Egrisi Range
{{Short description|Mountain range in Caucasia}}
{{Infobox mountain range
| photo= Tobavarchkhili.jpg
| photo_caption= Egrisi Range with Tobavarchkhili Lake in the foreground
| map=Georgia Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti#Georgia
| country={{flag|Georgia}}
| region_type=
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| parent=Caucasus Mountains
| border=
| length_km=62
| length_orientation=
| width_km=37
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| highest=
| elevation_m=3226
|coordinates =
|range_coordinates = {{coord|42|42|30|N|42|36|42|E|type:mountain|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| geology= | period= | orogeny=
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Egrisi Range ({{lang-ka|ეგრისის ქედი}}), also known as the Samegrelo Range (სამეგრელოს ქედი) or the Odishi Range (ოდიშის ქედი), is an east–west mountain range that runs parallel to the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range in the Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region of Georgia. The Range is connected to the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range via the Svaneti Range. The length of the Egrisi Range is {{convert|62|km|mi|abbr=off}} and the width is {{convert|37|km|mi|abbr=off}}. The Range is bounded by the Tskhenistsqali River Valley to the east and the Enguri River Valley to the west.{{cite book |editor1-last=Tielidze |editor1-first=Levan |title=Geomorphology of Georgia |date=2018 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319777641 |pages=130–132}}{{cite book |last1=Maruashvili |first1=L. |script-title=ka:ქართული საბჭოთა ენციკლოპედია, ტ. 4 [Georgian Encyclopaedia, Vol. 4] |date=1979 |location=Tbilisi |page=26 |language=ka |chapter=ეგრისის ქედი [Egrisi Range]}}
The highest point of the Egrisi Range is Mount Chitagvala which rises to an elevation of {{convert|3226|meters|ft|abbr=off}} above sea level.{{cite web |url=http://www.mountains.ge/mountain/view/39 |work=Mountains in Georgia|title=ჭითაგვალა|access-date=14 November 2021 |language=ka|trans-title=Chitagvala |last1=Janiashvili |first1=Mikheil }} Peaks that exceed {{convert|3000|meters|ft|abbr=off}} in elevation include Tsalmagi, Tekhurishdudi, Lakumurashdudi, Didghalidudi, Otepura and others. The name of the range is derived from the early medieval Georgian region of Egrisi, roughly equivalent to the Colchis of Classical Antiquity.
Geology
Most of the Egrisi Range is composed of porphyritic rock that dates back to the Jurassic Age. The southern periphery of the Range consists of Triassic limestones. There are many karst massives and caves in this portion of the Mountains. There are small glaciers and traces (remnants) of old glaciers at the highest elevations of the Range. The glacial lake Tobavarchkhili is located at an elevation of {{convert|2643|meters|ft|abbr=off}} above sea level. Other lakes include Okhoja and Didi Tobavarchkhili.
Climate
The southern slopes receive precipitation in excess of {{convert|2000|mm|in|abbr=off}} per year, with some of the higher peaks receiving precipitation that exceeds {{convert|3000|mm|in|abbr=off}}. The northern slopes of the Egrisi Range receive {{convert|1500-2000|mm|in|abbr=off}} of annual precipitation. Most of the mountains are covered by significant amounts of snow in the colder months. Many locations reach snow depths of {{convert|2|meters|ft|abbr=off}} or more, with the highest elevations of the Range recording snow depths in the {{convert|3-5|meter|ft|abbr=on}} range.
In the center of the Range near the head of the Tekhuri river at an elevation of 1600 meters is the Lebarde balneological resort. It was originally set up in the Soviet era, but has since been more or less abandoned, operating with limited infrastructure. In 2019 a new road leading to Lebarde was announced for further development of the area with sanatoriums, hotels and ropeways.{{cite web |url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2019/1512 |work=Agenda.ge| title=New road to give access to semi-abandoned spa resort of Lebarde, Georgia|date=11 June 2019|access-date=14 November 2021}}{{cite web |url=https://publika.ge/article/safrtkhe-biomravalferovnebistvis-schirdeba-tu-ara-lebardes-sabagiro-gza/ |work=Publika|title=საფრთხე ბიომრავალფეროვნებისთვის - სჭირდება თუ არა ლებარდეს საბაგირო გზა|date=12 February 2020|access-date=14 November 2021 |language=ka|trans-title=Threat to Biodiversity - Does Lebarde Need a Rope?}}
Vegetation
The slopes of the Egrisi Range are mainly covered by Colchian Deciduous forests consisting of oak, beech, chestnut and hornbeam up to an elevation of {{convert|1200|meters|ft|abbr=off}} above sea level. Coniferous forests that are made up of Nordmann Fir and Oriental Spruce take over from {{convert|1200|meters|ft|abbr=off}} and reach elevations of {{convert|2100|meters|ft|abbr=off}} above sea level. The endemic and endangered Megrelian birch (Betula megrelica) grows in a few locations in the mountains. A significant portion of Georgia's temperate rain forests are located within the Egrisi Range. The highest reaches of the Range are covered by subalpine and alpine meadows.
References
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