Edward Richard Dudley

Dudley was born on March 11, 1911, in South Boston, Virginia, to Edward Richard and Nellie (nee Johnson) Dudley. He graduated with a bachelor of science degree from Johnson C. Smith College in 1932 where he became a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, and then taught school in Gainsboro, Virginia. He studied dentistry for a year on a scholarship at Howard University, and then moved to New York City.

In New York, Dudley worked in odd jobs including stage manager for Orson Welles at a public works theater project. In 1938, he enrolled at St. John's University School of Law, graduating with an LL.B. in 1941. For a brief period he practiced law, entered Democratic politics in Harlem, and was an assistant New York State attorney general in 1942. This position ended when Thomas E. Dewey was elected governor. In 1942, he married Rae Oley. They had a son, Edward R. Dudley III.

In 1943, he joined the N.A.A.C.P. legal team with the encouragement from Thurgood Marshall. As an assistant special counsel, he wrote briefs and prepared cases seeking the admission of black students to Southern colleges, equal pay for black teachers and an end to discrimination in public transportation. He was executive assistant to the governor of the Virgin Islands from 1945 to 1947 while still in his position at the N.A.A.C.P.

In 1948, Dudley was appointed by President Harry S. Truman as minister to Liberia.{{Cite web |date=15 January 1995 |title=The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR EDWARD R. DUDLEY JR |url=https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Dudley-Edward-Richard-1995.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716194403/https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Dudley-Edward-Richard-1995.pdf |archive-date=16 July 2024 |access-date=16 July 2024 |website=Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training}} This position was one of the few that African Americans were sent to. At this time, virtually all Black employees of the State Department were sent to and revolved through certain hardship posts derisively called the "Negro Circuit."{{Cite web |date=2020-06-01 |title=The Legacy of Edward R. Dudley: Civil Rights Activist and the First African American Ambassador |url=https://diplomacy.state.gov/stories/edward-r-dudley-first-african-american-ambassador/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=The National Museum of American Diplomacy |language=en-US}} These positions were always in majority Black areas like Monrovia, Ponta Delgada, and Madagascar. The mission in Monrovia was elevated to an embassy in 1949, making Dudley the first Black ambassador.

In May 1949, Dudley and his staff put together a memorandum which documented the statistics related to African Americans in the State Department, compared to white employees in similar positions. They found that white employees had been transferred more times and to fewer hardship positions. After a meeting with Undersecretary of State, Dean Acheson, Black employees began to be transferred out of Africa.

Returning home in 1953, he practiced law and directed the N.A.A.C.P.'s Freedom Fund. In 1955, New York City's mayor, Robert F. Wagner, Jr., appointed him as justice of the Domestic Relations Court.

Dudley was the borough president of Manhattan from 1961 to 1964. In the New York state election of 1962, he was the Democratic and Liberal candidate for attorney general but was defeated by the Republican incumbent, Louis Lefkowitz. He was a delegate to the 1964 Democratic National Convention. J. Raymond Jones was influential in helping Dudley in New York politics.

In November 1964, Dudley was elected as a justice of the New York State Supreme Court for the First Judicial District (Manhattan and the Bronx), a post he held from 1965 until his retirement in 1985.

Dudley died of prostate cancer in St. Luke's Hospital in Manhattan on February 8, 2005, aged 93. He was survived by his widow, their son, two brothers (Dr. Calmeze Dudley and Dr. Hubert Dudley) and three grandchildren (Kevin, Kyle and Alexandra Dudley).

The Dudley family summered in the SANS community,{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/05/12/archives/impatient-city-judge-edward-r-dudley.html|title = Impatient City Judge|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 12 May 1970|last = McFadden|first = Robert D.}} buying their lot during the 1950s expansion into Sag Harbor Hills.{{Cite web |date=2019-03-11 |title=Historically African-American Sag Harbor Neighborhood Anticipates State Recognition |url=https://www.27east.com/real-estate-news/historically-african-american-sag-harbor-neighborhood-anticipates-state-recognition-1392329/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=27 East |language=en-US}} The community is a historically upper- and middle-class Black neighborhood. The Dudley family still lived in the cottage in 2023.{{Cite web |last=Gusoff |first=Carolyn |date=2023-02-09 |title=Historically Black beach communities on Long Island working to protect area's unique character - CBS New York |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/sag-harbor-hills-azurest-nineveh-subdivisions-long-island-historically-black-beach-communities/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}

In 2022, Dudley was featured in The American Diplomat, a PBS documentary that explores the lives and legacies of three African-American ambassadors during the Cold War.{{Cite web |title=The American Diplomat {{!}} American Experience {{!}} PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/american-diplomat/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=www.pbs.org |language=en}}

• Harlem Clubhouse
• African Americans in foreign policy

• John C. Walker,The Harlem Fox: J. Raymond Jones at Tammany 1920:1970, New York: State University New York Press, 1989.
• Paterson, David "Black, Blind, & In Charge: A Story of Visionary Leadership and Overcoming Adversity." New York, New York, 2020
• David N. Dinkins, A Mayor's Life: Governing New York's Gorgeous Mosaic, PublicAffairs Books, 2013
• Rangel, Charles B.; Wynter, Leon. And I Haven't Had a Bad Day Since: From the Streets of Harlem to the Halls of Congress. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2007.
• Baker Motley, Constance Equal Justice Under The Law: An Autobiography, New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1998.
• Howell, Ron Boss of Black Brooklyn: The Life and Times of Bertram L. Baker Fordham University Press Bronx, New York, 2018
• Jack, Hulan Fifty Years a Democrat:The Autobiography of Hulan Jack New Benjamin Franklin House New York, NY, 1983
• Clayton-Powell, Adam Adam by Adam:The Autobiography of Adam Clayton Powell Jr. New York, New York, 1972
• Pritchett, Wendell E. Robert Clifton Weaver and the American City: The Life and Times of an Urban Reformer Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008
• Davis, Benjamin Communist Councilman from Harlem:Autobiographical Notes Written in a Federal Penitentiary New York, New York, 1969

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_n7_v86/ai_15480320 Diplomats laud first black U.S. ambassador (1994)]
• [https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/com/10906.htm Biodata at U.S. Secretary of State website]
• [http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/dudley.html Profile] at Political Graveyard

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{{succession box|title=Democratic Nominee for New York State Attorney General|before=Peter J. Crotty|after=Frank Sedita|years=1962}}

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Category:Johnson C. Smith University alumni

Category:Howard University alumni

Category:1911 births

Category:2005 deaths

Category:Lawyers from Roanoke, Virginia

Category:People from South Boston, Virginia

Category:New York Supreme Court justices

Category:African-American people in New York (state) politics

Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Liberia

Category:Sag Harbor Hills, Azurest, and Ninevah Beach Subdivisions Historic District

Category:Manhattan borough presidents

Category:St. John's University School of Law alumni

Category:20th-century American lawyers

Category:New York (state) Democrats

Category:African-American diplomats

Category:20th-century American diplomats

Category:20th-century New York (state) state court judges

Category:21st-century African-American people

Category:20th-century African-American lawyers