Edops

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = Late Carboniferous - Early Permian {{fossil range|303.4|290.1|earliest=Gzhelian}}

| image = Edops skull.jpg

| image_caption = Skull of Edops craigi on display at Harvard

| parent_authority = Langston, 1953

| taxon = Edops

| authority = Romer and Witter, 1936

| display_parents = 2

| type_species = {{extinct}}Edops craigi

| type_species_authority = Romer and Witter, 1936

}}

Edops ('swollen face') is an extinct genus of temnospondyl amphibian from the Late Carboniferous - Early Permian periods.{{cite web|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37005|title=†Edops Romer 1936 (tetrapod)|website=Paleobiology Database|access-date=2024-01-31}} Unlike more advanced temnospondyls of the time, such as Eryops, Edops exhibited an archaic pattern of palatal bones, and still possessed various additional bones at the back of the skull. Edopoids also had particularly big premaxillae (the bones that form the tip of the snout) and proportionally small external nostrils. Within the clade, the most basal member seems to be Edops from the Early Permian Archer City Formation of the US, a broad-skulled animal with large palatal teeth.

Edops was fairly big, at {{convert|2|m|ft}} in length. Fragmentary remains from the Viséan of Scotland appear to come from Edops or a close relative and hence predate the type Edops material of the Permian.{{cite web|url=http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/temnospondyli/edopoidea.html|title=Edopoidea|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923033610/http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/temnospondyli/edopoidea.html|archive-date=2023-09-23|url-status=live}}

Discovery and naming

File:Edopoidea diagram.png

The American paleontologist Alfred Sherwood Romer named Edops "swollen face" (from Greek oidos "swelling" and Greek ops "face") in 1936, noting that the "premaxillaries are greatly thickened and produced externally into rounded swellings (whence the generic name)."{{Cite book |last=HARTMANN-WEINBERG |first=А. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=caxeDwAAQBAJ |title=Проблемы палеонтологии: PROBLEMS OF PALEONTOLOGY |date=1936-06-03 |publisher=Alexander Doweld |language=en}} (The Latinized spelling "edo" for "oidos" resembles the Latin word edo meaning a glutton, but this is not the formal etymology.) In a 1943 popular article, Romer explained that the original fossil find was nicknamed "Grandpa Bumps" for the lumps of bone, which had survived while the rest of the first skull had been largely destroyed.{{Cite book |last=Cattell J. Mckeen |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.534676 |title=The Scientific Monthly Vol-lvii (1943) |date=1943}} Romer and his preparator R. V. Witter from Harvard University described Edops in more detail from additional fossil material in 1942.{{Cite journal |last=Romer |first=Alfred S. |last2=Witter |first2=Robert V. |date=1942 |title=Edops, a Primitive Rhachitomous Amphibian from the Texas Red Beds |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/625101 |journal=The Journal of Geology |language=en |volume=50 |issue=8 |pages=925–960 |doi=10.1086/625101 |issn=0022-1376|url-access=subscription }}

Phylogeny

File:Edops craigi12DB.jpg]]

Edops craigi in a cladogram after Steyer et. al., 2006:{{cite journal|author=Steyer, J.S., Damiani, R., Sidor, C.A., O’Keefe, F.R., Larsson, H.C.E., Maga, A., Ide, O.|year=2006|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228712836|title=The vertebrate fauna of the Upper Permian of Niger. IV. Nigerpeton ricqlesi (Temnospondyli: Cochleosauridae), and the edopoid colonization of Gondwana|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=26|issue=1|pages=18–28|doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[18:TVFOTU]2.0.CO;2}}

{{clade|style=font-size:95%; line-height:95%;

|label1=Edopoidea

|1={{clade

|1=Edops craigi

|label2=Cochleosauridae

|2={{clade

|1=Procochleosaurus jarrowensis

|2={{clade

|1=Adamanterpeton ohioensis

|label2=Cochleosaurinae

|2={{clade

|1={{clade