Edwin Albrecht Uehling
{{Short description|American theoretical physicist (1901–1985)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| image = Edwin Uehling.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1901|1|27}}
| birth_place = Lowell, Wisconsin, United States
| death_date = {{nowr|{{Dath date and age|df=y|1985|3|18|1901|1|27}}}}
| fields = Quantum field theory
| workplaces = University of Washington
| alma_mater = University of Michigan
| doctoral_advisor = George Uhlenbeck
| known_for = Uehling potential
Senko–Uehling–Schmidt theory
}}
Edwin Albrecht Uehling (January 27, 1901 – May 18, 1985){{Cite book|last1=Greiner|first1=Walter|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-662-05246-4|title=Quantum Electrodynamics|last2=Reinhardt|first2=Joachim|date=2003|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|isbn=978-3-540-44029-1|location=Berlin, Heidelberg|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-662-05246-4}} was an American theoretical physicist known for the formulation of the Uehling potential to describe vacuum polarization in quantum electrodynamics. He also worked in condensed matter physics, particularly in the field of ferroelectricity.
Life
After his bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1925, he worked at Bell Telephone Laboratories in radio frequency communication, where he wrote several patents. He received his PhD from the University of Michigan in 1932 on the quantum theory of transport processes,{{Cite journal|last1=Geballe|first1=Ronald|last2=Riedel|first2=Eberhard|last3=Bjorkstam|first3=John|date=1986|title=Edwin Albrecht Uehling|url=http://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.2815058|journal=Physics Today|language=en|volume=39|issue=6|pages=106–108|doi=10.1063/1.2815058|issn=0031-9228|url-access=subscription}} advised by George Uhlenbeck.{{Cite web|title=Uhlenbeck, George Eugène, 1900-1988|url=https://history.aip.org/phn/11610022.html|access-date=2021-07-14|website=history.aip.org}}{{Cite journal|last1=Uehling|first1=E. A.|last2=Uhlenbeck|first2=G. E.|date=1933-04-01|title=Transport Phenomena in Einstein-Bose and Fermi-Dirac Gases. I|url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.43.552|journal=Physical Review|language=en|volume=43|issue=7|pages=552–561|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.43.552|issn=0031-899X|url-access=subscription}} His research lead to his famous paper on vacuum polarization and the formulation of the now-called Uehling potential.{{cite journal|last=Uehling|first=E. A.|year=1935|title=Polarization Effects in the Positron Theory|journal=Physical Review|volume=48|issue=1|pages=55–63|bibcode=1935PhRv...48...55U|doi=10.1103/physrev.48.55}}{{Cite book|last=Schwartz|first=M. D.|title=Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1-107-03473-0|chapter=16}} As described by Uehling theory, the effects of vacuum polarization were later confirmed with the discovery of the Lamb shift in 1947.{{Cite book|last=Schwartz|first=Matthew D.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HbdEAgAAQBAJ&dq=uehling+lamb&pg=PA311|title=Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model|date=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03473-0|language=en}}
After his PhD he left for a ten-month collaboration with Werner Heisenberg in the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Leipzig University. When Uehling returned to the United States, he took a position at RCA Laboratories. In 1934, he went to work with J. Robert Oppenheimer in Berkeley and Pasadena funded by the National Research Council.
During World War II, Uehling was recruited as a member of the antisubmarine warfare operations research group of the Tenth Fleet. He was awarded the President's Certificate of Merit by the United States government in early 1947 for his scientific contributions to the team during the war.
Uehling was also interested in condensed matter physics, nuclear magnetic resonance and ferroelectrics. He codeveloped the Senko–Uehling–Schmidt theoryNamed after Michael E. Senko, V. Hugo Schmidt and Uehling. of ferroelectricity to describe monopotassium phosphate ({{Chem|KH2PO4}}).{{Cite journal|last=Uehling|first=E.A.|date=1963|title=Theories of Ferroelectricity in KH2PO4|journal=Lecture in Theoretical Physics|publication-place=New York|volume=5|pages=138–217}}{{Cite journal|last=Senko|first=Michael E.|date=1961-03-15|title=Order-Disorder Model Theory for the Ferroelectric Effect in the Dihydrogen Phosphates|url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.121.1599|journal=Physical Review|language=en|volume=121|issue=6|pages=1599–1604|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.121.1599|issn=0031-899X|url-access=subscription}}{{Cite journal|last1=Silsbee|first1=Henry B.|last2=Uehling|first2=Edwin A.|last3=Schmidt|first3=V. Hugo|date=1964-01-06|title=Deuteron Intrabond Motion and Ferroelectricity in K D 2 P O 4|url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.133.A165|journal=Physical Review|language=en|volume=133|issue=1A|pages=A165–A170|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.133.A165|issn=0031-899X|url-access=subscription}}
He worked in the University of Washington since 1936, he formally retired in 1971, but continued to work as emeritus professor until 1984. He was elected in 1941 a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He was a Guggenheim Fellow for the academic year 1955–1956.{{cite web|title=Edwin A. Uehling|website=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation|url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/edwin-a-uehling/}}
During post-war related tensions and the investigations of espionage related to the Manhattan Project, president of the University of Washington Henry Schmitz denied professorship to Oppenheimer in 1954.{{Cite journal|last=Sanders|first=Jane A.|date=1979|title=The University of Washington and the Controversy over J. Robert Oppenheimer|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40489791|journal=The Pacific Northwest Quarterly|volume=70|issue=1|pages=8–19|jstor=40489791|issn=0030-8803}} Uehling, then the chairman of the physics department, tried various times to revert the president decision. Uehling appealed to the university senate with a speech on academic freedom. The university committee ruled against the university president and Oppenheimer was allowed lectureship. Schmitz later apologized to Oppenheimer in 1956.
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Category:20th-century American physicists
Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni