Edo language

Most of the Edo language-speakers live in the Southern parts of Edo State, Nigeria. The current state: Edo State derives its name from the Edo speaking people of the state. A smaller number of Edo speakers are also found in Delta State and Ondo State and in other parts of Nigeria.

Edo is an Edoid language. These languages are also spoken in Rivers State and Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

There are seven vowels, {{IPA|/i e ɛ a ɔ o u/}}, all of which may be long or nasal, and three tones.

Edo has a rather average consonant inventory for an Edoid language. It maintains only a single phonemic nasal, {{IPA|/m/}}, but has 13 oral consonants, {{IPA|/r, l, ʋ, j, w/}} and the 8 stops, which have nasal allophones such as {{IPA|[n, ɲ, ŋʷ]}}, and nasalized allophones {{IPA|[ʋ̃, j̃, w̃]}} before nasal vowels.

The three rhotics have been described as voiced and voiceless trills as well as a lax English-type approximant. However, Ladefoged{{SOWL}}{{rp|241}} found all three to be approximants, with the voiced–voiceless pair being raised (without being fricatives) and perhaps at a slightly different place of articulation compared to the third but not trills.

Syllable structure is simple, being maximally CVV, where VV is either a long vowel or {{IPA|/i, u/}} plus a different oral or nasal vowel.

The Edo alphabet has separate letters for the nasalised allophones of {{IPA|/ʋ/}} and {{IPA|/l/}}, mw and n:

Long vowels are written by doubling the letter. Nasal vowels may be written with a final -n or with an initial nasal consonant. Tone may be written with acute accent, grave accent, and unmarked, or with a final -h (-nh with a nasal vowel).

• Edo people
• Edo literature
• Benin Empire

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite thesis |last=Adénéyì |first=Harrison 'Rótìmí |title=A morphology of Edo |degree=MA |publisher=University of Ibadan |doi=10.5281/zenodo.3625750 |doi-access=free |year=2007}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Adeniyi |first=Harrison |year=2007 |title=A comparative study of reduplication in Edo and Yoruba |journal=MorphOn: e-Journal of Morphology |pages=1–23}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Ajiboye |first=Oladiipo Jacob |year=2001 |title=A comparative study of Èdó and Yorùbá gerunds |journal=University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics |volume=4}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Aluede |first=Charles O. |last2=Braimah |first2=Abu A. |year=2005 |title=Edo folk songs as sources of historical reconstruction |journal=Studies of Tribes and Tribals |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=123–128 |doi=10.1080/0972639X.2005.11886528 |s2cid=49571460}}
• {{Cite conference |last=Baker |first=Mark C. |title=On the Interplay of the Universal and the Particular: Case Studies from Edo |conference=35th Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society |location=Chicago}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Baker |first=Mark C. |last2=Osumuyimen |first2=Thompson Stewart |year=2001 |title=Unaccusativity and the adjective/verb distinction: Èdó evidence |journal=University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics |volume=4}}
• {{Cite book |last=Dunn |first=Ernest F. |title=An Introduction to Bini |publisher=African Studies Center, Michigan State University |others=assisted by Agheyisi, Rebecca N. |year=1968 |series=African Monograph |volume=8 |location=East Lansing |lccn=77629241 |oclc=614956253}}
• {{Cite thesis |last=Emovon |first=Joshua A. |title=A phonological study of Edo (Bini), with special reference to the verbal phrase |degree=MPhil |publisher=SOAS, University of London |doi=10.25501/SOAS.00029261 |doi-access=free |year=1979}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Imasuen |first=Ekhato Otamere |date=1998–1999 |title=Languages in contact: the case of Edo and Portuguese |url=https://journalofwestafricanlanguages.org/index.php/downloads/download/79-volume2702/379-languages-in-contact-the-case-of-edo-and-portuguese |journal=Journal of West African Languages |volume=27 |pages=39–50}}
• {{Cite book |last=Manfredi |first=Victor B. |title=Typologie des langues d'Afrique et universaux de la grammaire |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2003 |editor-last=Sauzet |editor-first=Patrick |location=Paris |pages=127–162 |chapter=A fonosyntactic parameter within Benue-Kwa and its consequences for Edó |editor-last2=Zribi-Hertz |editor-first2=Anne}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Morrison |first=Megan |year=2001 |title=Plurality and multiplicity in Èdó and English |journal=University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics |volume=4}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Naumann |first=Ralf |last2=Gamerschlag |first2=Thomas |year=2020 |title=Serial verb constructions and covert coordinations in Edo – an analysis in Type Logical Grammar |journal=Journal of Language Modelling |volume=8 |pages=337–413}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Ogie |first=Ota |year=2001 |title=Some comments on Èdó syntax |journal=Africa & Asia: Göteborg working papers on Asian and African languages and literatures |volume=1 |pages=50–59 |s2cid=64227751}}
• {{Cite book |last=Ogie |first=Ota |url=https://centreforedostudies.be/Papers/Ogie,%20Ota%20-%20About%20Multi-verb%20Constructions%20in%20Edo,%20Proceedings%20of%20the%20workshop%20on%20Multi-Verb%20constructions,%20Trondheim%20Summer%20School%202003.pdf |title=Proceedings of the workshop on Multi-Verb constructions |publisher=Trondheim Summer School |year=2003 |chapter=About Multi-verb Constructions in Edo}}
• {{Cite thesis |last=Ogie |first=Ota |title=Multi-Verb Constructions in È̱DÓ |degree=PhD |publisher=NTNU |hdl=11250/243996 |year=2009}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Omozuwa |first=Edosa Victor |year=1998 |title=A spectrographic study of Edo [ɹ] and [l] |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/onseikenkyu/2/3/2_KJ00007630883/_pdf |journal=Onsei Kenkyu: Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan |volume=2 |issue=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508091847/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/onseikenkyu/2/3/2_KJ00007630883/_pdf |archive-date=2022-05-08}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Sheedy |first=Cory R. C. |year=2001 |title=Grammatical tones in Èdó: an optimality theoretic account |journal=University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics |volume=4}}
• {{Cite book |last=Wescott |first=Roger W. |title=A Bini grammar |publisher=African Languages and Area Center, Michigan State University |year=1962 |volume=1: Phonology |location=East Lansing}}
• {{Cite book |last=Wescott |first=Roger W. |title=A Bini grammar |publisher=African Languages and Area Center, Michigan State University |year=1962 |volume=2: Morphology |location=East Lansing}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Woo |first=Florence Fung Lam |year=2001 |title=Serial verb constructions in Èdó and Cantonese |journal=University of British Columbia Working Papers in Linguistics |volume=4}}
• {{Cite journal |last=Yuka |first=Lendzemo Constantine |last2=Mercy |first2=Omoregbe |year=2006 |title=Re as a post-verbal free form in Edo: a morpho-semantic re-analysis |journal=MorphOn: e-Journal of Morphology |pages=1–13}}

{{Incubator|bin}}

• [http://www.edofolks.com/words/ Edo Language Dictionary Online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927043014/http://www.edofolks.com/words/ |date=2007-09-27 }}
• [https://archive.org/details/MelzianAConciseDictionaryOfTheBiniLanguageOfSouthernNigeria1937 Hans Melzian's Edo-English Dictionary]
• [https://archive.org/details/AgheysiRebeccaN.AnEdoEnglishDictionary Rebecca Agheyisi's Edo-English Dictionary]
• [http://centreforedostudies.be Centre for Edo Studies]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070225031019/http://www.panafril10n.org/wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Edo PanAfrican L10n page on Edo (Bini)]
• [http://www.edoworld.net/Edo_names_dictionary.html Edo/Africa names dictionary{source Edoworld}]
• [http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/BIN/bin.html Bini (Edo) wordlists and recordings] at the UCLA Phonetics Archive
• [https://archive.today/20130620200824/http://naija-local.com/index.php/market_calender/ Bini (Edo) Market Days {{sic|nolink=y|Calender}}] on Naija local

{{Languages of Nigeria}}

{{Volta-Niger languages}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Edoid languages

Category:Languages of Nigeria