El Shorouk

{{Infobox settlement

| name = El Shorouk

| native_name = {{lang|arz|الشروق}}

| settlement_type = City

| motto =

| image_skyline = مدخل العمارة - panoramio.jpg

| imagesize = 300px

| image_caption = House in El Shorouk

| image_flag =

| pushpin_map = Egypt

| pushpin_mapsize = 300

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Egypt

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{flag|Egypt}}

| subdivision_type1 = Governorate

| subdivision_name1 = Cairo

| timezone = EST

| utc_offset = +2

| timezone_DST = EEST

| utc_offset_DST = +3

| coordinates = {{coord|30.144979|N|31.639912|E|region:EG|display=inline, title}}

}}

El-Shorouk ({{langx|ar|الشروق}} {{IPA|arz|eʃʃʊˈɾuːʔ, eʃʃɪˈɾuːʔ|pron}}, "the Sunrise") is a satellite city in the Eastern Area of Cairo, Egypt, also spelt Elshorouk.{{Cite web |title=Eastern Area |url=http://www.cairo.gov.eg/en/Pages/Region.aspx?ReID=12 |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=www.cairo.gov.eg}}{{cite web | title=New branch of Egypt's Academy of Arts to open in El-Shorouk City | website=Ahram Online | date=22 March 2024 | url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/35/399376/Arts--Culture/Stage--Street/New-branch-of-Egypts-Academy-of-Arts-to-open-in-El.aspx | language=ar | access-date=22 March 2024}} As a "new city" it is administered by the New Urban Communities Authority (NUCA).{{cite web |title=Shorouk City |url=http://www.newcities.gov.eg/know_cities/shrouk/default.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312064056/http://www.newcities.gov.eg/know_cities/shrouk/default.aspx |archive-date=2023-03-12 |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=New Urban Communities Authority}} Shorouk is one of the so-called third generation new cities, established by presidential decree 325/1995, allocating {{cvt|11,000| acres}} of public land to NUCA, in addition to further allocations totalling {{cvt|53,000| acres}} by 2017.

Population

The establishment of the city highlights the efforts of the Egyptian state in managing urban expansion to achieve several development goals. One prominent goal being to absorb the expanding population of Egypt and to ease population pressures currently placed on the aging capital. Other major themes of this project are to redistribute the population of the Greater Cairo area and to raise the standard of living in the region through the provision of new job opportunities from industrial projects in the city. By 2030, 35 years after its inception, Shorouk was planned to have 500,000 people.

However, according to the 2017 census, it had only 87,285 residents.{{Cite web |last=Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics (CAPMAS) |date=2017 |title=2017 Census for Population and Housing Conditions |url=https://www.cedejcapmas.org/adws/app/4d5b52dc-669d-11e9-b6a6-975656a88994/index.html |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=CEDEJ-CAPMAS}} This underachievement is not just in Shorouk, but across the new city programme where cities are planned according to wholly unrealistic population growth rates, and where they are inequitably distributed (by land area) to capture population growth.{{Cite book |last=Sims |first=David |url=https://academic.oup.com/cairo-scholarship-online/book/23147 |title=Understanding Cairo: The Logic of a City Out of Control |publisher=AUC Press |year=2011 |pages=Ch 6}}{{Cite web |last=Shawkat |first=Yahia |last2=Hendawy |first2=MennatuAllah |date=2016-11-20 |title=Myths and Facts of Urban Planning in Egypt |url=https://marsadomran.info/en/2016/11/501/ |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=Built Environment Observatory |language=en-US}}

Climate

The Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies El Shorouk as a hot desert (BWh),{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/30117/ |title=Climate: Sherook - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |access-date=2014-02-07 }}{{Cite web |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/502910/ |title=Climate: Shoruq 2000 - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table |publisher=Climate-Data.org |access-date=2014-02-07 }} as is the rest of Egypt. The climate is generally extremely dry around the capital. In addition to scarce rain, extreme heat during summer months is a general climate feature of El Shorouk. Though, daytime temperatures are milder during autumn and winter.

{{Weather box

|metric first=yes

|single line=yes

|location=El Shorouk (altitude: 189m)

|Jan high C=18.2

|Feb high C=19.8

|Mar high C=23.3

|Apr high C=28

|May high C=32.3

|Jun high C=34.5

|Jul high C=35

|Aug high C=34.6

|Sep high C=31.9

|Oct high C=29.8

|Nov high C=25

|Dec high C=20.1

|Jan mean C=12.9

|Feb mean C=13.9

|Mar mean C=16.7

|Apr mean C=20.5

|May mean C=24.4

|Jun mean C=26.9

|Jul mean C=27.9

|Aug mean C=27.9

|Sep mean C=25.5

|Oct mean C=23.5

|Nov mean C=19.4

|Dec mean C=14.7

|Jan low C=7.7

|Feb low C=8.1

|Mar low C=10.2

|Apr low C=13

|May low C=16.5

|Jun low C=19.4

|Jul low C=20.8

|Aug low C=21.2

|Sep low C=19.2

|Oct low C=17.2

|Nov low C=13.9

|Dec low C=9.4

|precipitation colour=green

|Jan precipitation mm=6

|Feb precipitation mm=4

|Mar precipitation mm=4

|Apr precipitation mm=2

|May precipitation mm=0

|Jun precipitation mm=0

|Jul precipitation mm=0

|Aug precipitation mm=0

|Sep precipitation mm=0

|Oct precipitation mm=1

|Nov precipitation mm=4

|Dec precipitation mm=5

|source 1= Climate-Data.org

}}

{{Weather box

|collapsed=yes

|metric first=yes

|single line=yes

|location=El Shorouk (altitude: 181m)

|Jan high C=18.2

|Feb high C=19.9

|Mar high C=23.5

|Apr high C=28

|May high C=32.3

|Jun high C=34.5

|Jul high C=34.9

|Aug high C=34.7

|Sep high C=31.9

|Oct high C=29.9

|Nov high C=25

|Dec high C=20.1

|Jan mean C=12.9

|Feb mean C=14

|Mar mean C=16.9

|Apr mean C=20.4

|May mean C=24.3

|Jun mean C=27

|Jul mean C=27.8

|Aug mean C=28

|Sep mean C=25.5

|Oct mean C=23.6

|Nov mean C=19.4

|Dec mean C=14.7

|Jan low C=7.7

|Feb low C=8.2

|Mar low C=10.3

|Apr low C=12.9

|May low C=16.4

|Jun low C=19.5