work was akin to "what a brilliant mathematician or theoretical physicist does that ultimately allows you to go into space."{{cite news |title=Edmund H. Sonnenblick, a Pioneer in Treatments for Heart Failure, Dies at 74 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/27/us/27sonnenblick.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=2007-09-27 |access-date=2015-07-01 |issn=0362-4331 |first=Lawrence K. |last=Altman}}
Sonnenblick left NIH in 1968 and moved to Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. There, he served as co-director of cardiology with Richard Gorlin and co-director of cardiovascular research. He was also an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School.
In 1975, he relocated to New York City and was appointed the inaugural director of the Cardiology Division at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. With James Scheuer and Leslie Leinwand, Sonnenblick developed the Einstein Cardiovascular Research Office and created the United States' first molecular cardiology program.{{Cite journal |last1=Scheuer |first1=James |last2=Kitsis |first2=Richard N. |date=2007-12-04 |title=Edmund H. Sonnenblick, MD: 1932–2007 |url=https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743039 |journal=Circulation |language=en |volume=116 |issue=23 |pages=2760–2761 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.743039 |issn=0009-7322}}{{Cite web |title=2011 Einstein Convocation Honors Faculty and Philanthropists |url=https://einsteinmed.org/features/stories/743/2011-einstein-convocation-honors-faculty-and-philanthropists/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |website=Albert Einstein College of Medicine}} He would remain on faculty at Einstein until 1996, when he was named Chief Emeritus and the Edmond J. Safra Distinguished University Professor of Medicine.
Over the course of his career, Sonnenblick trained more than 300 cardiologists and researchers, authored or co-authored over 600 articles, and made contributions to 16 textbooks on cardiovascular disease.{{cite web |title=Edmund Sonnenblick, M.D., Former Einstein Chief of Cardiology {{!}} Einstein/Montefiore Department of Medicine {{!}} Albert Einstein College of Medicine |url=https://www.einstein.yu.edu/departments/medicine/medicine.aspx?id=6986 |website=www.einstein.yu.edu |access-date=2015-07-01}} He was also among the founding members of the Heart Failure Society of America.{{cite web |title=In Memoriam |work=Journal of Cardiac Failure |url=http://www.onlinejcf.com/article/S1071-9164(07)01077-9/fulltext|access-date=2015-07-01}}
Personal life
In 1954, Sonnenblick married Linda Bland, the daughter of Chester Bland, businessman and president of Colt's Manufacturing Company between 1955 and 1958.{{Cite web|title = PG 460, Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company Collection Inventory|url = http://www.cslib.org/archives/finding_aids/PG460.html|website = www.cslib.org|access-date = 2015-07-09}} The couple had three daughters. His oldest daughter, Emily Sonnenblick, is a radiologist at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York.{{Cite web |title=Emily B Sonnenblick - Radiology {{!}} Mount Sinai - New York |url=https://profiles.mountsinai.org/emily-b-sonnenblick |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Mount Sinai Health System |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2012-03-15 |title=Grace Hightower De Niro, Dr. Diane Reidy Lagunes and Dr. Emily Sonnenblick Honored at American Cancer Society |url=https://forward.com/news/153078/grace-hightower-de-niro-dr-diane-reidy-lagunes-and/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=The Forward |language=en}} She is married to cancer geneticist and oncologist Kenneth Offit.{{Cite news |date=1984-06-11 |title=Dr. Emily Sonnenblick Weds in Darien |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/11/style/dr-emily-sonnenblick-weds-in-darien.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} His youngest daughter, Charlotte Sonnenblick, is married to artist and author Adam Van Doren, grandson of Pulitzer Prize-winning poet, Mark Van Doren.{{Cite news |date=1991-06-02 |title=Miss Sonnenblick Weds in Darien |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/02/style/miss-sonnenblick-weds-in-darien.html |access-date=2022-06-02 |issn=0362-4331}} Sonnenblick's middle daughter, Annie Sonnenblick, died of sepsis in 1984.{{Cite news |date=1984-05-01 |title=ANNIE SONNENBLICK |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/01/obituaries/annie-sonnenblick.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}} Wesleyan University's annual Sonnenblick Lecture and Annie Sonnenblick Writing Award are named in her honor.{{Cite web |title=Prizes and Fellowships, Writing at Wesleyan - Wesleyan University |url=http://www.wesleyan.edu/writing/community/prizes.html |access-date=2015-07-02 |website=www.wesleyan.edu}}
References
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Category:American cardiologists