Efrapeptin

File:Efrapeptin F.svg

Efrapeptins are peptides produced by fungi in the genus Tolypocladium that have antifungal, insecticidal, and mitochondrial ATPase inhibitory activities.{{cite journal | doi = 10.1007/BF00992580| pmid = 24258490| title = Identification and directed biosynthesis of efrapeptins in the fungus Tolypocladium geodes gams (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes)| journal = Journal of Chemical Ecology| volume = 17| issue = 10| pages = 1953–1962| year = 1991| last1 = Krasnoff| first1 = Stuart B| last2 = Gupta| first2 = Sandeep| bibcode = 1991JCEco..17.1953K| s2cid = 6464931}} They are produced via a biosynthetic pathway similar to, but simpler than, the ciclosporin pathway with nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) and/or polyketide synthase (PKS) being the key elements.{{cite journal |last1=Bushley |first1=Kathryn E. |last2=Raja |first2=Rajani |last3=Jaiswal |first3=Pankaj |last4=Cumbie |first4=Jason S. |last5=Nonogaki |first5=Mariko |last6=Boyd |first6=Alexander E. |last7=Owensby |first7=C. Alisha |last8=Knaus |first8=Brian J. |last9=Elser |first9=Justin |last10=Miller |first10=Daniel |last11=Di |first11=Yanming |last12=McPhail |first12=Kerry L. |last13=Spatafora |first13=Joseph W. |last14=Heitman |first14=Joseph |title=The Genome of Tolypocladium inflatum: Evolution, Organization, and Expression of the Cyclosporin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster |journal=PLOS Genetics |date=20 June 2013 |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=e1003496 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1003496 |pmid=23818858|pmc=3688495 |doi-access=free }}

The amino acid sequences of efrapeptins are:{{cn|date=March 2023}}

:Efrapeptin F: Ac-Pip-Aib-Pip-Aib-Aib-Leu-bAla-Gly-Aib-Aib-Pip-Aib-Ala-Leu-Iva-Unk

:Efrapeptin G: Ac-Pip-Aib-Pip-Iva-Aib-Leu-bAla-Gly-Aib-Aib-Pip-Aib-Ala-Leu-Iva-Unk

::Aib: 2-methylalanine; Iva: 2-ethylalanine; Unk: does not match to a known amino acid