El Segundo Barrio

El Segundo Barrio has been the "starting point for thousands of families" coming from Mexico since the 1880s.{{Cite news|url = http://borderzine.com/2011/05/segundo-barrio-a-living-history-lesson/|title = Segundo Barrio: A 'Living History' Lesson|last = Cornejo|first = Azenett|date = 27 May 2011|work = Borderzine|access-date = 23 February 2016}} It is the second historic neighborhood of El Paso, the first being Barrio Chihuahuita.{{Cite web|url=http://pasodels.ipower.com/historia/Intro.html |title=Introduction |access-date=23 February 2016 |website=Paso Del Sur Group }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The railroad arrived in El Paso in 1881, and afterwards, the population of El Paso grew quickly.

The first resident of Segundo Barrio was a campesino, or farm worker, named Santiago Alvarado, who received a Mexican land grant to farm the area in 1834.

During the Mexican Revolution, many people fled the country, immigrating into El Segundo Barrio. Wealthier migrants continued north, while the poor remained in the barrio. Revolutionaries, spies and journalists lived in Segundo Barrio during the revolution. Francisco Madero lived in different houses in the neighborhood while he was working on a plan to defeat Porfirio Díaz.{{cite news |title=Eminent Disaster - The Texas Observer |url=https://www.texasobserver.org/2483-eminent-disaster-a-cabal-of-politicians-and-profiteers-targets-an-el-paso-barrio/ |access-date=14 September 2018 |work=The Texas Observer |date=4 May 2007}} Pancho Villa also visited El Segundo Barrio, eating ice cream at the local Elite Confectionary.

In the 1930s, the barrio was overcrowded, with residents living in presidios or tenements. Progress on upgrading housing had still not been improved by the 1950s. In the 1950s, it was recorded that there were still "more than 12,000 substandard dwelling units in the area, an average of seven families per toilet, with an average of ten persons per family."{{Cite book|title = El Paso: A Borderlands History|last = Timmons|first = W.H.|publisher = Texas Western Press|year = 1990|isbn = 0874042070|location = El Paso, Texas|pages = 250–251}}

In the 1960s, the city finally made improvements to Segundo Barrio, paving and lighting streets. The Rio Grande, which did not flow in a regular channel was eventually routed through a cement channel in the 1960s.{{Cite book|title = A Place in El Paso: A Mexican-American Childhood|last = Lopez-Stafford|first = Gloria|publisher = University of New Mexico Press|year = 1996|isbn = 9780826317094|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kt-p0Y2Kk1AC&dq=%22segundo%20barrio%22%20el%20paso&pg=PA7}} Land containing tenements on the El Paso side was given up to create the channel.

July 1967 saw a tragic fire that destroyed a tenement building which had no fire escapes.{{Cite book|title = Freedom is Not Enough: The War on Poverty and the Civil Rights Movement in Texas|last = Clayson|first = William S.|publisher = University of Texas Press|year = 2010|isbn = 9780292782594|pages = 77–78|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hvhhKRI-pNgC&dq=%22segundo%20barrio%22%20el%20paso&pg=PT97}} Three children died in the fire. People were mobilized by the tragedy of the fire and began to protest, first starting at the El Sagrado Corazon Catholic Church and then moving on to City Hall. The protests had the effect of scaring local officials and spurred a conference held at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), to "study the social, economic, and political conditions of south El Paso." A local activist, José Aguilar, created a program called the Mexican-American Committee on Honor, Opportunity, and Service (MACHOS), which required that members live in Segundo Barrio and which advocated on behalf of residents for improved living conditions.

File:EL PASO'S SECOND WARD, A CHICANO NEIGHBORHOOD - NARA - 545331.jpg for the National Archives, 1972.]]

In the 1980s, Segundo Barrio was considered a "rough neighborhood."{{Cite news|url = http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=6XN200006181204&site=ehost-live|title = Profile: Summer Camp in El Paso, Texas|last = Hansen|first = Liane|date = 18 June 2000|work = Weekend Edition Sunday (NPR)|access-date = 23 February 2016|via = EBSCO|url-access=subscription }}

Flooding in 2006 affected Segundo Barrio. The area was evacuated temporarily in August 2006.{{Cite news|url = https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1089488481.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171604/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1089488481.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 28 December 2017|title = City Institutes Mandatory Evacuation For Precautionary Measures|date = 3 August 2006|work = US Fed News Service|access-date = 23 February 2016}} A historic building which dated from 1910, the Casitas del Norte Apartments were damaged by the flooding and subsequently renovated by the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG).{{Cite news|url = https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-255512123.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171228171628/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-255512123.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 28 December 2017|title = Federal Funding Used to Rebuild Apartments for Low Income Families in Segundo Barrio Damaged by 2006 Floods|date = 29 April 2011|work = States News Service|access-date = 23 February 2016 }}

In 2010, the City of El Paso devised a Neighborhood Revitalization Strategy.{{Cite web|url = https://www.elpasotexas.gov/~/media/files/coep/community%20and%20human%20development/elsegundobarrio_neighrevitalizationstrategy.ashx?la=en|title = El Segundo Barrio - Neighborhood Revitalization Strategy|access-date = 23 February 2016|website = City of El Paso|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150619231053/http://www.elpasotexas.gov/~/media/files/coep/community%20and%20human%20development/elsegundobarrio_neighrevitalizationstrategy.ashx?la=en|archive-date = 19 June 2015}} The strategy was known locally as "El Plan," and was written up initially by the Paso del Norte Group. The plan was intended to help "address El Segundo's substandard housing as well as its high levels of unemployment," however, the plan also advised demolishing many historic and important cultural buildings. The City would use eminent domain to take property in Segundo Barrio. Approximately 168 acres were slated to be destroyed and about 157 acres would be designated as historic areas. The public was furious, creating a group called Land Grab Opponents of El Paso.{{Cite news|url = https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/01/el-paso-urban-walkable-americans/431661/|title = El Paso Is Learning That Not Everyone Hates Sprawl|last = Semuels|first = Alana|date = 28 January 2016|work = The Atlantic|access-date = 23 February 2016}} The outcry against destroying buildings in Segundo Barrio caused the city to change its plans.

Segundo Barrio is bounded by Paisano Drive, Cesar Chavez Border Highway, Cotton Street and South Mesa Street.

Due to historic flooding from the Rio Grande, the curbs of the oldest streets in El Segundo Barrio are still "raised a foot or more."

Businesses in Segundo Barrio make "roughly half a billion dollars in business a year."

File:Segundo Barrio alleyway.jpg

Historically and currently, most residents of Segundo Barrio are farm workers. Segundo Barrio was one of the poorest zip codes in the country for "many years." Today, there is still a low median income in Segundo Barrio.{{Cite web

| url = http://www.city-data.com/neighborhood/Segundo-Barrio-El-Paso-TX.html

| title = Segundo Barrio neighborhood in El Paso, Texas (TX), 79901 detailed profile

| website = City Data

| access-date = 24 February 2016

}}

Segundo Barrio is part of District 8 in the City of El Paso.{{Cite web|url = http://gis.elpasotexas.gov/districting/index.html|title = City of El Paso Representative Districts|access-date = 24 February 2016|website = City of El Paso}} Currently, the district is represented by Cissy Lizarraga.{{Cite web|url = https://www.elpasotexas.gov/district-8|title = District 8|access-date = 24 February 2016|website = City of El Paso}}

The first school in the area was the Sacred Heart School, which opened in 1892.{{Cite web|url=http://jesuits.org/Parish-Center-Detail?TN=CODE-20130730020720|title=Sacred Heart Parish|website=Jesuits|access-date=23 February 2016}} The school was founded by Father Carlos M. Pinto, who was also known as "The Apostle of El Paso."

In general, the El Paso School Board did not allow children who did not speak English to enroll in public schools and so "Mexican preparatory schools" were created instead.{{Sfn|Perales|2010|p=49}} The first schools in the neighborhood were created by Olives Villanueva Aoy, a member of =The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who opened an escuelita (little school) 1887 with his own money and started teaching in both English and Spanish.{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fao01|title=Aoy, Olives Villanueva|last=Bryson|first=Conrey|date=9 June 2010|website=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|access-date=25 April 2017}} Aoy also helped provide food, clothing and medical assistance. He also provided his own seats, books and blackboards.{{Cite journal|last1=Terrazas|first1=Teresa|last2=Guillen|first2=Monica|date=2000|editor-last=Ansalmo|editor-first=Christine|title=Enigmatic Olivas Aoy Began School for Mexican Children|url=http://epcc.libguides.com/content.php?pid=309255&sid=2583777|journal=Borderlands|volume=19}} The El Paso school board took it over in 1888 and renamed it the Mexican Preparatory School. The board appointed Aoy as the principal of the preparatory school and given two assistants. Later, Aoy was given another building to use for teaching in 1891. Later, in 1899 the School Board built a six-room school, named Aoy School, in the center of the neighborhood.{{Sfn|Garcia|1981|p=132}} The new school had the largest enrollment of students in any El Paso school in 1900, with 500 students enrolled.

The superintendent of schools in 1913 was supportive of the generally unpopular idea of improving and creating schools in Chihuahuita.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10512595/|title=Back Up This Man|date=26 September 1913|work=El Paso Herald|access-date=24 April 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} Also in 1913, the suggestion of compulsory school attendance was brought up.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10516420/|title=Grand Jury Suggests the Abolition of Reservation|date=3 May 1913|work=El Paso Herald|access-date=24 April 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} In 1915, the El Paso Herald was advocating for the creation of schools in the area.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10510655/|title=Just the Truth – That's All|date=4 February 1915|work=El Paso Herald|access-date=24 April 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} Around 3,000 mostly Spanish-speaking children were not being educated at the time because there were not enough schools in the area. The schools that existed had as many as 120 students to a room. Plans to save money for schools in 1919 included cutting the amount of class time for students by teaching first graders in Chihuahuita and other "Mexican" parts of town half days instead of full days.{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10515826/|title=Education Among the Mexicans Should Be Extended, Not Reduced|date=26 May 1919|work=El Paso Herald|access-date=24 April 2017|via=Newspapers.com}} The public schools, Alamo School and Bowie High School opened in 1923.

The public is served by the Armijo Library, part of the El Paso Public Library system.{{Cite web

| url = http://www.elpasolibrary.org/locations/armijo-branch

| title = Armijo Library

| website = El Paso Public Library

| publisher = City of El Paso

| access-date = 24 February 2016

}}

In 1921, the Methodist Church in El Paso built the Freeman Clinic. The clinic had ties to the Rose Gregory Houchen Settlement House.{{Cite book|title = Latina Issues: Fragments of Historia(ella) (Herstory)|last = Lopez|first = Antoinette Sedillo|publisher = Routledge|year = 1999|isbn = 9780815334064|pages = 35–37|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IAfWohry2IYC&dq=%22segundo%20barrio%22%20el%20paso&pg=PA57}} Freemen Clinic was geared towards well-baby exams, and prenatal care. The emphasis on infant health was due to the "alarmingly high" rate of infant mortality during the time.{{Cite book

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1uc38tWiBWAC&dq=%22segundo%20barrio%22%20el%20paso&pg=PR1

| title = From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth-Century America

| last = Ruiz

| first = Vicki L.

| publisher = Oxford University Press

| year = 2008

| isbn = 9780199705450

| edition = Tenth Anniversary

| pages = 33–38

}} Later, the Freeman Clinic was demolished in 1937 in order to open a twenty-two bed hospital, the Newark Methodist Maternity Hospital.

Centro De Salud Familiar La Fe provides healthcare through clinics in the area.{{Cite web|url = http://www.lafe-ep.org/|title = Welcome To La Fe|access-date = 23 February 2016|website = La Fe}}

For many years, the only playground in Segundo Barrio was part of the Rose Gregory Houchen Settlement House program.

File:Segundo Barrio 1975.jpg

El Segundo Barrio has many Chicana/o murals within the neighborhood by prominent local artists like Jesus "Cimi" Alvarado, Lxs Dos, and Martin "Blaster" Zubia.{{Cite book |url=https://www.calameo.com/read/007252506d8aa564ad8b7 |title=El Segundo Barrio Murals |publisher=Visit El Paso |type=brochure}}{{Dead link|date=August 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} Most of the murals were created through "informal arrangements" and the murals were called an "outdoor museum of the border proletariat" by The New York Times.{{Cite news|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/16/travel/in-houston-dallas-and-el-paso-texas-three-ways.html?_r=0|title = Texas, 3 Ways|last = Draper|first = Robert|date = 14 November 2014|work = The New York Times|access-date = 23 February 2016}}

In 2006, a "museum without walls," called Museo Urbano, brought events and workshops to El Segundo Barrio.{{Cite web|url = http://www.sitesofconscience.org/members/museo-urbano/|title = University of Texas at El Paso - Borderlands Public History Lab|access-date = 23 February 2016|website = International Coalition of Sites of Conscience|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150327221020/http://www.sitesofconscience.org/members/museo-urbano/|archive-date = 27 March 2015|url-status = dead}} Museo Urbano evolved into a public history project in conjunction with the Department of History at UTEP.{{Cite web|url = http://publichistorycommons.org/ncph-2013-project-award/|title = NCPH 2013 Project Award: The Power of Place Within Us|date = 20 March 2013|access-date = 23 February 2016|website = Public History Commons|last = Leyva|first = Yolanda Chávez|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150918221751/http://publichistorycommons.org/ncph-2013-project-award/|archive-date = 18 September 2015|url-status = dead}} Museo Urbano won the 2013 Outstanding Public History Project Award from the National Council on Public History.{{Cite news|url = http://news.utep.edu/?p=28597|title = Museo Urbano Contributes to Global Immigration, History Discussion|last = Garibay|first = Lisa Y.|date = 23 January 2015|work = UTEP News|access-date = 23 February 2016}}

The Segundo Barrio Futbol Club has almost 150 kids involved in playing soccer.{{Cite news|url = http://www.elpasotimes.com/story/sports/soccer/2016/02/20/city-leaders-win-segundo-barrio-soccer-match/80673580/|title = City Leaders Win Segundo Barrio Soccer Match|last = Lopez|first = Luis Carlos|date = 20 February 2016|work = El Paso Times|access-date = 23 February 2016}} A basketball camp, Barrio Basketball, has been taking place in Segundo Barrio for several years.{{Cite news|url = https://www.npr.org/sections/participationnation/2012/08/24/159278341/barrio-basketball-in-el-paso-texas|title = Barrio Basketball in El Paso, Texas|last = Weeks|first = Linton|date = 24 August 2012|work = NPR|access-date = 23 February 2016}} The Henderson Middle School chess team took first place in the novice division for the National Junior High Championship in 2015.{{Cite news|url = http://www.elpasotimes.com/story/opinion/2015/04/29/henderson-chess-team-is-tops-nation/31234219/|title = Henderson Chess Team is Tops in Nation|date = 29 April 2015|work = El Paso Times|access-date = 23 February 2016}}

{{See also|Jesuit Outreach, Segundo Barrio}}

El Sagrado Corazon Catholic Church (Sacred Heart Church) was dedicated in 1893, and it continues to be an important church in the area. It is considered the "mother church" of the El Paso Diocese. The church operates adult education programs, a job seeking office, a food pantry and a restaurant and tortilla factory known as Sagrado Corazón Tortilleria & Grill. The church also provides financial support to families who are having trouble paying rent or utilities.{{Cite news|url = http://newspapertree.com/articles/2013/11/01/segundo-barrios-sacred-heart-continues-tradition-of-service|title = El Segundo Barrio's Sacred Heart Continues Tradition, Despite Challenging Financial Times|last = Bonyanpour|first = Natassia|date = 1 November 2013|work = Newspaper Tree|access-date = 23 February 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160411113758/http://newspapertree.com/articles/2013/11/01/segundo-barrios-sacred-heart-continues-tradition-of-service|archive-date = 2016-04-11|url-status = dead}} Saint Ignacius is another Catholic church in the area.

The Rose Gregory Houchen Settlement was founded in 1912 in the center of Segundo Barrio.{{Cite book|title = Latinas in the United States|last = Ruiz|first = Vicki L.|year = 2007|isbn = 9780253111692|pages = 329–331|chapter = Houchen Settlement, El Paso| publisher=Indiana University Press |chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_62IjQ-XQScC&dq=%22Rose%20Gregory%20Houchen%20Settlement%20%22&pg=PA331|editor-last = Ruiz|editor-first = Vicki L.|editor-last2 = Sanchez Korrol|editor-first2 = Virginia}} For many years, it was the "only consistent source of social services in Segundo Barrio." The Settlement was staffed mainly by members of the Methodist Church and provided rooms for Mexican women and a kindergarten.{{Cite web|url = https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/pwsgr|title = Settlement Houses|date = 15 June 2010|access-date = 23 February 2016|website = Handbook of Texas Online|publisher = Texas State Historical Association|last1 = Acosta|first1 = Teresa Palomo|last2 = Garcia|first2 = Maria-Christina|last3 = Orozco|first3 = Cynthia E.}} By 1918 Houchen was also providing citizenship classes and other classes such as cooking, carpentry, Bible study and English classes. During the 1950s, the Houchen staff composed of Mexican women developed a community centered approach to meet the needs of the El Segundo Barrio residents. These women were: Mary Lou Lopez, Maria Rico, Elisabeth Soto, Febe Bonilla, Clara Saramiento, Maria Pyan, Beatrice Fernandez and Ofilia Chavez.{{Cite book|last=Ruiz|first=Vicki|title=From Out of the Shadows|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1998|isbn=019511483-3|location=New York|pages=47}} The Settlement eventually evolved into more of a community center, with ties to the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC). In the 1950s, there were two LULAC chapters located at Houchen, one for teens and another for adults. The Houchen settlement remained until 1962. The center continues to evolve, with plans to open an organic market.{{Cite news|url = http://www.kfoxtv.com/news/features/top-stories/stories/Houchen-plans-to-replace-closed-day-care-with-new-organic-market-222598.shtml|title = Houchen Plans to Replace Closed Day Care With New Organic Market|last = Hill|first = Ryan|date = 22 October 2015|work = KFOX TV|access-date = 23 February 2016}}

Centro De Salud Familiar La Fe also provides a community center with art, adult education classes and a technology center.{{Cite news|url = http://borderzine.com/2015/07/community-hub-la-fe-promotes-well-segundo-barrio-residents/|title = Community Hub La Fe Promotes Well Being of Segundo Barrio Residents|last = Ortiz|first = Briana|date = 16 July 2015|work = Borderzine|access-date = 23 February 2016}}

• Franco Ambriz, playwright
• Olivas Villanueva Aoy, educator
• Mariano Azuela, doctor and novelist.
• Mel Casas (1929-2014), artist.{{Cite book|title = Mel Casas: Humanscapes|publisher = Contemporary Arts Museum|year = 1976|location = Houston, Texas|url = http://issuu.com/thecamh/docs/mel_casas_-_humanscapes|access-date = 6 April 2015}}
• Blanca Enriquez, Head Start director.{{Cite news|url = http://www.theprospectordaily.com/2016/01/19/from-the-barrio-to-the-nations-capital/|title = From the Barrio to the Nation's Capital|last = Guillen|first = Amanda|date = 19 January 2016|work = The Prospector|access-date = 23 February 2016}}
• Gaspar Enriquez, artist, named Segundo Barrio Person of the Year, 2016.{{Cite news|url = http://www.elpasotimes.com/videos/news/local/el-paso/2016/02/22/80761662/|title = Segundo Barrio Person of the Year|date = 22 February 2016|work = El Paso Times|access-date = 23 February 2016}}
• Henry O. Flipper, Buffalo soldier.
• Catalina Garcia, anesthesiologist and community leader in Dallas.{{Cite news|url = http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=2W63900789002&site=ehost-live|title = Dream of Becoming a Doctor Undeterred for Catalina Garcia|last = Young|first = Michael E.|date = 7 July 2008|work = Dallas Morning News|access-date = 23 February 2016|via = EBSCO|url-access=subscription }}
• Victor Leaton Ochoa, inventor, politician and writer.
• Francisco Madero, Mexican revolutionary leader and president.
• Paul Moreno, Texas state representative.{{Cite news|url = http://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/politics/blogs/tx-capital-report/2009/01/12/shapleigh-to-honor-moreno/31524981/|title = Shapleigh to Honor Moreno|date = 12 January 2009|work = El Paso Times|access-date = 23 February 2016}}
• Carlos Munoz Jr., civil rights activist.{{Cite news|url = https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2863759971.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181117174702/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2863759971.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 17 November 2018|title = Kent State's 11th Annual Martin Luther King Jr. Celebration Takes Place on Jan. 24|date = 13 January 2013|work = US Fed News Service|access-date = 23 February 2016 }}
• Guadalupe Ramirez, activist and community leader in Los Angeles.{{Cite news|url = https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83391293.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181030121513/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-83391293.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = 30 October 2018|title = Memorial Sought for Valley Icon Proposal Made to Name Building After Activist Guadalupe Ramirez|last = Berbeo|first = Dominic|date = 6 February 2000|work = Daily News|access-date = 23 February 2016 }}
• Nolan Richardson (born 1941), basketball coach.
• Teresa Urrea (1873-1906), journalist and Mexican revolutionary.
• Leona Ford Washington (1928-2007), community activist and founder of the McCall Neighborhood center.{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fwaao|title=Washington, Leona Ford|last=Dailey|first=Maceo|date=13 June 2013|website=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|access-date=5 March 2016}}

Several books have been written about living in El Segundo Barrio. Champion of the Barrio: The Legacy of Coach Buryl Baty (2015). It is a biography of Baty who coached football at Bowie high school.{{Cite news|url = http://sportsday.dallasnews.com/college-sports/kevinsherrington/2015/05/23/sherrington-first-time-author-tells-story-of-father-and-former-aggie-he-barely-got-to-know|title = First-time author tells story of father and former Aggie he barely got to know|last = Sherrington|first = Kevin|date = 23 May 2015|work = Sports Day|access-date = 24 February 2016}} In 1996, Gloria López-Stafford wrote a memoir of her life in Segundo Barrio. It was called A Place in El Paso: A Mexican-American Childhood. Marquez, Benjamin. Power And Politics in a Chicano Barrio: A Study of Mobilization Efforts and Community Power in El Paso. Lanham: University Press of America, 1985.

A documentary film created for PBS, "One Square Mile: El Paso - Segundo Barrio" was created in 2014.{{Cite news

| url = http://www.whatsuppub.com/features/local_news/article_3b0303d0-7e08-11e3-9864-001a4bcf6878.html

| title = PBS Captures Spirit of Segundo Barrio With New Documentary

| last = Cohen

| first = Cindy Graff

| date = 15 January 2014

| work = What's Up

| access-date = 24 February 2016

}}

• Centro de Salud Familiar La Fe
• Chihuahuita
• El Paso, Texas
• Central El Paso

{{Reflist|2}}

• {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S31EO-TpsdEC&dq=%22Chihuahuita&pg=PA130|title=Desert Immigrants: The Mexicans of El Paso, 1880-1920|last=Garcia|first=Mario T.|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1981|isbn=0300028830|location=New Haven}}
• {{Cite book|title=La Chihuahuita|last=Morales|first=Fred|publisher=El Paso/Juarez Historical Museum|year=2007|location=El Paso, TX|oclc=174149696}}
• {{Cite book|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/44034|title=Smeltertown: Making and Remembering a Southwest Border Community|last=Perales|first=Monica|publisher=The University of North Carolina Press|year=2010|isbn=9781469604985|location=Chapel Hill|url-access=subscription |via=Project MUSE}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20170118094340/http://www.epmhneighborhoods.org/category/el-segundo-barrio/ El Segundo Barrio]
• [https://www.flickr.com/photos/usnationalarchives/sets/72157622119614829/ DOCUMERICA photos] by Danny Lyon
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RY_w1ox4UO4 El Corrido Del Segundo Barrio] (video)
• [http://www.onesquaremile.tv/el-paso/ One Square Mile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324054855/http://www.onesquaremile.tv/el-paso |date=2016-03-24 }} - Segundo Barrio
• [https://vimeo.com/82261158 One Square Mile] (video)

{{Authority control}}

{{El Paso}}

Category:Neighborhoods in El Paso, Texas

Category:Hispanic and Latino

Category:Geography of El Paso, Texas