Eduardo Ortega y Gasset
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{short description|Spanish lawyer and politician (1882–1964)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Eduardo Ortega y Gasset
| image = Eduardo Ortega y Gasset.JPG
| office = 69th Attorney General of the Republic
| term_start = December 1936
| term_end = November 1937
| office2 = Civil Governor of Madrid
| term_start2 = April 1931
| term_end2 = June 1931
| birth_place = Madrid, Spain
| birth_date = 11 April 1882
| death_place = Caracas, Venezuela
| death_date = 25 February 1965
| nationality = Spanish
| occupation = {{hlist|Politician|lawyer|journalist}}
}}
Eduardo Ortega y Gasset (1882–1965) was a Spanish politician, journalist and lawyer.
Biography
Born in Madrid on 11 April 1882.{{Sfn|Esteban Barahona|1999|pp=19–20}} He was the older brother of philosopher José Ortega y Gasset.{{Sfn|Lasaga|2014|pp=17–18}}
He became a member of the Congress of Deputies after the 1910 general election, in representation of the electoral district of Coín (province of Málaga). He joined the Liberal fraction.{{Cite web|url=http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/Congreso/Iniciativas?_piref73_2148295_73_1335437_1335437.next_page=/wc/servidorCGI&CMD=VERLST&BASE=DIPH&FMT=DIPHXDSS.fmt&DOCS=1-1&DOCORDER=FIFO&OPDEF=Y&QUERY=%2883030.NDIP.%29|title=Ortega y Gasset, Eduardo. 46. Elecciones 8.5.1910|website=congreso.es|publisher=Congress of Deputies}} He renovated his seat at the 1914, 1916, 1918, 1919, 1920 and 1923 elections.{{sfn|Cucalón Vela|2016}}
He joined the Freemasonry in 1922.{{Sfn|Esteban Barahona|1999|pp=19–20}} During the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, Ortega y Gasset self-exiled to Paris; he became there a close acquaintance of Miguel de Unamuno,{{Sfn|Urrutia León|2009|pp=194–195}} collaborating along the latter and Blasco Ibáñez in the España con Honra magazine.{{Sfn|Urrutia León|2009|p=195}} He was one of the founders of the Radical Socialist Republican Party (PRRS) in 1929.{{Sfn|Tuñón de Lara|1967|p=129}}
He was among the signatories of the Pact of San Sebastián on 17 August 1930.{{Sfn|Núñez Rivero|2017|p=251}}
On 15 April 1931, immediately after the proclamation of the Second Republic, he was appointed Civil Governor of the Province of Madrid.{{Sfn|Serralonga i Urquidi|2007}} In June 1931, he was replaced as civil governor by Emilio Palomo Aguado.{{Sfn|Serralonga i Urquidi|2007}} He ran as candidate for the 1931 Constituent election in the constituencies of Ciudad Real, Guadalajara and Granada; elected in the three constituencies, he chose to remain as legislator representing the first constituency.
He was expelled from the PRRS in 1932 along {{ill|Juan Botella Asensi|es}}, chiefly on the basis of having repeatedly broke party discipline.{{Sfn|Avilés Farré|2006|p=211}}{{sfn|Cucalón Vela|2016}} They formed then the {{ill|Izquierda Radical Socialista|es}} ("Radical Socialist Left").{{sfn|Cucalón Vela|2016}} By that time he was Master of the Logia Luis Simarro No. 3 in Madrid.{{Sfn|Esteban Barahona|1999|pp=19–20}}
A target of right-wing terrorist groups, he suffered an attempt on his life on 7 April 1936, when a bomb hidden in a basket of eggs exploded in his residence at the calle de Rafael Calvo 12.{{Cite journal|journal=ABC|url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1936/04/08/047.html|date=8 April 1936|title=Estalla una bomba en un piso de la calle de Rafael Calvo, causando daños materiales|page=47|location=Madrid}}{{Sfn|Sánchez Pérez|2015|p=108}}
He was appointed Attorney General of the Republic in December 1936.{{Cite journal|url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1936/12/11/007.html|journal=ABC|page=7|location=Madrid|date=11 December 1936|title=Eduardo Ortega y Gasset, fiscal general de la República}}
Exiled to Venezuela after the end of the Spanish Civil War,{{Cite journal|journal=El País|first=Javier|last=Pradera|url=https://elpais.com/diario/2002/02/19/cultura/1014073207_850215.html|title=Las dianas del arquero|date=19 February 2002}} he died on 25 February 1965 in Caracas.{{Cite journal|date=24 February 1966|title=Esquela|url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1966/02/24/107.html|journal=ABC|location=Madrid|page=107}}
Works
- {{Cite book|last=Ortega y Gasset|author-mask=1|first=Eduardo|year=1935|title=Etiopía. El conflicto italo-abisinio}}{{Sfn|González Aimé|2011|pp=215–217}}
References
;Citations
{{reflist}}
;Bibliography
- {{Cite book|url=http://www.madrid.org/bvirtual/BVCM001646.pdf|author-link=Juan Avilés Farré|first=Juan|last=Avilés Farré|title=La izquierda burguesa y la tragedia de la II República Juan Avilés Farré|location=Madrid|year=2006|isbn=84-451-2881-7|publisher=Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Madrid}}
- {{Cite journal|title=Ejercer el poder con herencias del pasado: el Partido republicano Radical Socialista ante la Segunda República española|first=Diego|last=Cucalón Vela|journal=Cahiers de civilisation espagnole contemporaine|issue=17|year=2016|doi=10.4000/ccec.6331|issn=1957-7761|language=es|doi-access=free}}
- {{Cite journal|last=Esteban Barahona|first=Luis Enrique|year=1999|title=Masones en Guadalajara: una primera aproximación|url=https://ceclmdigital.uclm.es/viewer.vm?id=0001803893&page=1&search=&lang=es&view=revistas|journal=Añil|issue=17|pages=13–20|issn=1133-2263}}
- {{Cite journal|url=https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/677639/RI_16_11.pdf?sequence=1|publisher=Universidad Autónoma de Madrid|location=Madrid|title=Ortega y Gasset, Eduardo, Etiopía. El conflicto italo-abisinio, Ediciones del Viento, Madrid, 2009 [1ª edición 1935]|first=Elsa|last=González Aimé|year=2011|journal=Relaciones Internacionales|issue=16}}
- {{Cite journal|journal=Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos|first=José|last=Lasaga|title=Ortega y Gasset y la Guerra Civil española|year=2014|issue= 774|issn=0011-250X|url=http://www.aecid.es/Centro-Documentacion/Documentos/documentos%20adjuntos/CH_774_diciembre%202014.pdf|location=Madrid|publisher=Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo}}
- {{Cite journal|title=La masonería y la Segunda República española (1931–1939)|first=José María Cayetano|last=Núñez Rivero|journal=Estudios de Deusto|issn=0423-4847|volume=65|issue=1|year=2017|pages=243–270|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/6129171.pdf|publisher=Universidad de Deusto|doi=10.18543/ed-65(1)-2017pp243-270|doi-access=free}}
- {{Cite journal|title=El 'Héroe' frente a la maligna república|url=https://e-revistas.uc3m.es/index.php/HISPNOV/article/view/2868/1551|year=2015|issn=1138-7319|journal=Hispania Nova|first=Francisco|last=Sánchez Pérez|publisher=Universidad Carlos III de Madrid|location=Getafe}}
- {{Cite journal|url=http://hispanianova.rediris.es/7/articulos/7a008.pdf|publisher=Universidad Carlos III de Madrid|location=Getafe|issue=7|year=2007|issn=1138-7319|journal=Hispania Nova|first=Joan|last=Serralonga i Urquidi|title=El aparato provincial durante la Segunda República. Los gobernadores civiles, 1931–1939}}
- {{Cite book|last=Tuñón de Lara|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Tuñón de Lara|title=Historia y realidad del poder (el poder y las élites en el primer tercio de la España del siglo XX)|publisher=Edicusa|year=1967|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iuNJAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA129|location=Madrid}}
- {{Cite journal|first=Manuel María|last=Urrutia León|year=2009|title=Miguel de Unamuno y "España con honra" (1924–1925)|url=http://revistas.usal.es/index.php/0210-749X/article/view/7920|journal=Cuadernos de la Cátedra Miguel de Unamuno|language=es|location=Salamanca|publisher=Universidad de Salamanca|volume=47|issue=1|pages=193–234–234|issn=0210-749X}}
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Category:Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Spanish Restoration
Category:Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
Category:Civil governors of Madrid