Edolo Pumped Storage Plant

Image:Lago Benedetto.jpg

The lower reservoir is located in Edolo on the north bank of the Oglio. It was created by a circular dike and stores water for pumping. Of the lower reservoir's {{Convert|14000000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} storage capacity, {{Convert|12790000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} can be used for pumping. It is located at an elevation of {{Convert|655|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. The upper reservoir, Lake Avio, is located {{Convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} east of Edolo high in the mountains at {{Coord|46|11|37|N|10|28|16|E|name=Lake Avio}}. Directly above Lake Avio is Lake Benedetto which supplements Avio with water. Both the Avio and Benedetto Dams are gravity dams and are {{Convert|37.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and {{Convert|31|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in height, respectively. The total storage capacity of the upper reservoir (including Lake Benedetto) is {{Convert|21240000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} of which {{Convert|17040000|m3|acre.ft|0|abbr=on}} can be used for power generation. The elevation of Lake Avio is {{Convert|1908|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} above sea level and it traps water from a {{Convert|49.5|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} catchment area. Connecting the upper and lower reservoirs is a series of tunnels and pipes. Beginning at Lake Avio's intake, an {{Convert|8125|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} long head-race tunnel transfers water east before it bifurcates into two {{Convert|499|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} long penstocks. Each penstock reaches the power plant and splits further to supply the eight pump-generators with water. The lower reservoir and power plant are connected by two {{Convert|1100|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} long tunnels. The difference in elevation between both reservoirs affords a hydraulic head of {{Convert|1265|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. At the power station, each Francis pump-turbine-generator is rated at 125 MW for power generation and 140 MW for pumping. Only seven of the pump-generators can operate at one time.{{cite web|title=General System and Pumping - Edolo|url=http://francorino.altervista.org/1cedolo.htm|publisher=ENEL|accessdate=24 November 2015|language=Italian}}

When energy demand is low and electricity cheap, the plant pumps water from the lower reservoir to the upper. When demand is high, that water, being stored energy, is released back down the same tunnels and pipes to the plant for generation. After being used for generation, the power plant sends the water back to the lower reservoir. New water reserves can also be taken from the Oglio River. This process repeats as needed and allows the plant to serve as a peaking power plant. The plant generates 737 GWh annually but consumes 1,021 GWh pumping. Although it consumes more energy than it creates, pumping occurs at night, when electricity is cheap. This makes the plant economical, as it generates electricity during high demand, more expensive periods. The size of the Avio Dam's catchment area allows it to collect water naturally as well and 219 GWh can be generated from this water alone annually.{{cite book|last=Engineers|first=prepared by Task Committee on Pumped Storage of the Committee on Hydropower of the Energy Division of the American Society of Civil|title=Hydroelectric pumped storage technology : international experience|year=1996|publisher=American Soc. of Civil Engineers|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-7844-0144-6|pages=3.8–1–4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iCSl-pxL7IwC&q=Edolo+Pumped+Storage+Station&pg=PA48-IA166}}

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• Hydroelectricity in Italy
• List of pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations

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Category:Dams completed in 1984

Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1985

Category:Dams in Italy

Category:Hydroelectric power stations in Italy

Category:Pumped-storage hydroelectric power stations in Italy