Ehime Prefecture

{{Short description|Prefecture of Japan}}

{{Redirect|Ehime|the school ship|Ehime Maru and USS Greeneville collision}}

{{More citations needed|date=October 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Ehime Prefecture

| native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ja|愛媛県}}}}

| settlement_type = Prefecture

| translit_lang1 = Japanese

| translit_lang1_type = Japanese

| translit_lang1_info = {{lang|ja|愛媛県}}

| translit_lang1_type1 = Rōmaji

| translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ja-Latn|Ehime-ken}}

| image_skyline = {{multiple image

| border = infobox

| total_width = 290

| image_style = border:1;

| perrow = 1/2/2/1

| image1 = Isidutisan20220226 1.jpg

| caption1 = View of Mount Ishizuchi

| image2 = Dogo Onsen 2017-04-05 (34099934150).jpg

| caption2 = Dogo Onsen

| image3 = Matsuyama Castle Keep Tower 20170123-1.jpg

| caption3 = Matsuyama Castle

| image4 = Tensyaen20210406 12.jpg

| caption4 = Uwajima Tensya Garden

| image5 = Tounaru 20230526 3.jpg

| caption5 = Besshi copper mine heritage site

| image6 = Godankougen05.jpg

| caption6 = Shikoku Karst (Godan Plateau)

}}

| image_caption =

| image_flag = Flag of Ehime Prefecture.svg

| flag_size = 100px

| image_blank_emblem = Emblem of Ehime prefecture.svg

| blank_emblem_size = 80px

| blank_emblem_type = Emblem

| image_map = Map of Japan with highlight on 38 Ehime prefecture.svg

| coordinates = {{Coord|33|50|N|132|50|E|region:JP-38_scale:500000|display=inline, title}}

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = Japan

| subdivision_type1 = Region

| subdivision_name1 = Shikoku

| subdivision_type2 = Island

| subdivision_name2 = Shikoku

| seat_type = Capital

| seat = Matsuyama

| parts_type = Subdivisions

| parts_style = para

| p1 = Districts: 7

| p2 = Municipalities: 20

| leader_title = Governor

| leader_name = Tokihiro Nakamura (since December 2010)

| area_total_km2 = 5,676.23

| area_water_percent =

| area_rank = 26th

| population_footnotes =

| population_total = 1,334,841

| population_as_of = October 1, 2020

| population_rank = 28th

| population_density_km2 = auto

| demographics_type2 = GDP

| demographics2_footnotes = {{Cite web |title=2020年度国民経済計算(2015年基準・2008SNA) : 経済社会総合研究所 - 内閣府 |url=https://www.esri.cao.go.jp/jp/sna/data/data_list/kakuhou/files/2020/2020_kaku_top.html |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=内閣府ホームページ |language=ja}}

| demographics2_title1 = Total

| demographics2_info1 = JP¥5,148 billion
US$47.2 billion (2019)

| iso_code = JP-38

| website = {{URL|https://www.pref.ehime.jp/index-e.html}}

| module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes

| country = Japan

| bird = Japanese robin (Erithacus akahige)

| fish = Red sea bream (Pagrus major)

| flower = Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu){{cite web|script-title=ja:愛媛県の紹介 > 愛媛県のシンボル |url=http://www.pref.ehime.jp/shokai/sinboru.html |work=Ehime prefectural website |publisher=Ehime Prefecture |access-date=9 September 2011 |language=ja |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109163141/http://www.pref.ehime.jp/shokai/sinboru.html |archive-date=9 January 2008 }}

| tree = Pine (Pinus)

| mammal = Japanese river otter ("Lutra lutra whiteleyi"){{Cite web|url=http://extinct-animals-facts.com/Recently-Extinct-Animal-Facts/Extinct-Japanese-River-Otter-Facts.html|title=Japanese River Otter Facts}}

}}

| anthem = Ehime no uta

}}

{{Nihongo|Ehime Prefecture|愛媛県|Ehime-ken|{{IPA|ja|eꜜ.çi.me, e.çi.meꜜ.keɴ}}{{cite book|script-title=ja:NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典|publisher=NHK Publishing|editor=NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute|date=24 May 2016|lang=ja}}}} is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Shikoku.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Ehime" in {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|Japan Encyclopedia, p. 170|page=170}}. Ehime Prefecture has a population of 1,334,841{{cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/ehime/ |title= Ehime Population}} and a geographic area of 5,676 km2 (2,191 sq mi). Ehime Prefecture borders Kagawa Prefecture to the northeast, Tokushima Prefecture to the east, and Kōchi Prefecture to the southeast.

Matsuyama is the capital and largest city of Ehime Prefecture and the largest city on Shikoku, with other major cities including Imabari, Niihama, and Saijō.Nussbaum, "Matsuyama" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 621|page=621}}.

Notable past Ehime residents include three Nobel Prize winners: Kenzaburo Oe (1994 Nobel Prize in Literature), Shuji Nakamura (2014 Nobel Prize in Physics), and Syukuro Manabe (2021 Nobel Prize in Physics).

History

{{See also|Historic Sites of Ehime Prefecture}}

Until the Meiji Restoration, Ehime Prefecture was known as Iyo Province.Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures" at {{Google books|p2QnPijAEmEC|p. 780|page=780}}. Since before the Heian period, the area was dominated by fishermen and sailors who played an important role in defending Japan against pirates and Mongolian invasions.

After the Battle of Sekigahara, the Tokugawa shōgun gave the area to his allies, including Katō Yoshiaki who built Matsuyama Castle, forming the basis for the modern city of Matsuyama.

The name Ehime comes from the kuniumi part of the Kojiki where Iyo Province is mythologically named Ehime, "lovely princess".Chamberlain, Basil Hall. 1882. A translation of the "Ko-ji-ki" or Records of ancient matters. [http://www.sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj012.htm section V]

In 2012, a research group from the University of Tokyo and Ehime University said they had discovered rare earth deposits in Matsuyama.{{cite web|title=Japan Discovers Domestic Rare Earths Reserve|url=http://www.brightwire.com/news/207869-japan-discovers-domestic-rare-earths-reserve|publisher=BrightWire|access-date=2012-05-10|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723024000/http://www.brightwire.com/news/207869-japan-discovers-domestic-rare-earths-reserve|archive-date=2012-07-23|url-status=dead}}

Geography

Located in the northwestern part of Shikoku, Ehime faces the Seto Inland Sea to the north and is bordered by Kagawa and Tokushima in the east and Kōchi in the south.

The prefecture includes both high mountains in the inland region and a long coastline, with many islands in the Seto Inland Sea. The westernmost arm of Ehime, the Sadamisaki Peninsula, is the narrowest peninsula in Japan.

As of 31 March 2020, 7 percent of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Ashizuri-Uwakai and Setonaikai National Parks; Ishizuchi Quasi-National Park; and Hijikawa, Kinshako, Okudōgo Tamagawa, Sadamisaki Hantō-Uwakai, Saragamine Renpō, Sasayama, and Shikoku Karst Prefectural Natural Parks.{{cite web |url=https://www.env.go.jp/park/doc/data/natural/naturalpark_4.pdf |script-title=ja:自然公園都道府県別面積総括 |trans-title=General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture |language=ja |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |date=31 March 2020 |access-date=23 September 2020}}

=Cities=

File:Ehime prefecture population pyramid 2020.svg

{{See also|List of cities in Ehime Prefecture by population}}File:Map of Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg

Image:Views from Matsuyama Castle (Iyo) in 2010-9-6 No,3.JPG

Image:Uwajima City view.JPGImage:Ehime Prefectural Government Office 20241205 001.jpg

Eleven cities are located in Ehime Prefecture:

class="wikitable sortable"

! colspan="2" |Name

! rowspan="2" |Area (km2)

! rowspan="2" |Population (2020){{cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/japan/ehime/ |title= Ehime Population}}

! rowspan="2" |Map

Rōmaji

!Kanji

File:Flag of Imabari, Ehime.svg Imabari

|今治市

|419.56

|151,672

|File:Imabari in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg

File:Flag of Iyo, Ehime.svg Iyo

|伊予市

|194.44

|35,133

|File:Ehime-iyo-city.svg

File:Flag of Matsuyama, Ehime.svg Matsuyama (capital)

|松山市

|429.4

|511,192

|File:Ehime-matsuyama-city.svg

File:Flag of Niihama, Ehime.svg Niihama

|新居浜市

|234.3

|115,938

|File:Niihama in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg

File:Flag of Ōzu, Ehime.svg Ōzu

|大洲市

|432.24

|40,575

|File:Ozu in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg

File:Flag of Saijō, Ehime.svg Saijō

|西条市

|509.07

|104,791

|File:Saijo in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg

File:Flag of Seiyo, Ehime.svg Seiyo

|西予市

|514.78

|35,388

|File:Seiyo in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg

File:Flag of Shikokuchūō, Ehime.svg Shikokuchūō

|四国中央市

|421.24

|82,754

|File:Ehime-shikokuchuo-city.svg

File:Flag of Tōon, Ehime.svg Tōon

|東温市

|211.45

|33,903

|File:Toon in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg

File:Flag of Uwajima, Ehime.svg Uwajima

|宇和島市

|469.48

|70,809

|File:Uwajima in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg

File:Flag of Yawatahama, Ehime.svg Yawatahama

|八幡浜市

|133.03

|31,987

|File:Yawatahama in Ehime Prefecture Ja.svg

=Towns and villages=

=Mergers=

{{main|List of mergers in Ehime Prefecture}}

Former districts:

Economy

File:Iyokan on tree.jpg

The coastal areas around Imabari and Saijō host a number of industries, including dockyards of Japan's largest shipbuilder, Imabari Shipbuilding. Chemical industries, oil refining, paper and cotton textile products also are a feature of the prefecture. Rural areas mostly engage in agricultural and fishing industries, and are particularly known for citrus fruits such as mikan (mandarin orange), iyokan and cultured pearls.

Ikata Nuclear Power Plant produces a large portion of Shikoku Electric Power.{{Citation needed|reason=Presentation of the material on the grounds|date=October 2018}}

Education

{{div col}}

=Universities and colleges=

==National==

==Prefectural==

==Private==

=Senior high schools=

==Prefectural==

Sports

File:EhimePreParkStadium130811-3.JPG.]]

The sports teams listed below are based in Ehime.

Association football:

Baseball:

Basketball:

Culture

The oldest extant hot spring in Japan, Dōgo Onsen, is located in Matsuyama. It has been used for over two thousand years.

These are television shows and movies set in Ehime Prefecture.

There are major festivals in Ehime Prefecture.

  • Uwajima Ushi-oni Festival is held for three days, with a parade of many Ushi-oni walking around the city, a traditional Uwajima dance, a fireworks display, and a run on the final day.
  • Niihama Taiko Festival is the autumn festival in Niihama. The drum stand is lifted by about 150 men. It is one of the three biggest fight festivals in Japan.
  • The Matsuyama Autumn Festival includes a mikoshi event called Hachiawase (鉢合わせ) which takes place near Dōgo Onsen and Isaniwa Shrine.

=Hot springs=

These are several hot springs (onsen) in Ehime Prefecture.

  • Dōgo Onsen appears in the Nihon Shoki. This Hot Spring has three public baths: the main building, Tsubaki no Yu, and Asuka no Yu.
  • Sora to Mori is a combined warm bath facility. There are hot springs, restaurants, and body care.
  • Nibukawa Onsen is a hot spring located in Imabari. The source originates from the crevices of the Inugawa Valley in this hot spring town.

=Language=

Iyo dialect is a Japanese dialect spoken in Ehime Prefecture. Nanyo is influenced by the Kyushu dialect, and Chuyo and Toyo are influenced by the Kinki dialect.

=Museums=

Transport

=Railway=

=Road=

==Expressway==

==National highways==

  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|11}}
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|33}} (Matsuyama-Kōchi)
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|56}} (Matsuyama-Iyo-Uwajima-Sukumo-Susaki-Kōchi)
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|192}} (Saijyo-Shikokuchūō-Yoshinogawa-Tokushima)
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|194}}
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|196}}
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|197}}
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|317}} (Matsuyama-Imabari-Onomichi)
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|319}}
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|320}}
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|378}}
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|380}}
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|437}}
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|440}}
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|441}}
  • {{jct|country=JPN|Route|494}} (Matsuyama-Niyodogawa-Susaki)

=Ports=

  • Kawanoe Port
  • Niihama Port - Ferry route to Osaka
  • Toyo Port - Ferry route to Osaka
  • Imabari Port - Ferry route to Innoshima, Hakata Island, and international container hub port
  • Matsuyama Port - Ferry route to Kitakyushu, Yanai, Hiroshima, Kure, and international container hub port
  • Yawatahama Port - Ferry route to Beppu, Usuki
  • Misaki Port - Ferry route to Oita
  • Uwajima Port

=Airport=

{{Div col end}}

Notable people

International relations

Ehime Prefecture is making use of its long tradition of involvement with people overseas through international exchanges in areas such as the economy, culture, sports and education.{{cite web |title=International exchange activated with globalization|publisher=Ehime Prefecture|url=http://www.pref.ehime.jp/h30100/global/industry/grobal.html|access-date=2018-10-27}}

Notes

{{Reflist}}

References

  • Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC Japan encyclopedia.] Cambridge: Harvard University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58053128?referer=di&ht=edition OCLC 58053128]