Effective torque

Effective torque (often referred to as wheel torque or torque to the wheels) is a concept primarily associated with automotive tuning. Torque can be measured using a dynamometer. Common units used in automotive applications can include foot-pounds and Newton·meters.{{Cite web|title=The formula for the effective torque|url=https://mag.ebmpapst.com/en/industries/drives/the-formula-for-the-effective-torque_13054/|date=September 2018|access-date=2021-09-12|website=mag - The Magazine by ebm-papst|language=en,de}}

The formula for effective torque to the wheels is:{{Cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Cheng-Yu|last2=Zhang|first2=Qing-Jie|last3=Lu|first3=Wei|date=2016-11-01|title=The effective torque on patchy spheres nearby a flat substrate induced by infinitely thin rods with adsorptive ends|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00268976.2016.1219780|journal=Molecular Physics|volume=114|issue=21|pages=3127–3133|doi=10.1080/00268976.2016.1219780|bibcode=2016MolPh.114.3127Z |issn=0026-8976|access-date=2024-11-15|url-access=subscription}}

Tw = Te * N{{sub|tf}} * η{{sub|tf}}

N{{sub|tf}} = N{{sub|t}} * N{{sub|f}}

η{{sub|tf}} = η{{sub|t}} * η{{sub|f}}

... where Tw is wheel torque, Te is engine torque, N is the gear ratio, η is the efficiency, and the subscripts t and f are for the gearbox and differential, respectively.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} Effective torque is often 5-15% lower than the shaft or crank ratings of an engine due to drivetrain losses.